Measurement of stress effects (scope for growth) and contaminant levels in mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from the Irish Sea     

Widdows J  Donkin P  Staff FJ  Matthiessen P  Law RJ  Allen YT  Thain JE  Allchin CR  Jones BR 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(4):327-356

The objective of this research was to quantify the impact of pollution along the coastlines of the Irish Sea. Pollution assessment was based on the combined measurement of scope for growth (SFG), and chemical contaminants in the tissues of mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from 38 coastal sites around the Irish Sea during June-July in 1996 and 1997. On the UK mainland coast, the SFG showed a general trend with a significant decline in water quality in the Liverpool and Morecambe Bay region. High water quality was recorded along the west coast of Wales, as well as southwest England and northwest Scotland (clean reference sites outside the Irish Sea). Along the coast of Ireland there was a similar trend with reduced SFG within the Irish Sea region. SFG was generally low north of Duncannon and then improved north of Belfast. The poor water quality on both sides of the Irish Sea is consistent with the prevailing hydrodynamics and the spatial distribution of contaminants associated with urban/ industrial development. The decline in SFG of mussels on both sides of the Irish Sea was associated with a general increase in contaminant levels in the mussels. Certain contaminants, including PAHs, TBT, sigmaDDT, Dieldrin, gamma-HCH, PCBs, and a few of the metals (Cd, Se, Ag, Pb), showed elevated concentrations. Many of these contaminants were particularly elevated in the coastal margins of Liverpool Bay, Morecambe Bay and Dublin Bay. A quantitative toxicological interpretation (QTI) of the combined tissue residue chemistry and SFG measurements indicated that at the majority of coastal sites, c. 50 to > 80% of the observed decline in SFG was due to PAHs as a result of fossil fuel combustion and oil spills. TBT levels were highest at major ports and harbours, but these concentrations only made a minor contribution to the overall reduction in SFG. At no sites were individual metals accumulated to concentrations that could cause a significant effect on SFG. The study identified many sites where the observed reduction in SFG was far greater than predicted from the limited number of chemical contaminants analysed, thus indicating the presence of additional 'unknown toxicants'. Sewage (containing domestic, agricultural and industrial components) appears to be an important contributor to reduced SFG and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) and As may provide suitable 'sewage markers'. There was a highly significant positive correlation between SFG and As (P < 0.001). This relationship may be due to reduced As uptake by algal food material and mussels at sites with elevated P04 concentrations (e.g. at sites with sewage inputs). Phosphate is a known competitive inhibitor of As accumulation, at least in algae. The results highlight that further research is required on 'sewage markers' in mussels. The SFG approach therefore provides a rapid, cost-effective and quantitative measure of pollution impact, as well as a means of identifying the causes through a QTI of tissue contaminants levels. It also serves to identify the presence of unidentified toxicants and areas that require further study.  相似文献   

Comparative tolerance of two estuarine annelids to fluoranthene under normoxic and moderately hypoxic conditions     

Weinstein JE  Sanger DM 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(5):637-648

The tolerance of the oligochaete Monopylephorus rubroniveus and the polychaete Streblospio benedicti to sediment-associated fluoranthene was characterized under normoxic (>80% dissolved oxygen saturation) and moderately hypoxic ( approximately 50% dissolved oxygen saturation) conditions. Under both conditions, M. rubroniveus was highly tolerant of fluoranthene. Streblospio benedicti was considerably less tolerant of fluoranthene compared with M. rubroniveus. In addition, S. benedicti was less tolerant to fluoranthene under moderately hypoxic conditions, although no differences in sensitivity between the two oxygen conditions were observed based upon median lethal tissue residues. Bioaccumulation factors were higher for S. benedicti exposed to moderate hypoxia, suggesting that behavioral adaptations to compensate for the lower dissolved oxygen increased its bioaccumulation of fluoranthene. The results of the present laboratory study demonstrate that (1). changes in annelid tolerance to fluoranthene under varying oxygen conditions is a species-dependent phenomenon and (2). the differential tolerance of these two annelids to these combined stressors is consistent with their relative abundances in the field.  相似文献   

Detection of a new interstellar molecular ion, H2COH+ (protonated formaldehyde)     

Ohishi M  Ishikawa SI  Amano T  Oka H  Irvine WM  Dickens JE  Ziurys LM  Apponi AJ 《The Astrophysical journal》1996,471(1):L61-L64

A new interstellar molecular ion, H2COH+ (protonated formaldehyde), has been detected toward Sgr B2, Orion KL, W51, and possibly in NGC 7538 and DR21(OH). Six transitions were detected in Sgr B2(M). The 1(1,0)-1(0,1) transition was detected in all sources listed above. Searches were also made toward the cold, dark clouds TMC-1 and L134N, Orion (3N, 1E), and a red giant, IRC + 10216, without success. The excitation temperatures of H2COH+ are calculated to be 60-110 K, and the column densities are on the order of 10(12)-10(14) cm-2 in Sgr B2, Orion KL, and W51. The fractional abundance of H2COH+ is on the order of 10(-11) to 10-(9), and the ratio of H2COH+ to H2CO is in the range 0.001-0.5 in these objects. The values in Orion KL seem to be consistent with the "early time" values of recent model calculations by Lee, Bettens, & Herbst, but they appear to be higher than the model values in Sgr B2 and W51 even if we take the large uncertainties of column densities of H2CO into account. We suggest production routes starting from CH3OH may play an important role in the formation of H2COH+.  相似文献   

精心打造天气预报——电视天气预报节目定位与创意     

徐扬  黄英伟 《黑龙江气象》2002,(2):43-45

电视天气预报是气象科技顺应时代发展而开辟的新型服务方式.它虽然每天只播放几分钟,但它的固有因素相对于其它栏目要多,在这样短的时间内表达大量的信息,且与观众的生活息息相关.因此要把握和利用好这几分钟,就能使天气预报节目成为服务于社会生活的桥梁,成为气象和人们群众相联系的纽带.  相似文献   

极点和零点——数字地震学基础(英文,续4)     

徐扬  FRANK·SCHERBAUM 《山西地震》2002,(2):41-47

9 数字地震图的反演和仿真滤波 前面讨论的主要是滤波器问题,也就是已知系统特性时,对任意输入信号系统的输出.下面,将讨论仿真问题,即将数字记录转变为其他不同地震仪的记录.这个问题很重要,因为它能使我们用已经习惯的观测系统的处理方式来处理地震纪录.仿真主要针对一些标准的仪器类型进行.由于仪器的类型不止一种,所以在分析不同类型的地震波时必须考虑仪器的类型.例如,许多地震学家认为,对于高频的近震体波,短周期仪器(A类)的记录最易于分析;长周期的体波和远震的面波,长周期仪器(B类)的记录最易于分析;而区域范围内地震的体波和面波,则中等周期仪器(C类)的记录最合适.另外,伍德-安德森地震仪在确定近震震级方面具有特殊的历史地位.  相似文献   

极点和零点①——数字地震学基础(英文,续完)     

FRANK SCHERBAUM  徐扬 《山西地震》2002,(4):33-42

10 数字地震图的波形参数测量 常规地震图的处理所测定的信号参数并不多,如初动时间、振幅、上升时间、波形宽度、信号矩以及特殊波组的初动方向(见图10.1).  相似文献   

利用GIS进行山西地区的震害快速预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王继  徐扬  李自红  张大卫  张丽  薄建杰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2002,23(3):65-70

引言 一个地区在发生大地震后，如何快速地预测出地震所造成的经济损失，为政府决策和抗震减灾提供早期依据？传统的评估方法是地震部门派出考察组对灾区损失进行评估，虽然评估数字比较准确，但作为宏观决策的依据相对滞后；同样，如果对一个较大范围进行震害预测，往往要收集较详细的建筑设施分类数据，但对于经济发展快速的地区，数据的更新往往很困难，如何及时搜集和更新得到地震损失估计的结果？ 针对以上问题，陈颙院士研究了新的地震危险性分析和震害预测方法，概括说来就是两点：利用地震活动性资料代替传统的潜在震源进行地震危险…  相似文献   

山西交城断裂交城县城段的位置及其与地裂缝的关系研究     

徐扬  赵晋泉  张大卫  杨政 《山西地震》2005,(Z1):22-23

山西交城断裂为太原盆地西界的主控边界断裂,断裂带附近历史上曾发生过6级地震.野外调查发现,沿交城断裂发现多处地裂缝.在交城县城北侧的坡底村-田家山村西一带地裂缝断续出露,裂缝与基岩隆起区与盆地倾斜平原的分界线的距离大约为200 m.  相似文献   

山东青岛地区灵山岛早白垩世碎屑岩锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素特征及其大地构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

孟元库  李日辉  徐扬  侯方辉 《地球科学》2018,43(9):3302-3323

苏鲁造山带东缘的灵山岛上发育有早白垩世碎屑岩,目前人们对其沉积的精确时代、成因机制和大地构造环境仍然存在着广泛的争议.利用LA-ICP-MS的方法对灵山岛上两套碎屑岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年,并对特征年龄谱中的代表性碎屑锆石进行了Lu-Hf同位素分析.结果表明:（1）碎屑锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,莱阳群法家茔组和青山群八亩地组下部的碎屑岩沉积时代分别为127±3 Ma和128±4 Ma,表明两套碎屑岩都是早白垩世中晚期的沉积产物;（2）灵山岛上两套碎屑岩具有完全相似的年龄谱以及锆石Hf同位素组成,表明发育软沉积变形的粉砂岩、泥岩和上覆的含砾粗砂岩具有相似的物源,并且源区组成较为单一,主要以亲华北的胶北地体为主,其次的物源区为苏鲁造山带;（3）胶莱盆地下白垩统莱阳群和灵山岛下白垩统莱阳群的碎屑锆石年龄谱对比表明,灵山岛上的莱阳群碎屑岩明显不同于胶莱盆地的莱阳群,暗示在早白垩世时,灵山岛上的两套碎屑岩可能受到区域断裂的控制,沉积于一个相对独立的盆地.综合结果表明,灵山岛地区莱阳群法家茔组可能沉积于断陷湖盆的萎缩期,早期的沉积以湖相为主,晚期主要以河流相为主,在此期间遭受到了强烈的火山地震作用,诱发了下部的湖相的砂泥岩发生大规模的滑塌和软沉积变形.   相似文献   

西大别南缘印支期吕王-高桥-永佳河构造混杂岩带的厘定及其构造意义          下载免费PDF全文

徐扬  杨振宁  邓新  王令占  刘浩  金鑫镖  张维峰  魏运许  彭练红  黄海永 《地球科学》2021,46(4):1173-1198

在西大别造山带的区调工作中,新识别出一系列中元古代末-新元古代的岩石-构造单元,它们沿着吕王-高桥-永佳河一线展布,并构成一条NNW-SEE向展布的构造混杂岩带.该混杂岩带主要由超镁铁质-镁铁质岩、硅泥质岩、石英质岩、大理岩、含碳陆源碎屑岩、双峰式火山岩以及卷入其中的榴辉岩等多种变质岩块(片)共同组成,并赋存于一套遭受...  相似文献