Ocean storage of nuclear wastes? Experiences from the Russian Arctic     

Champ MA  Gomez LS  Makeyev VM  Brooks JM  Palmer HD  Betz F 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,43(1-6):1-7

An international demonstration (RD&D) project for ocean storage of radioactive wastes should be proposed, to study the feasibility of the concept of ocean storage of nuclear waste. This international project should utilize the scientific, engineering and technical capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, NGOs and industries. This project would need to be an independent (non-governmental) study, utilizing the capabilities of selected universities, oceanographic institutions, environmental NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and industries. Scientists and engineers first need to conduct an engineering, environmental, and economic feasibility study of the concept. The goal of the project would be to determine if ocean-based storage reduced the risks to the environment and public health to a greater degree than land-based storage. This would require comparing the risks and factors involved and making the data and information available to anyone, anywhere, anytime on the internet. The mere presence of an investigation of the ocean storage option could facilitate scientific and engineering competition between the two options, could subsequently reduce environmental and public risks and provide better protection and cost benefits in the system utilized. One of the primary concerns of the scientific community would be related to the sensitivity and precision of the monitoring of individaul containers on the ocean bottom. An advantage of the land-based option is that if there is a release, its presence could be detected at very low levels and be contained in the storage facility. On the ocean bottom, a release from a container might not be easily detected due to dispersion. Therefore the containment system would have to be a system within a system with monitoring between the two providing greater protection. Ocean storage may have greater technical and political hurdles than land-based options, but it may provide greater protection over time, because it negates the threat of terrorism, it therefore merit further study. In the future if the use of nuclear energy and nuclear wastes increases, the global society could benefit from this international project, because it could reduce environmental and public health risks and promote energy independence.  相似文献   

Trace contaminant concentrations in the Kara Sea and its adjacent rivers, Russia.   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J L Sericano  J M Brooks  M A Champ  M C Kennicutt  V V Makeyev 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,42(11):1017-1030

Trace organic (chlorinated pesticides, PCBs, PAHs and dioxins/furans) and trace metal concentrations were measured in surficial sediment and biological tissues (i.e., worms, crustaceans, bivalve molluscs, and fish livers) collected from the Russian Arctic. Total DDT, chlordane, PCB and PAH concentrations ranged from ND to 1.2, ND to <0.1, ND to 1.5 and <20-810 ng g(-1), respectively, in a suite of 40 surficial sediment samples from the Kara Sea and the adjacent Ob and Yenisey Rivers. High sedimentary concentrations of contaminants were found in the lower part of the Yenisey River below the salt wedge. Total dioxins/furans were analysed in a subset of 20 sediment samples and ranged from 1.4 to 410 pg g(-1). The highest trace organic contaminant concentrations were found in organisms, particularly fish livers. Concentrations as high as 89 ng g(-1) chlordane; 1010 ng g(-1) total DDTs; 460 ng g(-1) total PCBs; and 1110 ng g(-1) total PAH, were detected. A subset of 11 tissue samples was analysed for dioxins and furans with total concentrations ranging from 12 to 61 pg g(-1). Concentrations of many trace organic and metal contaminants in the Kara Sea appear to originate from riverine sources and atmospheric transport from more temperate areas. Most organic contaminant concentrations in sediments were low; however, contaminants are being concentrated in organisms and may pose a health hazard for inhabitants of coastal villages.  相似文献   

First Data on the Age (U–Pb,SHRIMP-II) and Composition of Zircon from the Unique Yarega Oil–Titanium Deposit,South Timan     

Krasotkina  A. O.  Skublov  S. G.  Kuznetsov  A. B.  Makeyev  A. B.  Astafjev  B. Yu.  Voinova  O. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,495(2):872-879

Doklady Earth Sciences - Isotope–geochemical study of zircon from leucoxene–quartz sandstone of the Yarega deposit in South Timan was conducted for the first time using the Sensitive...  相似文献   

New Data on the Early Riphean Age (U–Pb,Shrimp-II) of Acid and Basic Effusives of the Gulf of Finland (Sommers Island,Russia)     

Terekhov  E. N.  Skublov  S. G.  Makeyev  A. B.  Morozov  Yu. A.  Levashova  E. V.  Yurmanov  A. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2022,506(1):617-624

Doklady Earth Sciences - This work presents data on the age of the volcanites of Sommers Island located to the south of the submarine extension of the Vyborg massif, as potential comagmates of...  相似文献   

Spatial and seasonal patterns of European short-snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus distribution in island coastal environments     

F Otero-Ferrer  R Herrera  VM Tuset  J Socorro  L Molina 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(3):395-404

This study represents the first report on seahorses in the Macaronesian islands (North-East Atlantic), determining the spatial and seasonal abundance, population structure and physical appearance of European short-snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus. Animals were surveyed off Gran Canaria Island in two bays, Melenara and Sardina del Norte, within three habitats: rocky bottom, artificial substrata and seagrass. Populations were monitored over a 5-year period (spring 2006–winter 2011) using 15-minute visual fast count (VFC) surveys. Seahorses were characterised by low abundances, small proportions of subadults and roughly equal sex ratios at each site. We aimed to determine whether environmental conditions and geographical position could explain differences in seahorse abundance and population structure between the study sites. Melenara Bay (mean sighting rate = 0.44 individuals VFC–¹; SD 0.72) offered protected environments where seahorse distribution varied with substratum type, irrespective of season. Strong hydrodynamic forces in winter affected abundance and size at exposed locations in Sardina del Norte Bay (mean sighting rate=0.21 individuals VFC^?1; SD 0.52). Our findings contribute to the scarce available knowledge about this Data Deficient species (IUCN Red List), helping to establish future conservation strategies and management recommendations for the preservation of H. hippocampus populations around Gran Canaria Island and other localities with similar coastal environments.  相似文献   

俄罗斯极地乌拉尔Сыум-Кеу超基性岩体中的硬玉岩     

MENG FanCong Alexander B.Makeyev YANG JingSui BAI WenJi 《岩石学报》2007,(11)

俄罗斯极地乌拉尔Сыум-Кеу超基性岩体中的硬玉岩呈脉状在以叶蛇纹石为主的蛇纹岩中产出,硬玉岩由硬玉和绿辉石组成,根据硬玉岩的颜色、结构和构造可划分出三个世代,可能对应存在三期硬玉化过程。第一世代硬玉为主体,灰白色,粗粒结构,致密块状,硬玉分子(Jd)含量54%～88%;第二世代硬玉发育在灰白色硬玉中,呈浅绿色,细粒-隐晶结构,细脉状-囊状,硬玉分子(Jd)含量74%～86%;第三世代硬玉呈绿色-深绿色,半透明-透明,中-细粒结构,瘤状。第二、三世代硬玉达到珠宝首饰级,具有较高的商业价值。根据硬玉岩的产状和晶体具有韵律生长环带及流体包裹体发育等特征,认为硬玉岩是在高压低温环境中由富含Na、Al、Si的流体直接结晶形成的。  相似文献   

Y–REE-Rich zircons of the Timan region: Geochemistry and economic significance     

A. B. Makeyev  S. G. Skublov 《Geochemistry International》2016,54(9):788-794

Mineralogical–geochemical studies of zircon from the Ichet’yu occurrence revealed unusually high Y and HREE contents (correlative with the P content) in the inner parts and zones of approximately 10% of the grains. They represent the intermediate members of the zircon–xenotime join with a heterovalent scheme of isomorphism Zr⁴⁺ + Si⁴⁺ → (Y + HREE)³⁺ + P⁵⁺. Geochronological and mineralogical–geochemical data suggest that the Middle Timan basement (the most probable source of zircon of the Ichet’yu occurrence) is made up of the Paleoproterozoic rocks and possibly represents a continuation beneath the Mezen syneclise and Middle Timan of the Paleoproterozoic collisional structure, to which the Arkhangelsk diamond province is confined.  相似文献   

Assessment aspect of contamination of the Arctic estuary ecosystems     

Vladyslav V. Khlebovich  Vladimir V. Ivanov  Vyacheslav M. Makeyev 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,35(7-12):222-225

Estuarine ecosystem may be considered as ‘pulse-targets’ where information about contamination of all-river basin and about scale and forms of contaminants input to the seas is concentrated. The nucleus of the estuarine processes of contaminants transformation and sedimentation is the critical salinity zone. In the real natural conditions of the Arctic the salinity dependent processes are masked by hydrodynamic effect. The tasks of effective chemical and biological monitoring of Russian Arctic estuarine ecosystems are formulated.  相似文献   

Pu, Cs and excess Pb in Russian Arctic sediments     

M. Baskaran  Shaunna Asbill  Peter Santschi  James Brooks  Michael Champ  Dan Adkinson  Matthew R. Colmer  Vyacheslav Makeyev 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1996,140(1-4):243-257

The activity ratios of Pu and radiocesium isotopes have been used to delineate the major sources (such as global and close-in (debris) fallout, nuclear fuel reprocessing and fabrication plant effluents) in the environment. We have measured ²³⁸Pu, ^239,240Pu, ¹³⁷Cs, and excess ²¹⁰Pb concentrations in 107 surficial sediments as well as in 5 sediment cores collected in the summer months of 1993 and 1994 from the Ob and Yenisey Rivers (Russia) and the Kara sea. A comparison of the sediment core inventories of ^239,240Pu and ¹³⁷Cs, along with the ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratios, with those expected from global fallout allows us to estimate the relative amounts, if any, of reactor-derived ²³⁸Pu and ^239,240Pu from the dumped reactor sites in the study area.

In surficial sediment samples collected in 1993 and 1994, the ^239,240Pu concentrations varied between 4.2 and 856 mBq kg⁻¹, with a mean of 239 mBq kg⁻¹. In samples with a measurable ²³⁸Pu, the ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratios varied between 0.010 and 0.069, with an average value of 0.035 ± 0.014. This range can be compared to the average ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratio of 0.030 for the year 1993 from nuclear weapons testing and SNAP fallout obtained from soil studies, indicating very little (≤ 5%) additional sources of ²³⁸Pu to the sediments in the study area. The inventories of Pu in the 5 sediment cores from the study area varied between 2.67 ± 0.67 and 24.5 ± 2.2 Bq m⁻² with a mean value of 8.83 Bq m⁻². The ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in the upper 3 cm of the sediments varied between below detection limit to 71.4 Bq kg⁻¹, with a mean of 14.9 Bq kg⁻¹. The ¹³⁷Cs inventories in the 5 sediment cores varied between 156.7 ± 28.3 and 1600 ± 153.3 Bq m⁻², with a mean value of 583.3 Bq m⁻². The mean ratio of inventories of Pu to that of ¹³⁷Cs, 0.015, is comparable to the values in other places in the Arctic region. There is a significant correlation between total organic carbon and concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs, ^239,240Pu and ²¹⁰Pb, suggesting that organic matter-enriched fine particles are a likely carrier phase for these nuclides. The ratio of ¹³⁷Cs/^239,240Pu also suggests that most of these nuclides are derived from global fallout.  相似文献