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排序方式: 共有249条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Kyle T. Alfriend Srinivas R. Vadali Hanspeter Schaub 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,81(1-2):57-62
Satellites flying in formation is a concept being pursued by the Air Force and NASA. Potential periodic formation orbits have been identified using Hill's (or Clohessy Wiltshire) equations. Unfortunately the gravitational perturbations destroy the periodicity of the orbits and control will be required to maintain the desired orbits. Since fuel will be one of the major factors limiting the system lifetime it is imperative that fuel consumption be minimized. To maximize lifetime we not only need to find those orbits which require minimum fuel we also need for each satellite to have equal fuel consumption and this average amount needs to be minimized. Thus, control of the system has to be addressed, not just control of each satellite. In this paper control of the individual satellites as well as the constellation is addressed from an astrodynamics perspective. 相似文献
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3.
ABSTRACT Environmental sustainability and the long-term wellbeing of Māori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) are interdependent and degradation of landscapes risks the progressive degradation of Māori wellbeing. The present study developed an analysis framework based on Ki Uta Ki Tai (holistic-mountains to the sea- management philosophy advocated by Ngāi Tahu) for exploring relationships between landcover and Māori values to enable predictions of cultural values through space and time. We used this framework to predict how two Māori values (Overall Health and Cultural Land Use) have been altered as a result of landcover change between 2001–2012 in three Canterbury catchments. The area of native vegetation declined while exotic pasture increased between 2001–2012, and there were corresponding declines in both cultural health scores. These results suggest that the change in landcover has reduced the ability of the landscape to support Māori values. This framework for assessing changes in Māori values with respect to changing environmental conditions may identify opportunities for Māori to better engage in land use management decisions. 相似文献
4.
Kyle D. Squires Hidekatsu Yamazaki 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1995,42(11-12)
The effect of small-scale turbulence on marine and aquatic particle transport has traditionally been to act as a means for creating homogeneous distributions. However, previous numerical simulations of heavy particle transport in turbulent flows have shown that particles are preferentially concentrated by turbulence and that effects of preferential concentration are most pronounced for particle parameters comparable to the Kolmogorov scales. Therefore, the focus of the present work is examination of the preferential concentration of marine particles. Application of Kolmogorov scaling indicates that effects of preferential concentration may be important for marine particles with diameters of order 1 mm in the upper mixed layer. Numerical simulations of unstratified isotropic turbulence are then used to support the notion that preferential concentration of particles possessing material characteristics representative of those encountered in marine environments can occur. In the simulations, particles of order 1 mm diameter are idealized as rigid spheres with a density ratio of 1.005. Simulation results demonstrate preferential concentration with peak particle number densities ranging from 10 to 60 times the global mean value. Implications of preferential concentration are also discussed, together with the limitations of the approach employed in the present study. 相似文献
5.
Robert Gilbert Sarah Crookshanks Kyle R. Hodder John Spagnol Roland B. Stull 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(4):737-745
Severe rainfall in mid October, 2003 produced the largest floods in almost a century of record on rivers in the Cordillera
of southwestern British Columbia. Sediment deposited in Lillooet Lake as a result of this event is clearly distinguished by
stratigraphy, colour, texture, magnetic properties, and organic content. Each of these physical properties is related to the
lacustrine processes, especially turbid underflow, that distributed the sediment through the lake. The flood, which lasted
less than a week, delivered 8–12 times the amount of sediment that accumulates in most entire years in the deepest, central
parts of the lake. Recognition of events of this type in the stratigraphic record offers a means of assessing the changing
nature of extreme hydroclimatic events, and their relation to more ubiquitous, lower-energy processes. 相似文献
6.
Kyle P. Larson Dawn A. Kellett John M. Cottle Alfredo Camacho Alex D. Brubacher 《地学学报》2020,32(2):151-158
The Tibetan plateau is host to numerous ~N‐S striking graben that have accommodated E‐W directed extension. The development of these structures has been interpreted to reflect a variety of different geological processes including plateau collapse, oroclinal bending or mid‐to‐lower crustal flow. New 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology and quartz c‐axis data from the Thakkhola graben of west‐central Nepal show that E‐W extension was ongoing at least locally by the early Miocene (ca. 17 Ma). Our new, and previously published chronologic information on the initiation of graben across the orogen shows that they typically developed immediately after cessation of the South Tibetan detachment system, a structural network that facilitated differential southward movement of the upper and middle crust. We interpret this fundamental switch in orogen kinematics to reflect recoupling of the middle and upper Himalayan crust such that the subsequent widespread flow of the mid‐to‐lower crust out of the system to the east forced brittle accommodation in the upper crust. 相似文献
7.
Fractal analysis of long-range paleoclimatic data: Oxygen isotope record of pacific core V28-239 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R/S analysis of the oxygen isotope curve of Pacific core V28-239 yields a fractal dimension of 1.22. This value is considered to characterize global climatic change over the last 2 million years as expressed by changing O18 ratios and confirms that climatic variations are characterized by long-term persistence. The fractal dimension of 1.22 compares favorably with the approximate fractal dimension of 1.26 for annual precipitation records for nine major cities in the United States. Although the precipitation and oxygen isotope data are measured in different physical units and recorded at different time scales, fractal analysis allows for a mathematical comparison of the two phenomena. Additionally, since the fractal dimensions of the oxygen isotope and precipitation records are similar, it is implied that such fractal dimensions are characteristic of climate change over the spectral range of 10 to 106 years. Given this temperature curves based on fractal parameters of long-term O18 data could be constructed which would allow examination of characteristics of temperature variation over tens and hundreds of years. Such studies may allow the establishment of limits on natural temperature variation and document the persistence of temperature trends through time. If these trends and limits can be resolved, long-range climatic prediction is feasible. 相似文献
8.
William I. Rose Raymond L. Chuan Werner F. Giggenbach Philip R. Kyle Robert B. Symonds 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1986,48(4):181-188
Airborne correlation spectrometry (COSPEC) was used to measure the rate of SO2 emission at White Island on three dates, i.e., November 1983, 1230 ± 300 t/d; November 1984, 320 ± 120 t/d; and January 1985, 350 ± 150 t/d (t = metric tons). The lower emission rates are likely to reflect the long-term emission rates, whereas the November 1983 rate probably reflects conditions prior to the eruption of December 1983. The particle flux in the White Island plume, as determined with a quartz crystal microbalance/cascade in November 1983, was 1.3 t/d, unusually low for volcanic plumes. The observed plume particles, as shown from scanning electron microscopy, include halite, native sulfur, and silicates and are broadly similar to other volcanic plumes.Gas analyses from high-temperature volcanic fumaroles collected from June 1982 through November 1984 werde used together with the COSPEC data to estimate the flux of other gas species from White Island. The rates estimated are indicative of the long-term volcanic emission, i.e., 8000–9000 t/d H2O, 900–1000 t/d CO2, 70–80 t/d HCl, 1.5–2 t/d HF, and about 0.2 t/d NH3. The long-term thermal power output at White Island is estimated at about 400 MW. 相似文献
9.
In 1982 and 1983 a surficial geology and overburden geochemistry survey was carried out on the Sisson Brook Mining Licence in York County, about 55 km northwest of Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.On the Sisson Brook Mining Licence three zones of W-Mo-Cu mineralization have been outlined; Zones I and II contain mainly wolframite with chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite, whereas Zone III has mainly scheelite and molybdenite.The glacial history of the area was studied during 1982 and 1983 to provide a framework for interpreting the geochemical results. Ice movement varied from 160° ± 10° towards the south during the Main Bantalor phase (maximum ≈ 13,500 y.B.P.) to 130° ± 10° toward the southeast during the Late Bantalor phase. Rapid changes in dominant pebble lithologies occur immediately upon crossing bedrock contacts. This suggests a very short distance of transport on the property. The glacier, butted against the Nashwaak Ridge, quickly sheared bedrock debris up into the body of the ice by compressive flow. Upon melting, some of this debris was deposited a short distance from source. Some debris appears to have been sheared up higher into the ice sheet, transported over the Nashwaak Ridge, and deposited approximately 8 km down-ice with no interconnecting dispersal train.In 1982, a geochemical orientation survey was carried out to determine which element(s) and sample medium could best and most economically be used in the search for W-Mo-Cu mineralization. Within the property area, both whole till <2000 μm (−10 mesh) samples and heavy mineral concentrates clearly defined the zones of mineralization (W, Mo, Cu) and associated geochemical dispersal trains (W, Mo, Cu, As, F). In later work, samples were not analyzed for As and F because this provided no additional information. The geochemical contrast between values in whole till samples derived from subcropping mineralization and those derived from barren bedrock is adequate to outline mineralization. Geochemical analysis of the whole till was used in later work because the sample preparation costs are considerably lower than those for heavy-mineral concentrates. Soils were not used because trace element patterns were diffuse, with the highest values occurring at variable distances down-ice from mineralization.In 1983, the objective was to better define glacial dispersal from the known mineralization and to explore for additional mineralization. Data from this program indicates a W dispersal train in whole till samples 300–400 m long. Tungsten values up to 1400 ppm and Mo values up to 260 ppm in whole till occur immediately down-ice from the main subcropping W-Mo mineralization. The element associations (i.e. W-Mo-Cu and W-Mo) in the till reflect the elemental composition of the source mineralization (i.e. Zones I and II and Zone III).Backhoe trenching is a useful and cost-effective technique to expose Quaternary sediments. Examination of the overburden sections provides an understanding of the glacial history which aids in tracing geochemical dispersal trains up-ice to bedrock source. 相似文献
10.
Yongjun Gao Jochen Hoefs Eric Hellebrand Anette von der Handt Jonathan E. Snow 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(4):429-442
Major and trace element profiles of clinopyroxene grains in oceanic gabbros from ODP Hole 735B have been investigated by a
combined in situ analytical study with ion probe, and electron microprobe. In contrast to the homogeneous major element compositions,
trace elements (REE, Y, Cr, Sr, and Zr) show continuous core to rim zoning profiles. The observed trace element systematics
in clinopyroxene cannot be explained by a simple diffusive exchange between melts and gabbros along grain boundaries. A simultaneous
modification of the melt composition is required to generate the zoning, although Rayleigh fractional crystallization modelling
could mimic the general shape of the profiles. Simultaneous metasomatism between the cumulate crystal and the porous melt
during crystal accumulation is the most likely process to explain the zoning. Deformation during solidification of the crystal
mush could have caused squeezing out of the incompatible element enriched residual melts (interstitial liquid). Migration
of the melt along grain boundaries might carry these melt out of the system. This process named as synkinematic differentiation
or differentiation by deformation (Natland and Dick in J Volcanol Geotherm Res 110(3–4):191–233, 2001) may act as an important magma evolution mechanism in the oceanic crust, at least at slow-spreading ridges. 相似文献