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南秦岭地块紫阳地区广泛出露早古生代基性岩墙群,其研究具有重要的地球动力学意义。虽然如此,已有相关研究目前主要集中于志留纪基性岩墙群方面,而对早古生代(如,寒武纪、奥陶纪)基性岩墙群的研究仍相对薄弱。从而制约了对南秦岭早古生代岩石圈伸展过程相关问题(如,时空分布规律、地幔性质、动力学机制和相关成矿作用)的总体把握。鉴于尚存的科学问题,本研究选取康家坪、梨树梁、大竹坪、清明寨、苟家山、庙梁上、曾家山和毛坝村的基性岩墙群为研究对象,开展了矿物学、岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素方面的研究,对其精细时代格局、成因及成岩动力学背景进行了系统探讨。研究结果显示,紫阳早古生代基性岩墙以辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩为主,形成时代为奥陶纪(478.8-486Ma),属碱性系列岩石(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O变化范围为4.10%-5.14%)。另外,基性岩墙群具有富集LREE、Rb、Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Eu(Eu/Eu*=1.13-1.35),亏损HREE、U、Pb和Ti的典型地球化学特征。(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7044-0.7050、εNd(t)=3.1-3.6、εHf(t)=4.4-12.1,176Hf/177Hf=0.282634-0.282846,暗示基性岩墙为地幔柱作用过程亏损岩石圈或软流圈地幔部分熔融作用的产物。另外,在辉绿岩成岩过程经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶,但地壳混染的影响不明显。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地古生代重要演化阶段的古构造格局与古地理演化 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
塔里木盆地在古生代经历了中-晚奥陶世、晚奥陶世末、中泥盆世末等多个重要的盆地变革期,形成了多个重要的不整合,盆地构造古地理发生了重要的变化。中、晚奥陶世盆地的变革形成了由巴楚古斜坡-塔中隆起-和田河隆起构成的大型古隆起带、相对沉降的北部坳陷带以及由于挤压挠曲沉降形成的塘古孜巴斯坳陷带。中部古隆起带制约着晚奥陶世东窄西宽的弧立碳酸盐岩台地体系的发育,而开始形成于震旦纪的满加尔拗拉槽及东南侧的塘古孜巴斯坳陷接受了巨厚的中、晚奥陶世重力流沉积。奥陶纪末的盆地变革形成了北东东向展布的西南-东南缘和西北缘的强烈隆起带,总体的古构造地貌控制着早志留世北东东向展布的滨浅海陆源碎屑盆地的沉积格局。中泥盆纪世末期的盆地强烈隆升并遭受了夷平化的剥蚀作用,形成了大范围分布的角度不整合面,并以塔北隆起和塔东隆起的强烈抬升为显著特征。盆地古构造地貌从东低西高转为东高、西低,制约着晚泥盆和早石炭世由东向西南方向从滨岸到浅海的古地理分布。中、晚奥陶世主要不整合及其剥蚀量的分布反映出北昆仑向北碰撞和挤入是造成盆地南缘、东南缘及盆内隆起的主要原因。南天山洋的俯冲、碰撞在奥陶世末至早志留世已对盆地西北缘产生影响,导致塔北英买力隆起的抬升和遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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东北地区晚古生代-中生代I型和A型花岗岩Nd同位素变化趋势及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国东北地区位于中亚造山带巨型增生陆缘的东段,分布着巨量的具有新生特征的显生宙花岗岩和火山岩。本文对东北地区晚古生代-中生代I和A型花岗岩年代学和Nd同位素组成开展了综合分析和研究。东北地区的I型花岗岩有两种Nd同位素变化趋势:一是以额尔古纳和兴安地块为代表,其εNd(t)随着年龄变新而增大,与造山带垮塌、软流圈上涌的幔源熔体或蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋的俯冲交代地幔楔熔体加入引起的地壳增生作用相关。二是以松嫩地块西南区和张广才岭为代表,εNd(t)随着年龄变新而下降,反映花岗岩的熔融源区有从早期的新生岛弧中、下地壳向晚期含更多再循环物质的中、上地壳迁移的趋势。A型花岗岩侵位时代主要有三期,总体上具有正的εNd(t)值,绝大部分tDM21.0Ga,反映了东北地区强烈的地壳增生作用。晚古生代A型花岗岩主要沿着贺根山-黑河断裂分布,可能与兴安和松嫩地块碰撞后伸展作用相关;早中生代A型花岗岩主体分布于张广才岭,与松嫩、佳木斯和兴凯地块的碰撞后伸展作用相关;早白垩世A型花岗岩遍布整个东北地区,可能与古太平洋板块俯冲、后撤导致的区域性伸展作用相关。晚古生代-中生代花岗岩的Nd二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)与侵位年龄(t)的对比展示了东北各构造单元地壳增生作用的差异。与华北北缘中生代花岗岩的特征相似,额尔古纳和佳木斯地块的花岗岩表现出tDM2t+1000Ma的特征,表明这两个地块具有古老的结晶基底。兴安地块、松嫩地块西南区和张广才岭花岗岩的tDM2和侵位年龄差值集中在300~1000Ma,反映不同属性(年轻vs.古老)的地壳物质对熔融源区的贡献。东北地区tDM2和侵位年龄差值小于300Ma的花岗岩岩体极少,仅有乌兰浩特的查干岩体一例,可能由新近增生的新生地壳熔融形成。由Nd同位素特征显示,晚古生代-中生代东北地区显著的地壳增生作用主要发生在缝合带和岩石圈规模的断裂带,幔源岩浆沿断裂带上升到地壳不同深度并形成高εNd(t)和低tDM2的中酸性火成岩。除几个特殊岩体表现出过于亏损或富集Nd同位素的特征,早白垩世东北地区酸性火成岩的Nd同位素组成相近,εNd(t)值集中在0~+3之间,可能暗示此时期东北地区的中、下地壳成分组成趋于一致并与同时期的古太平洋俯冲作用有关。我们的结果显示东北地区晚古生代-中生代花岗岩的起源与古亚洲洋、蒙古鄂霍茨克洋和古太平洋的构造演化相关。这三个古大洋的扩张和俯冲作用提供了大量新生地壳物质,而新生和再循环地壳物质的重熔形成了东北地区大规模的显生宙花岗岩及其对应成分的喷出岩。 相似文献
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ChangSong Lin HaiJun Yang JingYan Liu Li Peng ZhenZhong Cai XiaoFa Yang YongHeng Yang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(6):823-834
Inclined eastward and consisting of the Hetianhe, Hetianhedong, Tazhong paleouplifts and Bachu paleoslope, the central paleouplift
belt in the Tarim Basin was a large composite paleouplift and paleoslope belt with complicated palaeogeomorphic features during
the Middle to early Late Ordovician. A number of paleostructural geomorphic elements have been identified in the paleouplift
belt and surrounding areas, such as the high uplift belts, the faulted uplift platforms, the marginal slopes and slope break
zones flanking the paleouplift belt, the surrounding shelf slopes or low relief ramps, the shelf slope break zones and deep
basin plains. They exerted great influence on the development of paleogeography of the basin. The marginal slopes and slope
break zones flanking the uplift belt constrained the formation and deposition of the high-energy facies including reefal and
shoal deposits during the Late Ordovician, which comprise the major reservoirs of the Lower Paleozoic in the basin. Toward
the end of the Ordovician, the Tazhong paleouplift hinged westward and became a westward-dipped nose as the southeastern margin
of the basin was strongly compressed and uplifted. The tectono-paleogeomorphic framework of the central northern basin during
the Early Silurian and the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous changed remarkably in topography from the initial low in east
and high in west to high in northeast and low in southwest. The major paleogeomorphic elements developed in these periods
included the strong eroded uplift high, the uplift marginal slope, the gentle ramp of the depression margin and the depression
belt. The sandstones of the lowstand and the early transgressive systems tracts were deposited along the uplift marginal slopes
and the gentle ramps of the depressions comprise the prolific reservoirs in the basin. The study indicates that the distribution
patterns of the unconformities within the basin are closely related to the paleogeomorphic features and evolution of the paleouplift
belt. From the high uplift belt to the depression, we found the composed unconformity belts at the high uplift, the truncated
and onlap triangular unconformity belts along the uplift marginal slopes, the minor angular unconformity or discontinuity
belts along the transitional zones from the uplift marginal slopes to depression and the conformity belt in the central depression.
The truncated and the onlap triangular unconformity belts are the favorable zones for the formation of stratigraphic trap
reservoirs.
Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB202302), National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Grant No. 40372056) and Frontier Research Project of Marine Facies 相似文献
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Zhu GuangYou Zhang ShuiChang Zhao WenZhi Wang ZhengJun Liang YingBo Zhao XueFeng Zhang JingYan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2008,51(1):96-106
Shallow gas reservoirs are distributed widely in Chinese heavy oil-bearing basins. At present, shallow gas resources have opened up giant potentials. The previous researches indicate the intimate genetic relationship between shallow gas and heavy oil. Shallow gas resources are generated from crude oil degraded by anaerobic microscopic organism, it belongs to biogenic gas family of secondary genesis, namely heavy oil degraded gas. Shallow gas resources are usually distributed in the upward position or the vicinity of heavy oil reservoirs. They are mainly of dry gas, which are composed of methane and only tiny C +2 heavy hydrocarbon and relatively higher contents of nitrogen gas. Generally, methane isotopes are light, whose values are between biogenic gas and thermal cracking gas. Ethane isotopes are heavy, which mixed possibly with thermogenic gas. Carbon dioxide bear the characteristics of very heavy carbon isotope, so carbon isotopic fractionation effects are very obvious on the process of microscopic organism degradation crude oil. The heavy oil degraded gas formation, a very complex geological, geochemical and microbiological geochemical process, is the result of a series of reactions of organic matter-microbes and water-hydrocarbon, which is controlled by many factors.
相似文献6.
GuangYou Zhu ShuiChang Zhang WenZhi Zhao ZhengJun Wang YingBo Liang XueFeng Zhao JingYan Zhang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(1):96
Shallow gas reservoirs are distributed widely in Chinese heavy oil-bearing basins. At present, shallow gas resources have opened up giant potentials. The previous researches indicate the intimate genetic relationship between shallow gas and heavy oil. Shallow gas resources are generated from crude oil degraded by anaerobic microscopic organism, it belongs to biogenic gas family of secondary genesis, namely heavy oil degraded gas. Shallow gas resources are usually distributed in the upward position or the vicinity of heavy oil reservoirs. They are mainly of dry gas, which are composed of methane and only tiny C 2 + heavy hydrocarbon and relatively higher contents of nitrogen gas. Generally, methane isotopes are light, whose values are between biogenic gas and thermal cracking gas. Ethane isotopes are heavy, which mixed possibly with thermogenic gas. Carbon dioxide bear the characteristics of very heavy carbon isotope, so carbon isotopic fractionation effects are very obvious on the process of microscopic organism degradation crude oil. The heavy oil degraded gas formation, a very complex geological, geochemical and microbiological geochemical process, is the result of a series of reactions of organic matter-microbes and water-hydrocarbon, which is controlled by many factors. 相似文献
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志留系沉积期塔里木为一地势相对平坦、水体较浅的陆表海盆地,总体充填一套碎屑海岸和三角洲体系,从下至上可划分出5个三级层序。塔中和塔北志留系沉积层序表现出明显的不对称结构,塔北地区柯坪塔格组三级层序SQ-Skp1、SQ-Skp2和SQ-Skp3沉积较完整,发育潮坪、浅海陆棚、滨岸-三角洲体系;而塔中地区缺失SQ-Skp1和SQ-Skp2层序,SQ-Skp3以潮坪体系为主,局部发育小型三角洲。与此相对,塔中地区塔塔埃尔塔格组层序SQ-Stt沉积完整,而塔北地区缺失SQ-Stt水进体系域红泥岩段。塔中和塔北志留系沉积层序的不对称结构反映了塔中和塔北构造隆升的差异和演化,奥陶末构造运动对塔中影响较大,造成塔中隆起的隆升并一直处于水上隆起,直到柯坪塔格组上段SQ-Skp3层序沉积期才淹没充填,随后持续沉降,形成了完整的塔塔埃尔塔格组层序SQ-Stt;奥陶末构造运动对塔北影响较小,西部英买力地区局部隆升,而东部持续沉降,直到柯坪塔格组沉积之后塔北东部出现较大规模隆升,形成明显的上超不整合,并造成塔塔埃尔塔格组层序SQ-Stt水进体系域红泥岩段缺失。塔中和塔北构造演化控制了盆地的沉积层序和储盖组合发育,塔中缺失下储盖组合,而塔北缺失上储盖组合,对志留系圈闭形成和油气保存具有重要的影响。 相似文献
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