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Th. E. Wong Th. H. M. van Doorn B. M. Schroot 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1989,78(1):319-336
The Callovian to Ryazanian (late Middle Jurassic to earliest Cretaceous; here referred to as »Late Jurassic«) sediments of the Dutch Central North Sea Graben, comprising the Central Graben and Scruff Groups, form several potential reservoirs. Source rocks are present within both these groups and the Carboniferous and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.The structural development of the area is illustrated by a number of cross-sections. A structural subdivision has been made into platform, intermediate platform, outer graben, and inner graben. The complex history of rifting, wrench-faulting, halokinesis, and structural inversion strongly influenced the palaeogeography and ensuing sandstone developments. A few selected burial-history plots are presented as examples of the relationship between the structural subdivision and the hydrocarbon potential of the area.
Zusammenfassung Die Sedimente des Callov bis zum Ryazan (oberer Mitteljura bis unterste Kreide, hier als »Oberjura« bezeichnet) des zentralen niederländischen Nordsee-Grabens, der den Zentralgraben und die Scruff-Gruppe umfaßt, stellen mehrere potentielle Erdölspeichergesteine dar. In jeder dieser beiden Gruppen sowie im Karbon und von der Obertrias bis zur Unterkreide existieren Speichergesteine.Die strukturelle Entwicklung des Gebietes wird anhand mehrere Profile veranschaulicht. Außerdem schien eine Untergliederuntg in Plattform, Zwischenplattform, äußerer sowie innerer Graben sinnvoll. Die komplexe Entwicklungsgeschichte, die durch Riftingphasen, Wrench-Tektonik, Halokinese und Strukturinversion bestimmt wurde, hat die Paläogeographie und die resultierende Sandsteinbildung intensiv beeinflußt. Eine Anzahl ausgewählter Darstellungen der Geschichte der Sedimentüberlagerung dienen als Beispiele für den Zusammenhang zwischen den strukturell bestimmten Untergruppen und dem Kohlenwasserstoffpotential des Untersuchungsgebietes.
Résumé Dans le secteur néerlandais du Graben Central de la Mer du Nord, plusieurs réservoirs potentiels sont constitués par les sédiments calloviens à ryazaniens (ensemble allant du sommet du Jurassique moyen au Crétacé inférieur et désigné ici par «Late Jurassic»). Ces sédiments comprennent le groupe du Graben central et le groupe de Scruff. Des rochesmères existent dans chacun de ces deux groupes ainsi que dans le Carbonifère et dans la série Trias terminal-Eojurassique.La constitution structurale de cette région est illustrée par une série de coupes. On distingue, au point de vue structural: une plate-forme, une plate-forme intermédiaire, un graben externe et un graben interne. L'histoire géologique complexe, avec ses processus de rifting, de décrochement, d'halokinèse et d'inversion structurale, s'est répercutèe de manière significative sur la paléogéographie et, par voie de conséquence, sur l'extension des faciès arénacés. Quelques reconstitutions de l'histoire sédimentaire sont présentées à titre d'exemple de manière à illustrer la relation entre les unités structurales et le potentiel en hydrocarbure de la région.
, Scruff, -. Callov Ryazan/ ; « »/. - / . . , , . , , . , .相似文献
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The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: The importance of landscape pattern 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Martha M. Bakker Gerard Govers Anne van Doorn Fabien Quetier Dimitris Chouvardas Mark Rounsevell 《Geomorphology》2008,98(3-4):213
The response of erosion and sediment export to past land-use change has been studied in four agricultural areas of Europe. Three of these areas were subject to land abandonment or de-intensification and one to intensification of land-use practices. Erosion and sediment yield were modeled using the WaTEM/SEDEM model, which combines the RUSLE equation with a sediment routing algorithm. Spatial relationships between the RUSLE C-factor (i.e. land-use) and other erosion and sediment export-determining factors (slope, soil erodibility and distance to rivers) were investigated, as these account for non-linearity in the response of erosion and sediment export to land-use change.Erosion and sediment export have decreased enormously in the de-intensified areas, but slightly increased in the intensively cultivated area. The spatial pattern of land-use change in relation to other erosion and sediment export-determining factors appears to have a large impact on the response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change. That the drivers of abandonment of arable land and erosion coincide indicates that de-intensification leads to a more favourable landscape pattern with respect to reduction of erosion and sediment export. This mechanism applies not only within the study areas, but also among the European study areas where the process of intensification of some areas and de-intensification of others might result in an overall decrease of erosion and sediment yield through time. 相似文献
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Alexander Meneses Walter Vergara Keisuke Hanaki Mickiel Doorn Eudes Hernández Marcos Gryshek Alfred Grunwaldt Alejandro Deeb 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(9):788-797
Greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector account for only 4% of the total production, with wastewater management accounting for accurately 8 to 10% of this contribution. Wastewater disposal and treatment activities, mainly contributes to non‐CO2 gases such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Capturing or avoiding these emissions is thus both a concern and an opportunity. The clean development mechanism (CDM) offers an instrument to internalize global climate concerns into the design of wastewater treatment facilities. Properly designed facilities could improve effluent quality and optimize the abatement of greenhouse gas emissions, thus ensuring additional revenues to pay for capital, operation and maintenance costs and possibly justify higher levels of wastewater treatment. This document summarizes the experience of the “Rio Frio CDM project” in Colombia, as an example of what is achievable through the CDM application in wastewater treatment upgrade in developing countries. This document summarizes the scope of the project, the methodology used to establish current greenhouse emissions and future reductions, and the estimated financial results. 相似文献
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R.J. Lisle H.E. Rondeel D. Doorn J. Brugge P. van de Gaag 《Journal of Structural Geology》1983,5(6):603-609
A method of strain analysis is described which takes into account a possible competence difference between the strain markers and the rest of the rock. Using data consisting of the sectional shapes and orientations of groups of inclusions from conglomerate-like rocks, limits are placed on the possible effective viscosity contrast between the inclusions and the rock as a whole as well as on the bulk finite strain suffered by the rock. These results are calculated using a computer program, based on the theory for the deformation of elliptical cylinders. The method can be considered an extension of the Rf/φ method, but provides more information and involves less restrictive assumptions. 相似文献
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Rainfall interception by tree crown and leaf litter: An interactive process 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xiang Li Qingfu Xiao Jianzhi Niu Salli Dymond E. Gregory McPherson Natalie van Doorn Xinxiao Yu Baoyuan Xie Kebin Zhang Jiao Li 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3533-3542
Rainfall interception research in forest ecosystems usually focuses on interception by either tree crown or leaf litter, although the 2 components interact when rainfall occurs. A process‐based study was conducted to jointly measure rainfall interception by crown and litter and the interaction between the 2 interception processes for 4 tree species (Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis represented needle‐leaf species, and Quercus variabilis and Acer truncatum represented broadleaf species) at 3 simulated rainfall intensities (10, 50, and 100 mm hr?1). Results indicated that (a) crown and litter interception processes incorporated 3 phases: the dampening phase, the steady saturation phase, and the postrainfall drainage phase, but the dampening phase for litter interception usually lasted 30 min longer than for crown interception; (b) the maximum and minimum interception storage (C max and C min ) for the crown were 0.63 and 0.36 mm on average, and litter C max and C min were 5.38 and 2.36 mm, respectively; (c) generally, crown and litter C max and C min increased when gross precipitation increased significantly (p < .05) from 10 to 100 mm; and (4) crown C max and C min for needle‐species were 1.8 and 1.2 times larger than broadleaf species, whereas broadleaf litter showed the opposite, its C max and C min were 2.0 and 1.6 times larger than needle‐leaf litter on average; however, no significant differences were observed in crown and litter C max and C min between species on per leaf area and litter thickness basis. Results were normalized by total leaf area and litter thickness to provide a way to scale up from young trees to mature forests. Overall, rainfall interception was affected by biotic and abiotic factors together and could be quantified via multiple linear regression functions. 相似文献
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