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1.
Kiichiro Kawamura Takahiro Hosono Huda Mohamed Allawati Yujiro Ogawa Hidetsugu Taniguchi 《Island Arc》2005,14(4):564-570
Abstract Magnetic susceptibility and the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility were measured on an 800-cm-thick succession of cumulate gabbro in the Sadm area of the Oman ophiolite. The section contained three distinct cumulate units. The susceptibility tends to decrease upward in each from a melanocratic layer (several tens of centimeters thick) to a leucocratic layer (a few meters thick). The susceptibility decreases in accordance with the decreasing number of magnetite grains, which are the alteration product mainly of olivine minerals. This suggests the cyclic downward accumulation of olivine in the cumulate gabbro. The apparent strain deduced from the patterns of magnetic and grain fabrics was the result mostly of simple shear, so that the layering of gabbro is understood to be formed primarily by a crystal cumulus process followed by simple shear deformation. 相似文献
2.
An oil spill-food chain interaction model, composed of a multiphase oil spill model (MOSM) and a food chain model, has been developed to assess the probable impacts of oil spills on several key marine organisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, small fish, large fish and benthic invertebrates). The MOSM predicts oil slick thickness on the water surface; dissolved, emulsified and particulate oil concentrations in the water column; and dissolved and particulate oil concentrations in bed sediments. This model is used to predict the fate of oil spills and transport with respect to specific organic compounds, while the food chain model addresses the uptake of toxicant by marine organisms. The oil spill-food chain interaction model can be used to assess the environmental impacts of oil spills in marine ecosystems. The model is applied to the recent Evoikos-Orapin Global oil spill that occurred in the Singapore Strait. 相似文献
3.
Wheat is the second important cereal crop after rice in West Bengal. During last three decades, due to climate fluctuations and variability, the productivity of this crop remains almost constant, bringing the threat of food security of this State. The objectives of the present study were to assess the trend of climatic variables (rainfall, rainy days, and temperature) over six locations covering five major agro-climatic sub-zones of West Bengal and to estimate the variability of potential, simulated yield using crop simulation model (DSAATv4.5) and the yield gap with actual yield. There were no significant change of rainfall and rainy days in annual, seasonal and monthly scale at all the study sites. In general, the maximum temperature is decreasing throughout West Bengal. Except for Birbhum, the minimum temperature increased significantly in different study sites. District average yield of wheat varied from 1757 kg ha?1 at Jalpaiguri to 2421 kg ha?1at Birbhum. The actual yield trend ranged from ??4.7 kg ha?1 year?1 at Nadia to 32.8 kg ha?1 year?1 at Birbhum. Decreasing trend of potential yield was observed in Terai (Jalpaiguri), New Alluvial Zone (Nadia) and Coastal saline zone (South 24 Parganas), which is alarming for food security in West Bengal. 相似文献
4.
Ng Jing Lin Abd Aziz Samsuzana Huang Yuk Feng Wayayok Aimrun Rowshon MK 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,133(1-2):489-509
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - A tropical country like Malaysia is characterized by intense localized precipitation with temperatures remaining relatively constant throughout the year. A... 相似文献
5.
Md. Nazmul Huda 《Natural Hazards》2013,65(3):2147-2159
This study explores the relationship between perception on climate change as well as climatic hazards and socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, occupation, exposure to mass media, amount of land, education, and income. Following simple random sampling technique, a total of 384 households were sampled from Rangamati Sadar Upazila of Bangladesh and were interviewed through a predesigned semistructured questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that a substantial number of respondents (61 %) perceive that climate is changing moderately over the years. The bivariate results indicate that age, gender, education, occupation, income, amount of land, and access to mass media are significantly associated with perception on climate change as well as climatic hazards. In addition, age, education, and exposure to mass media are also found as significant predictors of climate change perception. Education has been found as the single best predictor. 相似文献
6.
The zoogeography of marine Bryozoa around South Africa was investigated using published distribution records, museum catalogues, and an examination of previously unworked bryozoan material in (mostly) museum collections. Although a total of 276 valid species are recognised, it was not possible to unambiguously assess geographic patterns of diversity. At all depth zones examined (shore and inner-shelf, 0–30 m; mid- and outer-shelf, 31–350 m; bathyal, >500 m), there was a clear geographic structure to communities that mirrored established regional patterns of biogeography. Too few samples were collected from the shelf edge (351–500 m) and they were consequently excluded from zoogeographic analysis. Communities on the shore and inner-shelf and on the mid- and outer-shelf were more similar to each other than they were to bathyal communities, and the pronounced structure in bathyal communities suggests heterogeneity in the deep sea around South Africa. 相似文献
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8.
Saeed T Ali LN Al-Bloushi A Al-Hashash H Al-Bahloul M Al-Khabbaz A Al-Khayat A 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(3):143-150
Photodegradation of PAHs in the water-soluble fraction of Kuwait crude oil in seawater was investigated under various environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, oxygen levels and presence of a sensitizer) in laboratory conditions. All factors investigated had significant effect on the degradation rates of PAHs. At 15 °C almost all PAHs optimally degraded at an oxygen level of 4 ppm. For lower molecular weight PAHs a light intensity of 500 W/m2 in the presence of the sensitizer worked well. Higher molecular weight PAHs degraded at faster rates at a light intensity 750 W/m2. At 30 °C, most of the PAHs degraded optimally at an oxygen level of 0 ppm and light intensity of 500 or 750 W/m2 in presence of the sensitizer. At 40 °C, most of PAHs degraded optimally at low oxygen concentrations (0 and 4 ppm) and a light intensity of 500 W/m2 in the presence of the sensitizer. Linear regression indicated that for most of the compounds, light intensity had the greatest effect on degradation rates. 相似文献
9.
Atsushi Inagaki Manabu Kanda Nurul Huda Ahmad Ayako Yagi Naoyuki Onodera Takayuki Aoki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2017,163(2):161-177
Sonic anemometer measurements are analyzed from two primary field programs and 12 supplementary sites to examine the behaviour of the turbulent heat flux near the surface with high wind speeds in the nocturnal boundary layer. On average, large downward heat flux is found for high wind speeds for most of the sites where some stratification is maintained in spite of relatively intense vertical mixing. The stratification for high wind speeds is found to be dependent on wind direction, suggesting the importance of warm-air advection, even for locally homogenous sites. Warm-air advection is also inferred from a large imbalance of the heat budget of the air for strong winds. Shortcomings of our study are noted. 相似文献
10.
Wolfgang Lutz Mahendra Shah Richard E. Bilsborrow John Bon-gaarts Partha DasGupta Barbara Entwisle Günther Fischer Brigida Garcia Daniel J. Hogan Arne Jernelöv Zhenghua Jiang Robert W. Kates Sanjaya Lall F. Landis MacKellar P.K. Makinwa-Adebusoye Anthony J. McMichael Vinod Mishra Norman Myers Nebojsa Nakicenovic Sten Nilsson Brian C. O'Neill Xizhe Peng Harriet B. Presser Nafis Sadik Warren C. Sanderson Gita Sen Barbara Torrey Dirk van de Kaa Hans J.A. van Ginkel Brenda Yeoh Huda Zurayk 《Global Change & Human Health》2002,3(1):33-35
The forthcoming World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg (August 26-September 4, 2002) has been set
by the United Nations to consider strategies toward sustainable development in all its dimensions. Hence, its mandate is broader
than that of the Rio 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). Population issues have so far
been discussed in a separate series of World Population Conferences (Bucharest 1974, Mexico City 1984, Cairo 1994). With no
new World Population Conference scheduled for 2004 and Johannesburg having a mandate that is stated to explicitly include
social and economic aspects, population as a key component of sustainable development should figure prominently on the Johannesburg
agenda. Yet, after the third of four preparatory meetings for Johannesburg (which ended in New York on April 5th), consideration
of population is completely absent. The reasons for this are not entirely clear. We assume that they have to do with the fear
of entering into political controversies over abortion. We are concerned that, despite its broader mandate, in most countries
inputs to Johannesburg are being prepared mainly by environment ministries who have little experience in dealing with population
questions.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献