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1.
Summary On the basis of the exponential approximation for the distribution of the concentration of molecular oxygen and ozone in given parts of the ionosphere, expressions have been derived for the changes of the dissociative velocity rates of the oxygen components in the ionosphere. The numerical calculations made reveal negligible changes of these rates for heights above 100 km and sufficiently strong variations in the low ionosphere. 相似文献
2.
Kyryl Borissov Serafimov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1965,61(1):152-157
Summary The existence of temperature gradients and temperature variations in the heigh atmosphere change in a big rate the linear dependence between the variation of the maximal electron production in theF1 layer and the relative sunspot number is shown. The variations of the intensity of the ionizing source extremely with the increase of the solar activity. In order to obtain sensible data is necessary to use only the mean of the penetration frequency ofF1 layer in the midday hours of the summer season. 相似文献
3.
Summary A new parameter-equivalent electron density (N
ae)—has been introduced for evaluating the ionospheric condition inD region and the quantitative relations for its determination has been deduced. The new parameter is a function of the absorption and can be determined from a measurement point by a single frequency either by vertical incidence sounding or by registering the field strength for CW transmitter in a frequency range of 0.6–3 mc/s. The equivalent electron density presents a more objective information about the physical condition ofD region in comparison with the absorption itself and proves to be a suitable parameter for the study of the time variations of the ionisation conditions ofD region. 相似文献
4.
5.
M.M. Gogoshev K.B. Serafimov Ts.N. Gogosheva K.M. Kazakov 《Planetary and Space Science》1976,24(3):293-298
The data from observations of the geomagnetic field, ionospheric parameters and atmospheric emissions, carried out at four midlatitude station in Bulgaria are analysed. The observations refer to the geomagnetic disturbance on 28/30 October 1973 (Kpmax = 7) and also to a very quiet period before it. It is shown that all four geomagnetic substorms during the night of 29/30 October influenced the midlatitude F-region. This is indicated by a lowering of the height of the F-region by ca. 50–70 km. Owing to this downward drift of ionisation the dissociative recombination and the intensity of the red line is accordingly increased. As an explanation of this phenomenon we suggest the action of the electric fields, which can at the same time be transported from the magnetosphere to the ionosphere. 相似文献
6.
A. P. Fedotov S. S. Vorobyeva K. E. Vershinin D. K. Nurgaliev I. V. Enushchenko S. M. Krapivina K. V. Tarakanova G. A. Ziborova P. G. Yassonov A. S. Borissov 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,47(4):617-630
We analysed a 620-cm-long sediment record from Lake Kotokel located in East Siberia (Russia) for subfossil diatoms, chironomids
and pollen to provide a reconstruction of the climate history of the area for the last 12.2 kyr. The subfossil records show
differing time lags in their responses to climate change; diatoms and chironomids were more sensitive to climate change than
the pollen record. Changes in the biogenic proxies seem related with changes in insolation, the temperature of the North Atlantic
and solar activity. The chironomids Chironomus plumosus-type and Einfeldia carbonaria-type and the diatom Aulacoseira granulata were interpreted as markers of warm climate condition. The proxy records were divided into four periods (A, B, C and D) suggesting
differing climate in East Siberia during the Holocene. Period D (12.2–9.5 kyr BP) at the beginning of the Holocene, according
to chironomid and diatom records, was characterized by warm climate with summer temperatures close to modern. However, forest
vegetation had not become fully established yet. During Period C (9.5–5.8 kyr BP), the climate seemed to gradually become
colder and wetter from the beginning of Period C to 7 kyr BP. From 7 to 5.8 kyr BP, the climate seemed to remain cold, but
aridity increased. Period B (5.8–1.7 kyr BP) was characterised by frequent and sharp alternations between warm and cold conditions.
Unstable conditions during this time are also registered in records from Lakes Baikal, Khubsugul and various other shallow
lakes of the region. Optimal warm and wet conditions seemed to occur ca. 4 kyr BP. During Period A (the last 1.5 kyr) the
diatom and chironomid records show evidence of cold conditions at 1.5–1 kyr BP, but the forest vegetation did not change significantly. 相似文献
7.
K. B. Serafimov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1968,71(1):15-19
Summary For the temperature of the middle ionosphere (100–180 km) variations proportional to the solar height are supposed with a certain inertia. The coefficients of these variations are computed on the basis of some rocket experiments and the asymetry in the daily variations of the electron density in theE-layer, the intermediateE-F region and theF1-layer. The diurnal vairations of the temperature are obtained for different constant heights. 相似文献
8.
Summary The variations of the initialh E
s
height are investigated in the solar cycle 1957–1968, deriving the regressive dependency:h E
s
=121.4–6·10–2
R referring to the median monthly values at a solar zenith angle =75°. The similar variations ofh
E
s
(R) during the day and night are interpreted as a domination of the sporadic layer formation from a redistribution of the day-time ionization and secondary participation of nightly ionizing sources. The analogous cyclich E
s
andh E variations confirm this conclusion while the seasonal variations in the state of the sporadic layer show outlined dynamical effects. The comparatively not big cyclic variation in the spatial state of theE-region are considered to confirm the predominating ionizing action of the ultraviolet range (933–1038 Å) in the lower part of theE-region, while the soft X-radiation influences mainly the near maximum part of this region. 相似文献
9.
Kyryl Borissov Serafimov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1966,64(1):133-144
Résumé On propose une méthode de détermination de l'ordre du coefficient équivalent de récombinaison en n'utilisant que les données ionosphériques. A cette fin on évalue l'apport de la vitesse des changements passagersdN
m
E/dt dans la densité électroniqueN
m
E. L'évaluation se fait en présence d'une série de valeurs choisies de , on observe laquelle des courbes définis
m
(t) dans cette étude coïncidera de plus près avec
m
(t) mesurée. Les changements de montrés sur la figure 4 sont obtenus de cette manière. La valeur diurne de varie de (0.5÷1) 10–7 cm3 sec–1; peu après le lever et peu avant le coucher du soleil devient >10–7 cm3 sec–1. Lorsque cos>0, d'après la règle décrcit et devient 10–8 cm3 sec–1. Les explications des changements de obtenus de cette manière sont données en rendant compte des changements par rapport aux ions atomiques et moléculaires, à la disparition rapide des ions positifs pendant le coucher du soleil en présence d'un coefficient de récombinaison plus grand et des changements de température eventuels. La symétrie ou l'asymétrie des fréquences critiquesf
0
E quand cos sont égaux permettent dans la marche diurne de juger de l'ordre de . Toutes ces évaluations indiquent également des valeurs de environ 10–7 cm3 sec–1. En précisant des mesures def
0
E il est possible de définir non seulement l'ordre, mais aussi la valeur de elle-même.
Summary A method for the determination of the order of the equivalent recombination coefficient is suggested, by using ionospheric data only. The increase in the speed of temporary changes indN m /dt in the electronic densityN m E is estimated for this purpose. The estimation is done with series of selected for the sake of expediency values of , following at the same time which curves m (t), determined in the course of work, will coincide most closely with the m (t) measured. The changes in , shown in figure 4, have been obtained in this way. The diurnal value of is in the range of (0.5 to 1) 10–7 cm3 sec, being >10–7 cm3 sec a little after sunrise and a little prior to sunset. At cos<0, by rule decreases and becomes 10–8 cm3 sec. Explanations of the changes thus obtained in are indicated, taking into consideration the relation of atomic and molecular ions, the rapid disappearance of positive ions at sunset with a higher recombination coefficient and eventual temperature changes. From the symmetry or asymmetry of the critical frequencies off 0 E at equal cos in the course of the day it can also be judged for the order of . All those estimates show values of in the range of 10–7 cm3 sec. In the case of precise measurements off 0 E, not only the determination of the order but also the real value of is possible.相似文献
10.
K. B. Serafimov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,110(1):2099-2107
Summary Based on data on the lowest reflected frequencyf
min and on information on the lower and upper boundaries of the non-sounded lower ionosphere, an equivalent electron concentration for all concentrations below the correspondingf
min was determined. Day-time variations of the equivalent concentration are investigated, confirming that there is a cosine relation to the solar zenith angle. The power index of that relation has an outlined seasonal course with a maximum in April and October, while the absolute seasonal minimum is during the winter (the summer minimum is slightly outlined). The mean yearly values of the index are almost constant:n
N
0.5 for solaractivity,I
1500 to 115.10–22 W Hz–1 m2. During higher activityn
N
changes correspondingly toI
1500 according to relation (12). The variations ofn
N
during high solar activity show that the altitude gradient and temperature gradient in the low ionosphere are becoming proportional toI
1500 when the solar x-ray radiation exceeds a certain level. The results obtained confirm the reliability of the method developed for employingf
min in aeronomic investigations. 相似文献