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1.
Wenyang Zhang Doriam Restrepo Jorge G.F. Crempien Bulent Erkmen Ricardo Taborda Asli Kurtulus Ertugrul Taciroglu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2021,50(1):177-196
Scenario‐based earthquake simulations at regional scales hold the promise in advancing the state‐of‐the‐art in seismic risk assessment studies. In this study, a computational workflow is presented that combines (i) a broadband Green's function‐based fault‐rupture and ground motion simulation—herein carried out using the “UCSB (University of California at Santa Barbara) method”, (ii) a three‐dimensional physics‐based regional‐scale wave propagation simulation that is resolved at Hz, and (iii) a local soil‐foundation‐structure finite element analysis model. These models are interfaced with each other using the domain reduction method. The innermost local model—implemented in ABAQUS—is additionally enveloped with perfectly matched layer boundaries that absorb outbound waves scattered by the structures contained within it. The intermediate wave propagation simulation is carried out using Hercules , which is an explicit time‐stepping finite element code that is developed and licensed by the CMU‐QUAKE group. The devised workflow is applied to a km region on the European side of Istanbul, which was modeled using detailed soil stratigraphy data and realistic fault rupture properties, which are available from prior microzonation surveys and earthquake scenario studies. The innermost local model comprises a chevron‐braced steel frame building supported by a shallow foundation slab, which, in turn, rests atop a three‐dimensional soil domain. To demonstrate the utility of the workflow, results obtained using various simplified soil‐structure interaction analysis techniques are compared with those from the detailed direct model. While the aforementioned demonstration has a limited scope, the devised workflow can be used in a multitude of ways, for example, to examine the effects of shallow‐layer soil nonlinearities and surface topography, to devise site‐ and structure‐specific seismic fragilities, and for calibrating regional loss models, to name a few. 相似文献
2.
Umit Haluk Atasever Coskun Ozkan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(8):1213-1222
Actual evapotranspiration is one of the most important component for efficient water management and planning. Until recently, evapotranspiration computations and measurements have been performed locally. But, in recent years, actual evapotranspiration computations can be calculated regionally thanks to improvements on remote sensing discipline and satellites. Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) is one of the most commonly preferred technics for actual evapotranspiration mapping. However, this algorithm has some difficulties such as mismatch with Landsat 8 and hot–wet pixel selection which require expert knowledge. In this paper, a novel SEBAL based approach (SEBAL-BSA), which can use Landsat 8 images as data and can automatically perform hot–wet pixel selection using Backtracking Search Algorithm (BSA) with ground control points, has been proposed. SEBAL-BSA was developed and tested using January 22–2015, April 28–2015 and July 01–2015 dated Landsat 8 images in Akarsu Irrigation Water User Association command area in the Çukurova Region of Turkey and actual evapotranspiration mapping was realized without albedo measurements. Accuracy of SEBAL-BSA has been examined by comparing values of predefined ground truth points and values obtained from proposed approach. According to results of parametric matched pairs T test and nonparametric Wilcoxon sign rank test, SEBAL-BSA is highly successful. Applications also show that the SEBAL-BSA is a user-friendly approach for institutions and organizations related to water authorization and management. 相似文献
3.
The Late Cretaceous–Tertiary accretionary prism in Eastern Turkey includes several ophiolitic megablocks and/or tectonic slivers (Mehmetalan, Mollatopuz and Alabayir) within a mélange complex, mainly comprising harzburgite, dunite and cumulate-textured gabbro. The diabases, which are the main focus of this study, cut across the ophiolites as parallel and variably thick dyke-swarms. Geochemistry of the diabases reveals three distinct groups, including a) supra-subduction zone (SSZ) type, which is characterized by marked Nb-anomaly and normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB) like HFSE distribution, b) enriched MORB (E-MORB) type, showing some degree of enrichment relative to N-MORB, c) oceanic-island basalt (OIB) type with characteristic hump-backed trace element patterns, coupled with fractionated REE distribution. Among these groups, SSZ- and E-MORB-type signatures are acquired from the Mehmetalan and Mollatopuz suites, whereas OIB-type characteristics are found in the Alabayir suite. The melting models indicate involvement of both depleted and enriched sources for the genesis of the studied dykes. The close spatial relationship, similar ages (based on Ar–Ar dating) and the presence of variable subduction component displayed by Mehmetalan and Mollatopuz suites may indicate melt generation in an intra-oceanic SSZ within the southern branch of Neotethys. In spite of the solely OIB-like character of the Alabayir suite, the similar age obtained from these dykes may suggest their formation in a similar SSZ setting. Alternatively, the Alabayir suite may have represented an oceanic island or seamount formed in an intra-plate setting with or without plume influence. We suggest that decompression melting triggered by slab roll-back mechanism during the closure of the southern branch of the Neotethys during the Late Cretaceous may have been the main process that led to generation of magmas of both depleted and enriched characteristics. 相似文献
4.
Serpentinized ultrabasic rocks crop out at various places in the northwestern part of Turkey. They are the foundation rocks of some architecture and the ground under road bases in many areas. They are also frequently used for indoor work such as tables, shafts, pilasters, jambs for chimney pieces and ornaments of different kinds. Owing to their economic importance, in situ geophysical and geotechnical studies were conducted to determine their dynamic engineering parameters such as: P- and S-wave velocities, Poisson’s ratio, rigidity modulus, elasticity modulus, bulk modulus, natural period, safe bearing capacity, and bearing coefficient. Geophysical and geotechnical laboratory tests were performed on cylindrical specimens cored across and along the foliation planes: ultrasonic measurements of compressional pulse velocity (UPV), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), point load index (Is(50)), and static elasticity modulus (Es); effective porosity (n), dry unit weight (DUW), and saturated unit weight (?s) sets of the rock specimens were determined. Finally, statistical correlations were performed by regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between UCS and Is(50), UPV, Es; UPV and Is(50), DUW, ?s, n, and Es. 相似文献
5.
Image processing techniques have been frequently used in processing of potential field data. The most important aim in processing potential field data is to figure out the edges of the geological bodies. The Gabor filter was used to determine the discontinuity boundaries of the source bodies causing the magnetic anomalies in this study. The synthetic total magnetic anomaly of three prism bodies with different depths and orientations was used to test the effect of the Gabor filter on the magnetic data. In addition, the Gabor filter was applied on the reduction to the pole aeromagnetic field data of the Marmara Sea and the results were compared with the fault distribution map of the area prepared by various authors. 相似文献
6.
Magnetic susceptibility and heavy-metal contamination in topsoils along the Izmit Gulf coastal area and IZAYTAS (Turkey) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The study on topsoil contamination due to heavy metals was carried out by using the Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements in Izmit industrial city, northern Turkey. We attempted to investigate correlations between the concentration of selected heavy metals and the MS from 41 sample sites around Izmit Gulf. These investigations let us quantify and standardize the MS method, which may have consequences for long term monitoring of anthropogenic pollution, especially in urban areas. The MS surfer contour map based on the topsoil measurements was compiled with a randomly ranged distance density. The soil samples collected throughout the industrial areas, the parks, road sides and residential areas were also analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Heavy metals Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb show strong correlations with MS, while Zn and Co show a weak correlation with MS. Moreover, the Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI) shows insignificant correlation with the MS.The MS was examined vertically (0–30 cm) with respect to anthropogenic and/or lithogenic influences at the fourteen sample sites. The maximum values were mostly observed in depths of 2–5 cm and the MS values on the depth profiles vary between 10 × 10? 8 m3 kg? 1 and 203 × 10? 8 m3 kg? 1. The study revealed that MS is an inexpensive, fast and non-destructive method for the detection and mapping of contaminated soils. 相似文献
7.
Tropospheric ozone concentrations, which are an important air pollutant, are modeled by the use of an artificial intelligence structure. Data obtained from air pollution measurement stations in the city of Istanbul are utilized in constituting the model. A supervised algorithm for the evaluation of ozone concentration using a genetically trained multi-level cellular neural network （ML-CNN） is introduced, developed, and applied to real data. A genetic algorithm is used in the optimization of CNN templates. The model results and the actual measurement results are compared and statistically evaluated. It is observed that seasonal changes in ozone concentrations are reflected effectively by the concentrations estimated by the multilevel-CNN model structure, with a correlation value of 0.57 ascertained between actual and model results. It is shown that the multilevel-CNN modeling technique is as satisfactory as other modeling techniques in associating the data in a complex medium in air pollution applications. 相似文献
8.
Kurtulus Atasever Shogo Inanaga Toru Takeuchi Yuki Terazawa Oguz C. Celik 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(15):1640-1661
There has been an increasing interest in using residual deformation as a seismic performance indicator for earthquake resistant building design. Self-centering braced structural systems are viable candidates for minimizing residual deformations following a major earthquake. Hence, this study proposes an alternative type of buckling restrained brace (BRB) with externally attached posttensioned (PT-BRB) carbon fiber composite cables (CFCCs). The steel core of the brace is used as an energy dissipator, whereas the CFCCs provide the self-centering force for minimizing residual story drifts. Three proof-of-concept specimens are designed, fabricated, and cyclically tested at different posttensioning force levels. The CFCC behavior to obtain cyclic response, including the anchorage system, is examined closely. A parametric study is also conducted to show the effect of the different configurations of PT-BRBs on the inelastic response. Furthermore, optimal brace parameters are discussed to realize design recommendations. The results indicated that the implementation of partially self-centering BRBs in building frames can lead to the target residual displacements. A stable behavior is obtained for the proposed PT-BRBs when subjected to the loading protocol specified in the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 2016 Seismic Provisions. 相似文献
9.
Comparison of Extraction Procedures for Assessing Soil Metal Bioavailability of to Wheat Grains 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Agricultural soils have been analyzed to elucidate whether the trace metal distribution changes in relation to agricultural activities and to predict environmental risk. In addition to the extractability of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils was compared by single extraction (hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), calcium chloride (CaCl2), water (H2O)), and sequential extraction procedures. The modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure (three‐step) used to extraction of metals in soil samples. The extraction capacity of the analyzed metals was found by using single extraction procedures in the order: HCl > EDTA > DTPA > CaCl2 > H2O. A single correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between extractable metal concentrations in soil solutions and metal accumulation in wheat grains. Simple correlation analyses indicated that the extractable Pb and Ni of soils by HCl, EDTA, and DTPA single extraction procedures were significantly correlated with the metal contents of wheat grains. For CaCl2, H2O, and BCR extraction procedures there was a relatively poor correlation between the extractable Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn of soils and metal contents of wheat grains. 相似文献
10.
The ability of artificial neural networks (ANN) to model the rainfall-discharge relationships of karstic aquifers has been
studied in the La Rochefoucauld karst system, south-west France, which supplies water to the city of Angoulême. A neural networks
model was developed based on MLP (multi-layer perceptron) networks and the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. Raw
rainfall data were used without transformation into effective rainfall. This allowed for the elimination of certain non-verifiable
simplifying assumptions and their subsequent introduction into the modeling procedure. The raw rainfall and discharge data
were divided into three groups for the training, the validation and the prediction test of the ANN model. The training and
validation phases led to a very satisfactory calibration of the ANN model. The attempt to predict discharges showed that the
ANN model is able to simulate the karstic aquifer discharges. The shape of the simulated hydrographs was found to be similar
to that of the actual hydrographs. These encouraging results make it possible to consider interesting and new prospects for
the modeling of karstic aquifers, which are highly non-linear systems.
Resumen Se ha estudiado la capacidad de las redes artificiales neurales (ANN) para modelizar las relaciones de lluvia-descarga de acuíferos kársticos en el sistema kárstico La Rochefocauld, al suroeste de Francia, el cual abastece de agua a la ciudad de Angoulême. Se desarrolló un modelo de redes neurales en base a redes MLP (Perceptron Multi-Capas) y el algoritmo de optimización Levenberg-Marquardt. Se utilizaron datos de lluvia sin la transformación hacia lluvia efectiva. Esto permitió la eliminación de ciertos supuestos simplificadores no verificables y su subsiguiente introducción en el procedimiento de modelizado. Los datos brutos de descarga y lluvia se dividieron en 3 grupos para la preparación, validación y la prueba de predicción del modelo ANN. Las fases de preparación y validación llevaron a una calibración muy satisfactoria del modelo ANN. El intento por predecir descargas mostró que el modelo ANN es capaz de simular las descargas del acuífero kárstico. Se encontró que la forma de los hidrogramas sintéticos es similar a la de los hidrogramas reales. Estos resultados alentadores hacen posible considerar prospectos nuevos e interesantes para el modelizado de acuíferos kársticos los cuales son sistemas altamente no-lineares.
Résumé L’aptitude des réseaux de neurones artificiels (RNA) à modéliser les relations pluie-débit des aquifères karstiques a été évaluée sur le karst de La Rochefoucauld (Sud-Ouest de la France), qui fournit l’eau potable à la capitale régionale Angoulême. Un modèle RNA a été développé à cet effet, basé sur les réseaux PMC (Perceptron Multicouche) et l’algorithme d’optimisation de Levenberg-Marquardt. Les données de pluie utilisées concernent la pluie brute, sans transformation en pluie efficace, ce qui permet de s’affranchir de certaines hypothèses simplificatrices non vérifiables. Les données de pluie brute et de débit ont été réparties en 3 groupes pour l’apprentissage, la validation et le test de prédiction du RNA. Les phases d’apprentissage et de validation ont permis d’aboutir à une calibration très satisfaisante du modèle RNA. La tentative de prédiction a montré que le RNA est apte à simuler les débits de l’aquifère karstique à partir de la pluie brute. La forme des hydrogrammes simulés est semblable à celle des hydrogrammes réels. Les résultats obtenus sont très encourageants et permettent d’envisager des perspectives intéressantes et nouvelles de modélisation des aquifères karstiques, qui sont des systèmes hautement non-linéaires.相似文献