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1.
The Effect of the Introduction of the American Species Marenzelleria viridis (Polychaeta; Spionidae) on the Benthic Ecosystem of Vistula Lagoon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. In the late 1980s, a radical change in the macrozoobenthos composition occurred in the Vistula Lagoon, an oligohaline and silted water basin. This structural change is a result of the mass appearance of the very strongly euryhaline spionid polychaete Marenzelleria viridis Verrill, a newcomer from North American estuaries. It considerably reduced the previous bottom macrofauna, which was composed mainly of Chironornidae larvae and oligochaetes.
The penetration depth of the macrozoobenthos into the sediments and its total biomass increased in the last years, which enhanced the organic matter displacement in sediment layers of a greater thickness. The previous bottom dwellers inhabited mainly the most superficial sediment layer, whereas the new polychaete immigrant can penetrate down to a depth of 20–40 cm. 相似文献
The penetration depth of the macrozoobenthos into the sediments and its total biomass increased in the last years, which enhanced the organic matter displacement in sediment layers of a greater thickness. The previous bottom dwellers inhabited mainly the most superficial sediment layer, whereas the new polychaete immigrant can penetrate down to a depth of 20–40 cm. 相似文献
2.
Alan Matthews Helen S. Morgans-Bell Hugh C. Jenkyns Ludwik Halicz 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(14):3107-3123
This study explores the fractionation of iron isotopes (57Fe/54Fe) in an organic-rich mudstone succession, focusing on core and outcrop material sampled from the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation type locality in south Dorset, UK. The organic-rich environments recorded by the succession provide an excellent setting for an investigation of the mechanisms by which iron isotopes are partitioned among mineral phases during biogeochemical sedimentary processes.Two main types of iron-bearing assemblage are defined in the core material: mudstones with calcite ± pyrite ± siderite mineralogy, and ferroan dolomite (dolostone) bands. A cyclic data distribution is apparent, which reflects variations in isotopic composition from a lower range of δ57Fe values associated with the pyrite/siderite mudstone samples to the generally higher values of the adjacent dolostone samples. Most pyrite/siderite mudstones vary between −0.4 and 0.1‰ while dolostones range between −0.1 and 0.5‰, although in very organic-rich shale samples below 360 m core depth higher δ57Fe values are noted. Pyrite nodules and pyritized ammonites from the type exposure yield δ57Fe values of −0.3 to −0.45‰. A fractionation model consistent with the δ57Fe variations relates the lower δ57Fe pyrite and siderite ± pyrite mudstones values to the production of isotopically depleted Fe(II) during biogenic reduction of the isotopically heavier lithogenic Fe(III) oxides. A consequence of this reductive dissolution is that a 57Fe-enriched iron species must be produced that potentially becomes available for the formation of the higher δ57Fe dolostones. An isotopic profile across a dolostone band reveals distinct zonal variations in δ57Fe, characterized by two peaks, respectively located above and below the central part of the band, and decoupling of the isotopic composition from the iron content. This form of isotopic zoning is shown to be consistent with a one-dimensional model of diffusional-chromatographic Fe-isotope exchange between dolomite and isotopically enriched pore water. An alternative mechanism envisages the infiltration of dissolved ferrous iron from variable (high and low) δ57Fe sources during coprecipitation of Fe(II) ion with dolomite. The study provides clear evidence that iron isotopes are cycled during the formation and diagenesis of organic carbon-rich sediments. 相似文献
3.
Under favorable circumstances petrographic studies supported by chemical analysis using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) suffice to establish the provenience of pottery. A case in point is Egyptian-style pottery of Early Bronze Age found in Canaan. The pottery was divided into three groups according to four criteria determined by thin section analysis supplemented by X-ray diffraction: sorting and volume of silt-sized quartz, heavy minerals, the amount of carbonates in the matrix, and the firing temperature. Chemical analyses confirmed the classification. The source materials inferred for the three groups are Nile muds, Egyptian marly sediments, and local loess. Although the chemical analyses obtained by ICP and neutron activation analysis (NAA) were compatible, the existing database for NAA cannot be used indiscriminately. However, for provenience studies based on mineralogical and petrographic data, knowledge of the geology of the potential source areas can replace an extensive database. 相似文献
4.
Z. Reiss B. Luz A. Almogi-Labin E. Halicz A. Winter M. Wolf D. A. Ross 《Quaternary Research》1980,14(3):294-308
The quantitative distribution of planktonic foraminifera, pteropods, and coccolithophorids, as well as oxygen-isotope variations were analyzed in four deep-sea cores from the Gulf of Aqaba (Elat) and the northernmost Red Sea. The core record covers about 150,000 yr. Detailed stratigraphic subdivision is facilitated by combining all calcareous plankton groups. Time-stratigraphic correlation and dating beyond the radiocarbon range are possible by comparison of the oxygen-isotope curves. During the glacial maximum salinity rose to more than 50‰, while winter temperature of the upper waters fell by at least 4°C compared to the present. The rise in salinity can be accounted for by sea-strait dynamics and lowering of sea level. The Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea were continuously connected through the Straits of Tiran, and there is no indication of desiccation during the glacial maximum. 相似文献
5.
Abstract. Planktonic and benthonic foraminifera live in the desert-enclosed, hypersaline and oligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba and northernmost Red Sea near the edge of their ecological tolerance. Marked changes in foraminiferal abundance patterns in the past, resulting from hydrological shifts related to global climatic fluctuations, facilitate a high-resolution ecostratigraphic subdivision of deep-sea records covering the last 150,000 years. Of particular significance are the foraminiferal plankton/benthos ratios, the presence/absence pattern of such species as Globigerinoides sacculifer , as well as the frequency variation of Globigerina bulloules-falconensis, Buliminacea, Miiiolacea and various "rotaliform" species. Paleoceanographic interpretation of the shifts in assemblage composition and of stable oxygen isotope data obtained on planktonic foraminifera and pteropods indicates that during glacial intervals - because of global cooling, lowered sea-level and reduced water exchange at the straits of Bab-el-Mandeb - the temperature of the upper waters fell by about 4–6 o C (to 15–17 o C), salinity rose by about 10%o to more than 50%0 while residence time of the water became longer and the input/output ratio of nutrients became higher. As a consequence, fertility of the photic zone was higher, the organic content of the sediments increased and oxygen levels in the deep basin became reduced. Thus, sea level-oscillations and strait-dynamics played a major role in the foraminiferal paleoecology of the Red Sea. 相似文献
6.
Trace element distribution in waters of the northern catchment area of Lake Linneret,northern Israel
Waters of the northern watershed of Lake Kineret, sampled during the period 1978–1983, were analyzed for their major and trace
element contents. The trace element concentrations of the major water sources of the watershed (the Dan and Banias springs)
represent background values. After emergence, the waters are subjected to human activity. In crossing the populated and cultivated
Hula Basin in man-made canals, the major and trace element contents increase. In comparison to the trace element concentrations,
those of the major elements have narrow ranges and small temporal fluctuations. Trace element concentrations varied by 3 orders
of magnitude, and temporal variations were large but not neccessarily seasonal. Point sources of trace elements were urban
effluents, fish pond wastes, and peat soil drainage. The trace element concentrations decrease in the waters of the last segment
of the Jordan River. All measured trace elements were below the criteria levels established by regulatory agencies. Several,
however, were of the same order of magnitude. Addition of wastes from enhanced recycling, and morphologic modification of
the final course of the Jordan River could result in increase in the trace element concentrations in the water. 相似文献
7.
8.
Measurements of line-of-sight velocities of quiescent and sunspot prominences on the limb made during the years 1966 and 1968 at Swedish Astrophysical Station in Anacapri, Italy are discussed. Several statistical properties of the velocity field, in particular its connection with close McMath plages are investigated. Results are interpreted in terms of oscillatory motion in prominences. 相似文献
9.
Strontium stable isotopes fractionate in the soil environments? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ludwik Halicz Irina Segal Noa Fruchter Mordechai Stein Boaz Lazar 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):406-411
This study shows that the stable isotopic composition of strontium (the 88Sr/86Sr ratio expressed as δ88/86Sr value relative to the NBS987 standard) varies significantly in sedimentary terrestrial environments. The abundances of 86Sr, 88Sr isotopes were analyzed by MC-ICP-MS “Nu Plasma”. All studied rocks and waters show δ88/86Sr values that are distinctly different from the measured NBS987 standard (yielding 0.01 ± 0.05‰, all errors are reported as 2σ). Modern corals from the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea yielded significantly different value than seawater (δ88/86Sr = 0.22 ± 0.07‰, compared to 0.35 ± 0.06‰, respectively), in an excellent correlation with the δ88/86Sr analyses reported by Fietzke and Eisenhauer [Fietzke, J., Eisenhauer, A., 2006. Determination of temperature-dependent stable strontium isotopes (88Sr/86Sr) fractionation via bracketing standard MC-ICP-MS. Geochm. Geophys. Geosyst. 7 (no. 8)] on other coral samples. All carbonate samples that originated in the marine environment: corals (porites and acropora from the northern Gulf of Aqaba); Cretaceous limestone and runoff from the Judea Mountains as well as lacustrine evaporitic aragonite (Dead Sea); and Red Sea and Atlantic seawater yield an average δ88/86Sr value of 0.26 ± 0.1‰. On the other hand, secondary materials (products of chemical weathering) from the terrestrial environment of the Judea Mountain such as terra rossa soil and speleothem calcite (that derives its Sr from the above-lying soil) yielded significantly lower δ88/86Sr value of − 0.17 ± 0.06‰. This indicates that strontium isotopes fractionate in the soil environment calling for a possible development of strontium isotopes as a tracer for processes of chemical weathering and pedogenesis. 相似文献
10.
Sarah Ehrlich Yehudit Harlavan Miryam Bar-Matthews Ludwik Halicz 《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(12):159
Isotope ratios of U and Pb were measured in two types of Mn nodules from the Cambrian Timna Formation, Israel. Type A nodules are mainly composed of pyrolusite and hollandite, with Mn, Ba, Pb and U concentrations of 30–60%, 0.2–2.5%, 0.2–1.0% and 500–3500 ppm, respectively, whereas type B nodules were formed by alteration of the former, and contain mainly coronadite, with Mn, Ba, Pb and U concentrations of 7–48%, 0.2–7%, 0.6–5% and 10–160 ppm, respectively. The isotopic composition of U and Pb was measured by MC-ICP-MS on Mn-rich solutions (up to 100 mg/L) without and with chromatographic separation. The values for the 207/206 and 208/206 ratios have been determined with precisions of up to 50 ppm and those of 206/204, 207/204 and 208/204 – up to 200 ppm. The values for the 234/238 ratios have been determined with precisions of 0.4–1%. The results of the separated and unseparated solutions were shown to be equal within the error. Thus there is no significant matrix effect while measuring U and Pb in Mn rich solution using the MC-ICP-MS.The isotopic composition of Pb and U support the distinction between the two types of Mn nodules. Type A nodules have a wide range of 206Pb/204Pb ratios (18.278–19.776), and an almost constant ratio of 208Pb/204Pb. In contrast, type B nodules have almost constant 206Pb/204Pb ratios and a wide range of 208Pb/204Pb ratios (37.986–38.079). Type A nodules form a linear array on a 207Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb diagram, while type B nodules form a tight group characterized by lower Pb isotope ratios that slightly deviate from the type A array. The 234U/238U ratio differs between the two types of nodules; type A nodules exhibit a uniform and close to equilibrium 234U/238U ratio while type B nodules show a wide range of 234U/238U ratios above and below the equilibrium value. The isotopic composition of Pb in type A nodules might reflect Pb contributions from plutonic rock weathering, exposed at the time of deposition or later, to the Cambrian sea. These nodules have remained unaffected by processes that occurred since the Cambrian. The higher 208Pb/204Pb values of type B indicate that these nodules were formed from a Th-enriched solution probably during epigenetic processes which occurred also during the last 1 Ma.Thus the two isotopic systems of U and Pb can record formation, leaching and redeposition of Mn ores. 相似文献