Lifetimes notes     

Marie-Luise Steinmann-Tietze 《GeoJournal》1995,37(4):557-562

Thanks to E. M. Yates for his support to get this essay into good English shape.  相似文献   

New open-source approaches to the modeling of stellar collapse and the formation of black holes     

C. D. Ott  E. O��Connor  F. Peng  C. Reisswig  U. Sperhake  E. Schnetter  E. Abdikamalov  P. Diener  F. L?ffler  I. Hawke  C. A. Meakin  A. Burrows 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,336(1):151-156

We present new approaches to the simulation of stellar collapse, the formation of black holes, and explosive core-collapse supernova nucleosynthesis that build upon open-source codes and microphysics. We discuss the new spherically-symmetric general-relativistic (GR) collapse code GR1D that is endowed with an approximate 1.5D treatment of rotation, comes with multiple nuclear equations of state, and handles neutrinos with a multi-species leakage scheme. Results from a first set of spinning black hole formation simulations are presented. We go on to discuss the derivative code GR1D+N which is tuned for calculations of explosive nucleosynthesis and includes a NSE/non-NSE equation of state treatment, and a nuclear reaction network. We present sample results showing GR1D+N??s performance in reproducing previous results with thermal-bomb-driven explosions. Finally, we introduce the 3?+?1 GR Zelmani core collapse simulation package and present first results obtained in its application to the 3D modeling of failing core-collapse supernovae.  相似文献   

The Mangrove Ecosystem of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia): Observations on Regeneration and Trace Metals in Sediment     

Laura Perdomo  Ingo Ensminger  Luisa fernanda Espinosa  Carola Elster  Mnica Wallner-kersanach  Marie-Luise Schnetter 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,37(8-12):393-403

Alteration of water flows and consequent hypersalinization caused the death of nearly 70% of mangroves at the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia. Efforts to rehabilitate the ecosystem have been made through the construction of freshwater channels. Mangrove recovery was observed along a freshwater channel and at a small lagoon behind the beach ridge. Factors identified in this study influencing mangrove regeneration are: salinity of surface water, duration and height of flooding, leaching property of soils, dispersal of propagules and presence of fertile trees. Besides mangrove regeneration, a notable extension of freshwater plants was observed in the channel. Trace metal concentrations in sediments from the Magdalena River and its area of influence were investigated before the complete opening of the first channel. A relative comparison indicated that the highest concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn were above international recommended limits. However, metal concentrations found in sediments at Clarín Channel did not affect the mangrove recovery.  相似文献