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1.
Area usage estimation and spatiotemporal variability in distribution patterns of southern right whales,Eubalaena australis,of southern Brazil 下载免费PDF全文
Eduardo Pires Renault‐Braga Karina Rejane Groch Paulo A. de Carvalho Flores Eduardo R. Secchi Luciano Dalla‐Rosa 《Marine Ecology》2018,39(3)
Southern right whales—Eubalaena australis (Desmoulins, 1822)—migrate seasonally from high‐latitude feeding grounds to coastal breeding and calving grounds at lower latitudes such as the southern coast of Brazil. Understanding how these whales are distributed along the coast is important for monitoring their postwhaling recovery and defining management strategies. In this study, we applied Kernel density estimators to aerial survey data to determine main occurrence and concentration areas of right whales in southern Brazil and investigate inter‐ and intra‐annual distribution patterns between 2003 and 2012. Our results show considerable variation in area usage within and among years, and changes in the general distribution pattern of right whales in the last years of the study. Intra‐annually, higher concentration area tended to expand from July to September and decrease in November. Some areas stood out as high‐density areas for right whales: Ribanceira/Ibiraquera, Itapirubá Sul/Sol, and from Arroio to Gaivota. Some evidences also suggest preferential areas for mother–calf pairs. The higher concentration area of right whales in southern Brazil was estimated at 52,541 km2 and the occurrence area was 682.69 km2, which is the whole study area. As right whale distribution in the region is likely expanding due to this population's current recovery, our study provides essential information for management plan of the Right Whale Environmental Protection Area. 相似文献
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Clay mineralogy and whole-rock stable isotopes (δ18O and δ13C) of Upper Cretaceous marly sediments on the Basque-Cantabrian Basin have been integrated to determine the main effects of diagenesis, palaeoclimate and tectono-sedimentary factors in sections belonging to deep- (Barrika) and platform-marine (Isla de Castro, Villamartín and Olazagutía) settings.The mean values for the clay assemblages and δ18O exhibit notable differences among the sections, partially explainable by the influence of diagenesis. The Barrika sediments, with more diagenetically advanced illite-smectite (I-S) mixed-layer (R1, 70% illite), authigenic chlorite, and low δ18O (−4.05‰ PDB), experienced higher diagenetic grade than Isla de Castro and Olazagutía, which have R0 I-S (20% illite) and heavier δ18O. Villamartín was also affected by higher diagenesis than Isla de Castro and Olazagutía, given the occurrence of R1 I-S (60% illite) and low δ18O (−4.11‰ PDB). However, the absence of other clays in Villamartín (e.g. authigenic chlorite) is indicative of less diagenetic grade than Barrika. These results show the useful integration of clay mineralogy and stable isotopes to detect different diagenetic grades in distinct marine successions of the same basin.Despite being influenced by diagenesis, the clay mineralogy partially preserves its inherited signature. This allows detection of major contents of I-S and mica, and minor kaolinite, interpreted as indicative of warm palaeoclimatic conditions. High kaolinite content in Villamartín and absence of kaolinite in Isla de Castro, though, are considered to be a product of neither diagenesis nor palaeoclimatic influences. Instead, tectono-sedimentary causes, related to unsuitable conditions for clay formation and transport from the local source areas, contributed to original clay differences. The inferred effects of diagenesis, palaeoclimate and tectono-sedimentary factors make this work important to show the potentially great variety of controls on the clay mineralogy of marine sections, which are often uncritically treated in studies concerning the Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
4.
P. M. Amaral J. Cruz Fernandes L. Guerra Rosa 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(6):917-928
Summary This paper describes and discusses the adequacy of Weibull statistical analysis to analyse the bending strength of granite.
The experimental results show that strength variability is related with a specific origin of failure. This conclusion is based
on analysing the influence of the surface condition (extrinsic defects) on the bending strength results treated by the Weibull
statistics. The conclusions drawn from this study have been validated by analysing the results of the critical flaw dimension
estimated by applying the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) formulae. Results obtained from fractographic examination
also have been used to describe the location of the origin of the fracture and understand the distribution of defects; i.e.,
there is a unimodal distribution of defects (intrinsic defects), despite the fact that some outlier values are normally observed
in the fractured surfaces.
Correspndence: P. M. Amaral, Department of Materials Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon,
Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 相似文献
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Jos M. Marques Paula M. Carreira Maria Rosrio Carvalho Maria J. Matias Fraser E. Goff Maria J. Basto Rui C. Graa Luís Aires-Barros Luís Rocha 《Applied Geochemistry》2008,23(12):3278-3289
This paper reviews the geochemical, isotopic (2H, 18O, 13C, 3H and 14C) and numerical modelling approaches to evaluate possible geological sources of the high pH (11.5)/Na–Cl/Ca–OH mineral waters from the Cabeço de Vide region (Central-Portugal). Water–rock interaction studies have greatly contributed to a conceptual hydrogeological circulation model of the Cabeço de Vide mineral waters, which was corroborated by numerical modelling approaches. The local shallow groundwaters belong to the Mg–HCO3 type, and are derived by interaction with the local serpentinized rocks. At depth, these type waters evolve into the high pH/Na–Cl/Ca–OH mineral waters of Cabeço de Vide spas, issuing from the intrusive contact between mafic/ultramafic rocks and an older carbonate sequence. The Cabeço de Vide mineral waters are supersaturated with respect to serpentine indicating that they may cause serpentinization. Magnesium silicate phases (brucite and serpentine) seem to control Mg concentrations in Cabeço de Vide mineral waters. Similar δ2H and δ18O suggest a common meteoric origin and that the Mg–HCO3 type waters have evolved towards Cabeço de Vide mineral waters. The reaction path simulations show that the progressive evolution of the Ca–HCO3 to Mg–HCO3 waters can be attributed to the interaction of meteoric waters with serpentinites. The sequential dissolution at CO2 (g) closed system conditions leads to the precipitation of calcite, magnesite, amorphous silica, chrysotile and brucite, indicating that the waters would be responsible for the serpentinization of fresh ultramafic rocks (dunites) present at depth. The apparent age of Cabeço de Vide mineral waters was determined as 2790 ± 40 a BP, on the basis of 14C and 13C values, which is in agreement with the 3H concentrations being below the detection limit. 相似文献
6.
Rosa Nappi Giuliana Alessio Giovanni Bronzino Carlo Terranova Giuseppe Vilardo 《Natural Hazards》2008,45(1):73-85
In this article the implementation and potential of the Seismotectonic Information System of the Campania Region (SISCam)
are described, in particular an application of this Web-based GIS system to the seismotectonic analysis of the Sannio area
(Southern Apennines) is performed. WEB-GIS technologies greatly contribute to both the environmental monitoring and the disaster
management of areas affected by high natural risks. Specifically the SISCam system has been developed with the aim of providing
easy access and fast diffusion, through Internet technology, of the most significant geological, geophysical, and territorial
data relative to the Campania Region. The Sannio area has been selected as our application example because it is among the
most active seismic regions in Italy. This portion of the Southern Apennines which was hit by the June 5, 1688 strong earthquake
(M
W = 6.7, CPTI 1999) and by some low- and moderate-energy seismic sequences (1990–1992, 1997), is characterized by a complex
inherited tectonic setting and low-tectonic deformation rates that hide the seismogenic sources position. Since this case
study turned out to be complicated, the use of the SIScam WEB-GIS has become indispensable because it allowed us to visualize,
integrate and analyze all the data available, in order to obtain an accurate and direct picture of the seismotectonic setting
of the area. Moreover, a different approach of data analysis was necessary, due to the lack of up-to-date neotectonic and
structural data; therefore, the operation of this GIS system enabled us to process and generate some original informative
layers, through image analysis, such as new structural lineaments represented on a map of the potential active faults of the
area, which has been the final result of our application, as a contribution to new knowledge about the local seismic risk
parameters. 相似文献
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Concern for natural hazard-triggered technological disasters (Natech disasters) in densely populated and industrialized areas
is growing. Residents living in urban areas subject to high natural hazard risk are often unaware of the potential for secondary
disasters such as hazardous materials releases from neighboring industrial facilities, chemical storage warehouses or other
establishments housing hazardous materials. Lessons from previous disasters, such as the Natech disaster during the Kocaeli
earthquake in Turkey in 1999 call for the need to manage low frequency/high consequence events, particularly in today’s densely
populated areas. However, there is little guidance available on how local governments and communities can assess Natech risk.
To add to the problem, local governments often do not have the human or economic resources or expertise to carry out detailed
risk assessments. In this article, we propose a methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas. The
proposed methodology is intended for use by local government officials in consultation with the public. The methodology considers
possible interactions between the various systems in the urban environment: the physical infrastructure (e.g., industrial
plants, lifeline systems, critical facilities), the community (e.g., population exposed), the natural environment (e.g., delicate
ecosystems, river basins), and the risk and emergency management systems (e.g., structural and nonstructural measures). Factors
related to vulnerability and hazard are analyzed and qualitative measures are recommended. Data from hazardous materials releases
during the Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake of August 17, 1999 are used as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the
methodology. Limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed as well as future research needs.
相似文献
Norio OkadaEmail: |
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Abstract. The distribution of the benthic Amphipoda was studied in the brackish-water lagoon Mazoma of Amvrakikos Bay, Ionian Sea, Greece. Eleven amphipod species typical of the sublittoral zone, some with preference for enclosed bays and lagoons, were identified. Gammarus crinicornis, Microdeutopus bifidus, C. rotundirostris , and Erichthonius difformis are mentioned for the first time for Greek waters. The distribution of amphipods in the lagoon is governed by the vegetation and is probably modified by interspecific relations. 相似文献