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1.
Present environment and historic changes from the record of lake sediments, Dhaka City, Bangladesh 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in the urban environment of Dhaka City have been evaluated from the geochemical compositions of bottom sediments from two lakes, Gulshan-1 and –2. Abundances of Pb, Zn, Fe2O3 and total sulfur in a Gulshan-1 core gradually increase toward the sediment–water interface. Three stages of condition change can be recognized in Gulshan-1, based on trace metal concentration patterns. The basal Stage I corresponds to background Dhaka sedimentation, whereas gradual increase in Stage II represents the beginning of pollution. Marked increases in Pb and Zn in Stage III reflect rapid urban development and increased emissions to the atmosphere. The condition of the Dhaka environment is compared to that of Japan based on Zn–Fe2O3 and Pb–Fe2O3 relations. Zn–Fe2O3 ratios in Stage I Dhaka sediments are similar to normal Japanese sediments, whereas Stage II data lie on the same trend as Japan urban sediments. Dhaka Stage III samples have greater Zn:Fe2O3 ratios than Japanese urban sediments, suggesting Zn pollution from poorly-controlled industrial sources. In contrast, the Dhaka Pb–Fe2O3 trend lies between normal and urban Japanese sediments. Although vehicle emissions in Dhaka are now significant, the data suggest that Pb pollution from this source remains in its early stages. 相似文献
2.
Geological and geochemical study has been carried out to investigate arsenic contamination in groundwater in Nawalparasi, the western Terai district of Nepal. The work carried out includes analyses of core sediments, provenance study by rare earth elements analyses, 14C dating, and water analyses. Results showed that distribution of the major and trace elements are not homogeneous in different grain size sediments. Geochemical characteristics and sediment assemblages of the arsenic contaminated (Nawalparasi) and uncontaminated (Bhairahawa) area have been compared. Geochemical compositions of sediments from both the areas are similar; however, water chemistry and sedimentary facies vary significantly. Extraction test of sediment samples showed significant leaching of arsenic and iron. Chemical reduction and contribution from organic matter could be a plausible explanation for the arsenic release in groundwater from the Terai sediments. 相似文献
3.
Jaya K. Gurung Hiroaki Ishiga Mohan S. Khadka Nav R. Shrestha 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(3):503-517
The geochemical analyses of fluvial-lacustrine aquifer sediments of the Kathmandu Valley have been made as a step in assessing
the environment for the mobilization of arsenic in groundwater. Elements measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) include 4 major
oxides (Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, P2O5) and 14 trace elements (As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr, Th, Sc and TS). Elution tests of 15 selected core samples
were also carried out to determine the potential leaching of arsenic from the sediments. The XRF results show that average
bulk concentrations of the major oxides and trace elements are similar to modern unconsolidated sediments and average upper
continental crust. However, the abundance of elements varies with grain size, with higher concentrations in finer-size grades.
Variations in elemental abundances within the basin are strongly controlled by sediment facies. The elution tests show that
greater amounts of arsenic are generally eluted from the fine sediments, although the rates are variable. The results overall
suggest that As concentrations in the bulk sediments are not a controlling factor for elevated As in the Kathmandu Basin groundwater,
and the roles of other factors such as redox conditions and organic matter contents are likely to be more significant. 相似文献
4.
Geochemical study of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and sediments of the Old Brahmaputra River Plain,Bangladesh 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Faruque Ahmed M. Hawa Bibi Hiroaki Ishiga Takehiko Fukushima Teruyuki Maruoka 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(6):1303-1316
The geochemical study of groundwaters and core sediments from the Old Brahmaputra plain of Bangladesh was conducted to investigate
the distribution of arsenic and related trace elements. Groundwaters from tube wells are characterized by pH of 6.4–7.4, dissolved
oxygen (DO) of 0.8–1.8 mg/l, Ca contents of 5–50 mg/l, and Fe contents of 0.2–12.9 mg/l. Arsenic concentrations ranged from
8 to 251 μg/l, with an average value of 63 μg/l. A strong positive correlation exists between As and Fe (r
2 = 0.802; p = 0.001) concentrations in groundwater. The stratigraphic sequences in the cores consist of yellowish silty clays at top,
passing downward into grayish to yellowish clays and sands. The uppermost 3 m and lower parts (from 13 to 31 m) of the core
sediments are oxidized (average oxidation reduction potential (ORP) +170 and +220 mV, respectively), and the ORP values gradually
become negative from 3 to 13 m depths (−35 to −180 mV), indicating that anoxic conditions prevail in the shallow aquifers
of the Brahmaputra plain. Age determinations suggest that clay horizons at ~10 m depth were deposited at around 2,000 and
5,000 years BP (14C ages) during the transgressive phase of sea-level change. Elevated concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and V are present
in the silts and clays, probably due to adsorption onto clay particles. Significant concentrations of As occur in black peat
and peaty sediments at depths between 9 and 13 m. A strong positive correlation between As and Fe was found in the sediments,
indicating As may be adsorbed onto Fe oxides in aquifer sediments. 相似文献
5.
D. T. Jayawardana H. M. T. G. A. Pitawala H. Ishiga 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(9):4097-4106
Farming is the major source of income for the villagers of North-central Sri Lanka. However, chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology is a major health hazard in the area and it is assumed that agricultural contaminants are the major causative agents. This study focuses on the geochemistry of soils in the area to determine possible natural and anthropogenic impacts of the problem. X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to determine the abundance of selected major and trace elements. Results show that geo-enrichment for many elements indicates slight to significant variations between agricultural and non-agricultural soils. Geoaccumulation index (I geo) shows higher pollution levels of Pb and V (2 < I geo < 3) and very lower pollution levels of As, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn (1 < I geo < 2) in agricultural soils. However, I geo for non-agricultural soils implies lack of contaminations (I geo < 1). Positive correlations of As with Pb and Zn and negative correlations with Cu, Ni and Cr suggest that they may have derived from different sources such as sulfide minerals of basement rocks, fertilizers and agrochemicals. The results of this study suggest that there is no significant threat from As and other trace elements to soils. The accumulation of these elements in agricultural fields may have been effectively controlled by seasonal farming practices. However, there is a potential environmental risk from elements such as Pb and V due to their significant enrichment in soils. 相似文献
6.
D. T. Jayawardana H. Ishiga H. M. T. G. A. Pitawala 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(1):41-55
The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the largest in human history, devastating the coastal wetlands of surrounding countries. This study present the chemical analyses of tsunamigenic and pre-tsunami sediments from Hikkaduwa and Hambantota lagoons in southern Sri Lanka, to assess their geochemical composition, their source, and subsequent environmental impacts. Principal component analysis of the tsunami sediments shows that 42% of the total variance is accounted for calcium oxide and Sr. That is, the tsunami deposits are rich in biogenic phases derived from shallow marine sediments. High organic matter contents of the tsunami sediments of up to 80 wt% also support this interpretation. The association of chlorine (<9.4 wt%), brome (<170?mg/kg), arsenic (<17?mg/kg), iron (III) oxide (<12.9 wt%) and sulfur (<7.6 wt%) accounts for 33% of the variance, reflecting higher salinity. This further suggests that the sediments were mainly derived from a marine environment, rather than from non-marine sands and/or soils. Immobile element contents and relations (thorium, scandium and zirconium) suggest that the tsunami sediment source was mostly felsic in composition, with some mafic component, and mixed with predominantly shallow marine shelf or slope sediments. Additional compositional variations in the tsunami sediments in both lagoons may be associated with variations of wave strength along the coast and by the morphology of the continental shelf. Lower elemental abundances in Hambantota lagoon sediments compared to Hikkaduwa equivalents may thus reflect a greater non-marine component in the former, and greater shelf sediment component in the latter. 相似文献
7.
Geochemical variations in stream sediments (n = 54) from the Mahaweli River of Sri Lanka have been evaluated from the viewpoints of lithological control, sorting, heavy mineral concentration, influence of climatic zonation (wet, intermediate, and dry zones), weathering, and downstream transport. Compositions of soils (n = 22) and basement rocks (n = 38) of the catchment and those of <180 μm and 180–2000 μm fractions of the stream sediments were also examined. The sediments, fractions, soils and basement rocks were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence to determine their As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Sr, Y, Nb, Zr, Th, Sc, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO, CaO, P2O5 and total sulfur contents. Abundances of high field strength and ferromagnesian elements in the sediments indicate concentration of durable heavy minerals including zircon, tourmaline, rutile, monazite, garnet, pyriboles, and titanite, especially in <180 μm fractions. The sediments show strong correlation between Ti and Fe, further suggesting presence of heavy mineral phases containing both elements, such as ilmenite and magnetite. The basement rocks range from mafic through to felsic compositions, as do the soils. The river sediments lack ultrabasic components, and overall have intermediate to felsic compositions. Elemental spikes in the confluences of tributary rivers and high values in the <180 μm fractions indicate sporadic inputs of mafic detritus and/or heavy minerals to the main channel. Al2O3/(K2O + Na2O) and K2O/Na2O ratios of the sediments and LOI values of the soils correlate well with the climatic zones, suggesting intense weathering in the wet zone, lesser weathering in the intermediate zone, and least weathering in the dry zone. Low Sr and CaO contents and Cr/V ratios in stream sediments in the wet zone also suggest climatic influence. Fe-normalized enrichment factors (EFs) for As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr in stream sediments in the main channel are nearly all <1.5, indicating there is no significant environmental contamination. The chemistry of the sediments, rocks and the soils in the Mahaweli River are thus mainly controlled by source lithotype, weathering, sorting, and heavy mineral accumulation. 相似文献
8.
Mst. Hawa Bibi Faruque Ahmed Hiroaki Ishiga Takashi Asaeda Takeshi Fujino 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(3):655-670
Geochemical analyses of lakebed and core sediments from Lake Sambe on the outskirts of Oda City in Shimane prefecture in southwestern
Japan were carried out in order to assess the water quality and the concentration and distribution patterns of sixteen elements.
The lake water showed a stratified condition with respect to dissolved O2, and As, Fe, and Mn concentrations in the bottom layers which increased in the summer. The chemical composition of the sediments,
as measured by X-ray fluorescence, included major and trace elements (P, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Zr, Pb,
and Th), and total sulfur (TS). Elevated values of As, Zn, V, Fe, P, and TS were present in several layers of the upper cores
(from 0 to 5 cm) and other surface sediments. Increases in the abundances of these metals in lake sediments are probably related
to the reducing condition of the sediments, fine-grained organic rich sediments, and post-depositional diagenetic remobilization.
Moreover, correlations between the concentrations of trace metals and iron in the sediments suggest their adsorption onto
Fe (oxy)hydroxides, whereas correlations with sulfur indicate that they were precipitated as Fe-sulfides. The average abundances
of As, Pb, Zn, and Cu exceeded the lowest effect level and Interim Sediment Quality Guideline values that the New York State
Department of Environmental Conservation and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment determined to have moderate
impact on aquatic organisms. In addition, concentrations of As and Zn exceeded the Coastal Ocean Sediment Database threshold
value, indicating potentially toxic levels. Therefore, the presence of trace metals in the lake sediments may result in adverse
effects on biota health. 相似文献
9.
Geochemical study of the Holocene sediments of the Meghna River Delta, Chandpur, Bangladesh was conducted to investigate the distribution of arsenic and related trace and major elements. The work carried out includes analyses of core sediments and provenance study by rare earth element (REE) analysis. Results showed that the cores pass downward from silty clays and clays into fine to medium sands. The uppermost 3 m of the core sediments are oxidized [average oxidation reduction potential (ORP) + 230 mV], and the ORP values gradually become negative with depths (−45 to −170 mV), indicating anoxic conditions prevail in the Meghna sediments. The REE patterns of all lithotypes in the study areas are similar and are comparable to the average upper continental crust. Arsenic and other trace elements (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr) have greater concentrations in the silts and clays compared to those in the sands. Positive correlation between As and Fe was found in the sediments, indicating As may be adsorbed on Fe oxides in aquifer sediments. 相似文献
10.
Assessment of metal concentrations in lake sediments of southwest Japan based on sediment quality guidelines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geochemical analysis of the bottom sediments of Lakes Banryoko, Onbe, Hamahara and Kijima in Shimane prefecture of southwest
Japan was carried out to determine their metal concentrations, and to assess the potential for ecological harm by comparison
with sediment quality guidelines. The work conducted includes water quality measurement, and analyses of trace and major elements
and rare earth element (REE) of sediments. Results showed that water quality of the lakes contrasts slightly between their
upper and lower parts. Average abundances of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in Banryoko sediments were 27, 33, 90, 27, 25, and
46 ppm, respectively, compared to 31, 52, 175, 44, 44, and 75 ppm at Onbe, 11, 26, 96, 13, 13, and 35 ppm at Hamahara, and
24, 43, 193, 31, 12, and 30 ppm at Kijima. These concentrations exceeded the lowest effect level that has moderate impact
on aquatic organisms as proposed by the New York State Department of Environmental conservation. Pb and Cu abundances are
comparable to the Coastal Ocean Sediment Database threshold, while As and Zn exceed this value, indicating the concentrations
of these metals are potentially toxic. Increases in the abundances of these metals in lake sediments are probably related
to the reducing condition of the sediments, anthropogenic sources and surface soil erosion. The REE patterns of sediments
in the study areas are broadly comparable to the average upper continental crust, but show some contrast between lakes due
to differing source litho type. Significant positive correlations between Fe2O3 and As, Pb, Zn, and Cu were found in the sediments, suggesting these metals may be adsorbed on Fe oxides in the lake sediments. 相似文献