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Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators. 相似文献
2.
Aerosol samples (205) were collected from January 2005 to November 2006 at a coastal site at Keelung City (Taiwan), on the
southern East China Sea. The atmospheric concentrations of major ions indicated that the area was dominated by different air
masses at different times of the year: continental Asia from January to May and November to December; air masses from Indonesia
and surrounding islands (south-eastern region) dominated during early-summer (July 2005 and June 2006), and air masses directly
from the adjacent ocean dominated during late-summer (July to August 2006) and early-autumn (September to October 2005). The
atmospheric concentrations of water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) corresponded to the different sources and weather conditions.
The results of a factor analysis of combined major ions, water soluble inorganic nitrogen (WSIN) and WSON indicated that a
fossil fuel combustion source and biomass burning were the two major controlling factors during the sampling period. We discuss
the correlations between WSON, WSIN and major anthropogenic ions in relation to the different formation mechanisms for the
various sources. We propose a mechanism whereby biomass burning is the major input of aerosols derived from mainland China.
Fossil fuel combustion was found to be important during periods when aerosols were derived from the south-eastern area. Our
data indicate that WSON was predominantly associated with aerosols derived from biomass burning when the origin of the air
mass was mainland China. 相似文献
3.
Chin-Chang Hung Gwo-Ching Gong Kuo-Ping Chiang Hung-Yu Chen Kevin M. Yeager 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):565-572
Carbohydrate species, such as uronic acids, play an important role in oceanic carbon cycling, coagulation and adsorption processes. Concentrations of particulate carbohydrates (PCHO) and uronic acids (PURA) were measured in the northern East China Sea (ECS) during June and November, 2006. In June, maximum concentrations of PCHO and PURA were observed in the surface layer of coastal waters. Their concentrations rapidly decreased with depth, suggesting that they are both bio-reactive. Moreover, phytoplankton abundance and bacterial biomass seem to be associated with observed PCHO and PURA concentrations in the ECS during June, suggesting that production of carbohydrate species in the ECS is regulated by phytoplankton assemblages, bacterial assimilation or degradation. In November, however, PCHO and PURA concentrations were homogenous within the water column due to strong vertical mixing. No strong correlations were observed between carbohydrate species (PCHO and PURA) and phytoplankton or bacterial biomass, suggesting that production of these compounds in November might be caused by the physiological difference between nutrient limited and non-nutrient limited phytoplankton. Furthermore, strong negative correlations between nutrients and PCHO species suggest that nutrient levels may be one of the driving forces behind the production of these compounds in the ECS. 相似文献
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Relationships between persistent organic pollutants and carbonaceous materials in aquatic sediments of Taiwan 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Chin-Chang Hung Gwo-Ching Gong Hung-Yu Chen Jian-Ming Wu Fan-Hua Nan Peter H. Santschi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(7):1010-1017
Recent studies have shown that many persistent organic pollutants (POPs, e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and various pesticides), are strongly associated with carbonaceous materials (including organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC)). We hypothesize that carbonaceous materials can be used as a first-order pollution index, to indicate areas where POP pollution may require further investigation. We tested our hypothesis and found that strong, positive correlations between BC and OC contents versus the concentrations of PCBs (and PAHs) existed in estuarine sediments of the Danshui River in 2005 and 2008. Thus, our preliminary results demonstrate that POC and BC are potential indicators of the POP pollution potential in fluvial sediments of the Danshui River in Taiwan. This innovative approach can provide a simple, relatively inexpensive and expedient means to monitor concentrations of POPs in polluted aquatic sediments of Taiwan, and/or those having a legacy of POP inputs. 相似文献
5.
Distribution and contamination of trace metals in surface sediments of the East China Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tien-Hsi Fang Jou-Yun Li Hui-Min Feng Hung-Yu Chen 《Marine environmental research》2009,68(4):178-187
The distributions, contamination status and annual sedimentation flux of trace metals in surface sediments of the East China Sea (ECS) were studied. Higher concentrations of the studied metals were generally found in the inner shelf and the concentrations decreased seaward. The sequences of the enrichment factor (EF) of the studied metals are Cu > Mn > Ni > Zn > Pb > Fe. The values of EF suggest that the metals contamination in the middle and outer shelves of the ECS is still minor. The annual sedimentation fluxes of trace metals in the ECS were: Fe, 3.48 × 107 t/y; Mn, 9.07 × 105 t/y; Zn, 1.08 × 105 t/y; Ni, 4.48 × 104 t/y; Pb, 4.32 × 104 t/y and Cu, 3.1 × 104 t/y, respectively. Approximately 55–70% and 10–17% of the sedimentation fluxes of trace metals were deposited in the inner shelf and the Changjiang estuarine zone. 相似文献
6.
Su-Cheng Pai Sen Jan Tung-Yuan Ho Jin-Yuan Liu Ken-Sheng Chu Wen-Huei Lee Cheng-Yun Wang Ping-Yi Huang Hung-Yu Hsu Yiing-Jang Yang 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(6):711-723
Significant variations of phosphate and silicate concentrations have been observed in seawater from selected industrial pipelines at intake depths between 400 and 710 m off the Hualien coast, eastern Taiwan, revealing a strong vertical movement of water mass in this intermediate layer. An intensive monitoring experiment was carried out, in which pipeline seawater from three land-based pumping stations and seawater collected by a research vessel were obtained and analyzed in parallel during a 2-day observation period. The results showed clearly that the changes of nutrient concentrations in both pipeline and shipboard samples followed a semidiurnal cycle. The maximum vertical displacement occurred in the 300–800 m layer with a scale as surprisingly large as 100 m, when compared with that observed in other areas. The tidal cycles for different layers may not synchronize with surface tide or each other. Empirical equations have been implemented between nutrient concentrations and temperature for the Hualien off-shore area. The equation can be used to check temperature variation of the intermediate water by measuring either phosphate or silicate in pipeline seawater. 相似文献
7.
Hung CC Gong GC Ko FC Lee HJ Chen HY Wu JM Hsu ML Peng SC Nan FH Santschi PH 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):464-470
This study measured concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments in the East China Sea (ECS) to investigate possible sources and fate of PAHs. Total concentration of PAHs in the sediments of the ECS ranged from 22 to 244 ng g(-1), with the highest levels in the coastal area and outer shelf. The observed PAH results showed elevated levels in both inner and outer shelf areas, a finding that is different from predictions by an ocean circulation model, suggesting that terrestrial sources are important for PAH contaminations in the ECS, while sediment resuspension, tidal changes and lateral transport may be important in affecting the distribution of PAHs in the outer shelf. The distribution of PAHs in the surface sediments of the ECS is similar to the distribution of carbonaceous materials (e.g., particulate organic carbon and black carbon), suggesting that carbonaceous materials may strongly affect the distribution of PAHs. 相似文献
8.
This study is the first to measure the particulate phosphorus, including total inorganic phosphorus (TIP) and organic phosphorus (OP), in size-fractionated atmospheric particles. The results indicate that continental and marine sources are the key controls on the particle-size distribution of phosphorus species. For continental and local anthropogenic sources, both TIP and OP are associated with fine-mode aerosols during the winter and spring, and both are also associated with coarse particles during the summer and autumn. The coarse/fine ratios are low during periods with a non-oceanic source but high at other times, probably because of the biological growing season in the surface waters of the study area. The calculated annual fluxes based on estimates of dual-mode particles are 532±185, 435±172, and 96.8±48.8 μmol m−2 yr−1 for TP, TIP, and OP, respectively. Based on previously published solubility data for particulate phosphorus (34%), we calculated an annual flux of 180±63 μmol m−2 yr−1 for readily soluble particulate phosphorus. 相似文献
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