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1.
The survival of several ancient monuments made of ignimbrites in Hınıs town (Erzurum-Anatolia), which has suffered from intense annual temperature fluctuations and strong seismic activity, can mainly be attributed to use of suitable building stones. This paper examines the usability as building stones of Middle Miocene Hınıs ignimbrites that widely outcrop in and around Hınıs town. The petrographical, geochemical, mechanical, and physical properties determined lead to categorization of the ignimbrites as four different types. The Hınıs ignimbrites contain dasite–trachy–andesite and rhyolite. Rhyolite is the strongest material whereas the other types, being more porous, are weaker, lighter, and have good heat-insulation properties. Being light (easily transportable, machinable, and workable), good heat insulators, environmentally friendly (because of natural ventilation), sufficiently elastic to sustain seismic loading in the area under study, and more cost-effective than artificial stones, Hınıs ignimbrites are certainly a preferable option for use as light building stone. These ignimbrites are not suitable for use as floor covering, however, (because of rapid abrasion) or for building structural columns (because of low strength). 相似文献
2.
Zeynep Akbulut Samed Özdemir Hayrettin Acar Fevzi Karsli 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(12):2057-2068
Automatic building extraction is an important topic for many applications such as urban planning, disaster management, 3D building modeling and updating GIS databases. Its approaches mainly depend on two data sources: light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud and aerial imagery both of which have advantages and disadvantages of their own. In this study, in order to benefit from the advantages of each data sources, LiDAR and image data combined together. And then, the building boundaries were extracted with the automated active contour algorithm implemented in MATLAB. Active contour algorithm uses initial contour positions to segment an object in the image. Initial contour positions were detected without user interaction by a series of image enhancements, band ratio and morphological operations. Four test areas with varying building and background levels of detail were selected from ISPRS’s benchmark Vaihingen and Istanbul datasets. Vegetation and shadows were removed from all the datasets by band ratio to improve segmentation quality. Subsequently, LiDAR point cloud data was converted to raster format and added to the aerial imagery as an extra band. Resulting merged image and initial contour positions were given to the active contour algorithm to extract building boundaries. In order to compare the contribution of LiDAR to the proposed method, the boundaries of the buildings were extracted from the input image before and after adding LiDAR data to the image as a layer. Finally extracted building boundaries were smoothed by the Awrangjeb (Int J Remote Sen 37(3): 551–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2015.1131868, 2016) boundary regularization algorithm. Correctness (Corr), completeness (Comp) and accuracy (Q) metrics were used to assess accuracy of segmented building boundaries by comparing extracted building boundaries with manually digitized building boundaries. Proposed approach shows the promising results with over 93% correctness, 92% completeness and 89% quality. 相似文献
3.
Zonguldak coal basin is the only productive hard coal basin of Turkey. The eastern part of the basin is called as Bartin–Amasra District, which has deeper coal seams. The depth and difficulty of mining these coal seams make this district an important candidate for coalbed methane (CBM) recovery. However, there is not enough reservoir data for modeling purposes. In this study, the lithologic information collected for coal mining industry was used to determine the correlations and the continuity of the coal seams. The lithologic information was examined and the depths of the coal seams and the locations of the exploration boreholes were used to perform a reliable correlation using a new method. As a result of the correlation study, 63 continuous coal layers were found. A statistical reserve estimation of each coal layer for methane was made by using Monte Carlo simulation method. The initial methane in place found in the coal layers both in free and adsorbed states were estimated using probabilistic simulations resulted in possible reserve (P10) of 2.07 billion m3, probable reserve (P50) of 1.35 billion m3 and proven reserves (P90) of 0.86 billion m3.Among the determined continuous coal layers, coal layer #26 was selected for a preliminary investigation of the applicability of enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery and CO2 storage. The scarcity of coal seam reservoir data required a sensitivity study for the effects of reservoir parameters on operational performance indicators. The effects of adsorption, coal density, permeability, cleat porosity and permeability anisotropy parameters were examined using the Computer Modeling Group's (CMG) GEM module. 相似文献
4.
Mustafa Dihkan Fevzi Karsli Nilgun Guneroglu Abdulaziz Guneroglu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(8):186
Recently, the rate of urbanisation has accelerated due to increasing population density which causes unexpected environmental disturbances and problems. One of the major problems encountered to date is the change in the land use/cover (LULC) structure. Increasing the impervious surface cover has changed microclimatic properties of urbanised areas by altering their thermal characteristics. One of the most important problems facing urban planning today is the phenomena known as the urban heat island (UHI), which is largely due to the changing the character of LULC. In this study, to create a national picture of the UHI structure in Turkey, seven cities, namely Istanbul, Bursa, Ankara, Izmir, Gaziantep, Erzurum and Trabzon, each located in different climatic regions of Turkey, were investigated. The Gaussian fitting technique was applied to characterise the UHI effect in the seven cities in the study. An original contribution of the current study was that the rural reference temperature surface was automatically determined by a proposed algorithm including the automatic masking of input data, as well as the application of iterative Gaussian low-pass filtering during the fitting procedure. Within this context, the daytime and nighttime surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect was modelled and temporally analysed from 1984 to 2011 for all the sub-regions using remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, atmospheric UHI was also investigated using the mobile transect method. The findings from this study suggest that UHI is a major environmental problem in urbanised areas, both atmospheric UHI and SUHI were detected in all cities in the study area, and this problem was found to have rapidly increased from 1984 to 2011. Finally, as inferred from the multiple regression results, it can be concluded that the UHI problem in Turkey might have resulted from the altered LULC structure, as well as anthropogenic pressure on and interference in city planning geometries. 相似文献
5.
Hayrettin Acar Fevzi Karsli Mustafa Dihkan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2017,45(2):209-216
Image matching has been widely used in various fields such as digital photogrammetry, remote sensing, image processing and computer vision. In this study, the speeded up robust feature extraction algorithm for automatic point extraction was applied to a pair of high resolution digital aerial stereo images. In contrast to other studies, the universal transverse mercator coordinates of randomly selected test points were computed automatically with the proposed approach and compared with the same points that were manually measured. As a result, the mean square differences for the UTM coordinates’ in the X, Y and Z axes were calculated as ±0.043, 0.030 and 0.153 m, respectively. It is proved that the proposed algorithm is successful in matching remotely sensed high-resolution images acquired with digital cameras. Moreover, the automatization of the basic tasks in image matching and the 3D coordinate acquisition were also achieved by the algorithm. 相似文献
6.
Melih Ertan Çinar Tuncer Katagan Bilal Öztürk Özdemir Egemen Zeki Ergen Ahmet Kocatas Mesut Önen Fevzi Kirkim Kerem Bakir Güley Kurt Ertan Dagli Asli Kaymakçi Sermin Açik Alper Dogan & Tahir Özcan 《Marine Ecology》2006,27(3):229-246
Temporal and spatial variation in soft‐bottom benthic communities following recovery from a pollution episode were studied between January and September 2004 in and around Alsancak Harbor, located in the polluted part of Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean). Samples were collected at seven stations by van Veen grab. Three additional stations were sampled by means of a beam trawl to take into account large mobile animals and for a better estimate of the local biodiversity. A total of 231 species belonging to 10 zoobenthic groups were found. Polychaetes contributed 90% of the total faunal populations and mollusks 87% of the total biomass in the area. Community parameters varied significantly among stations and sampling periods; number of species ranged from 2 to 79 per 0.1 m2 grab sample; density from 20 to 81,720 ind·m?2; biomass from 0.1 to 4190 g·m?2; Shannon–Wiener diversity index (log2 base) from 0.4 to 4.4; and Pielou's evenness index from 0.11 to 1.0. Collections indicate that a number of species, including those sensitive to pollution, have colonized the area where azoic conditions had been previously reported. A total of six exotic species, Streblospio gynobranchiata, Polydora cornuta, Hydroides dianthus, Hydroides elegans, Anadara demiri and Fulvia fragilis, probably transferred to the area via ballast water or hull fouling, dominated soft or hard substrata in and near Alsancak Harbor. The first two species accounted for more than 70% of the total population in the area, while A. demiri contributed the most to the biomass (93%, at station 7). 相似文献
7.
This research focuses on the shoreline change rate analysis by automatic image analysis techniques using multi-temporal Landsat images and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) along the coastal Ramsar wetlands of Turkey. Five wetlands were selected for analysis: Yumurtalik Ramsar, the Goksu Ramsar, Kizilirmak and Yesilirmak wetlands and Gediz wetlands. Accretion or erosion processes were observed on multi-temporal satellite images along the areas of interest. Landsat images were geometrically and radiometrically corrected for the quantitative coastline delineation analysis. DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) was used as a reliable statistical approach for the rate of coastline change. For the detection of coastal change in Aegean part (Gediz wetland) of the study, zonal change detection method was used. As a result of the analysis, in some parts of research area remarkable shoreline changes (more than 765 m withdrawal and −20.68 m/yr erosion in Yumurtalik, 650 m withdrawal and −25.99 m/yr erosion in Goksu, 660 m withdrawal and −16.10 m/yr erosion in Kizilirmak and 640 m withdrawal and −4.91 m/yr erosion in Yesilirmak) were observed for three periods (1989, 1999 and 2009). Wetland in Gediz delta which is 35.57 km2 was converted to sea or salt pan for the period 1975 and 2009. 相似文献
8.
Characterization of coal reservoirs and determination of in-situ physical coal properties related to transport mechanism are complicated due to having lack of standard procedures in the literature. By considering these difficulties, a new approach has been developed proposing the usage of relationships between coal rank and physical coal properties. In this study, effects of shrinkage and swelling (SS) on total methane recovery at CO2 breakthrough (TMRB), which includes ten-year primary methane recovery and succeeding enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery up to CO2 breakthrough, and CO2 sequestration have been investigated by using rank-dependent coal properties. In addition to coal rank, different coal reservoir types, molar compositions of injected fluid, and parameters within the extended Palmer & Mansoori (P&M) permeability model were considered. As a result of this study, shrinkage and swelling lead to an increase in TMRB. Moreover, swelling increased CO2 breakthrough time and decreased displacement ratio and CO2 storage for all ranks of coal. Low-rank coals are affected more negatively than high-rank coals by swelling. Furthermore, it was realized that dry coal reservoirs are more influenced by swelling than others and saturated wet coals are more suitable for eliminating the negative effects of CO2 injection. In addition, it was understood that it is possible to reduce swelling effect of CO2 on cleat permeability by mixing it with N2 before injection. However, an economical optimization is required for the selection of proper gas mixture. Finally, it is concluded from sensitivity analysis that elastic modulus is the most important parameter, except the initial cleat porosity, controlling SS in the extended P&M model by highly affecting TMRB. 相似文献
9.
Mehmet Yaman Muharrem Ince Ensar Erel Emine Cengiz Tulin Bal Cigdem Er Fevzi Kilicel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(6):530-536
The aim of this study is to investigate the concentrations of U, Th, V, Mo, and Zr in natural waters taken from Turkey. Among these water species, Lake Van is the largest soda lake and the fourth largest closed basin on Earth. The water samples were collected from 51 locations between 2008 and 2009. The inductively coupled plasma‐MS was used for determinations. The obtained U and Zr concentrations are in the range of 37–110 µg L?1 and 17–78 µg L?1 in Lake Van and 0.53–0.81 µg L?1 and 0.15–0.19 µg L?1 in Lake Hazar, respectively. The concentration of uranium in other studied waters varies from the lowest 0.09 µg L?1 in Tigris (Dicle) river to the highest 4.0 µg L?1 in Mediterranean Sea water. Mean Mo and V concentrations in the studied water samples were found to be in ranges of 0.1–17 and 2.7–113 µg L?1, respectively. The obtained highest U concentration in Lake Van correlates with the highest Mo and Zr levels compared to the Lake Hazar and river waters. These results imply that there is a young occurrence of uranium minerals around Lake Van. It is concluded that there is about 50.000 ton of uranium in Lake Van water. 相似文献
10.
A hydrogeochemical survey of springs was carried out in Kirsehir, Turkey and fluoride, heavy metals, and mineral contents
were analyzed. The highest fluoride levels were detected in Mahmutlu with 2.1 ppm. The fluoride content of Pohrenk was, on
average, 1.1 ppm. Consequently, dental fluorosis and dental stains were observed in both villages. Although the fluoride concentrations
were within the suggested limits, dental stains and fluorosis were commonly observed among the villagers especially kids.
The fluoride concentrations of 0.7–1.0 ppm were the lowest in Cevirme, which is to the northwest of fluoride ore. The heavy
metal concentrations of resources around the three villages were compared with and were found lower than WHO’s provisional
guideline values. However, the Fe, Zn, and Cr concentrations in hot springs were much higher than cold springs with as much
as 100 ppb for Fe, 50 ppb for Zn, and 15 ppb for Cr. 相似文献