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Uniformly asymptotic formulae for edge-and-vertex diffraction in the time-domain, involving elementary functions of time, traveltimes and GTD amplitudes, are derived. Explicit expressions for diffraction at a pyramid and a triangle are constructed. They can be applied to the numerical calculation of a field reflected and diffracted at 3-D objects with sharp edges and to reflection from triangulated surfaces. the computational cost is very low.  相似文献   
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A new method of numerical computation of elastic wavefields in regions containing caustics is tested. The method is an extension of the asymptotic ray theory (ART). The essential features of the method consist of the application of expressions which are well defined at caustics and expressed in terms of ray tracing combined with complex ray tracing in caustic shadows. The method and an outline of the underlying theory are briefly presented, followed by a comparison with finite differences on a test model involving a caustic cusp. The comparison reveals the unexpectedly high degree of accuracy of the new method.  相似文献   
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Summary. We show that Maslov's extension of the WKBJ method allows an extension of the dynamic ray tracing to wavefields involving caustics of arbitrary form. If the receiver lies off the caustics, then the synthetic seismogram can be obtained by integrating the DRT system along a single ray joining the receiver to the source which may touch caustics. If the receiver-lies in the vicinity of a caustic then DRT has to be carried out along a bunch of rays covering a neighbourhood of the receiver. Our approach encompasses pre-stressed and/or anisotropic media. Initial boundary conditions for a point source embedded in an anisotropic elastic medium are also presented.  相似文献   
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—We consider several extensions of ray tracing (uniform asymptotics, complex rays, space-time rays) interrelated by the fact that they must be used jointly in order to deal with both focusing and attenuation. Two representative models of acoustic wave propagation are considered: elasticity and viscoelasticity. Basic ideas behind canonical functions and Maslov integrals for uniformly asymptotic evaluation of the wave field from ray field parameters are discussed. Complex space-time ray tracing algorithms for dispersive and attenuating media are presented. Two models of attenuation in a viscoelastic medium are compared: (1) complex space-time ray methods for general attenuation/dispersion, (2) real ray methods for weak attenuation.  相似文献   
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Book reviews     
Pure and Applied Geophysics -  相似文献   
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Summary A theoretical model of an electroelastic continuum has been applied in this paper to the problem of electrodynamic phenomena (piezoelectricity, electrostriction, etc.) associated with earthquakes. In such a model the coupling between electric and mechanical fields expresses itself by a change of scale of mechanical effects along the electric field, as well as by the additional electric charge created by the earthquake source.The electrokinetic phenomena associated with earthquakes and caused by the diffusion of fluids into the dilatant region have been considered using the theory of porous media with interstitial fluid flow. General relations describing electrokinetic effects caused by the deformation processes in an earthquake source have been obtained.  相似文献   
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