Simulation of adaptive optics for the Vacuum Tower Telescope     

Anita Enmark  Thomas Berkefeld  Oskar von der Lühe  Torben Andersen 《Experimental Astronomy》2006,21(2):87-99

A simulation model of the adaptive optics of the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, is presented. The model uses modules from the integrated model of the Euro50 extremely large telescope, and includes submodels of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, a de-formable mirror, a tip-tilt mirror, high-voltage amplifier low-pass filters, a reconstructor and a controller. We investigate the impact on the closed loop bandwidth of changes in controller configuration and certain system parameters, such as low pass filter bandwidth and camera integration and readout time. Control strategies were tested on simple models before implementation on the full VTT model. Using the models, different control strategies are compared.  相似文献   

Longitudinal dispersion compensation for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer     

Samuel Lévêque  Bertrand Koehler  Oskar von der Lühe 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1996,239(2):305-314

The Very Large Telescope Interferometer [1,13] will be operated in air which will introduce small optical path fluctuations due to internal turbulence [4,6] and dispersion effects. Both may contribute to fringe contrast decrease. Longitudinal dispersion effects can be corrected by inserting an appropriate glass of variable thickness in one arm of the interferometer [3,5,11,12]. This paper presents a new method applied to VLTI in order to select the optimum glass, according to both the observing wavelength and the spectral bandpath, and to calculate its thickness. Results are presented in terms of improvement on the fringe contrast.  相似文献   

Reconstruction of sea level pressure fields over the Eastern North Atlantic and Europe back to 1500   总被引：3，自引：7，他引：3  

J. Luterbacher  E. Xoplaki  D. Dietrich  R. Rickli  J. Jacobeit  C. Beck  D. Gyalistras  C. Schmutz  H. Wanner 《Climate Dynamics》2002,18(7):545-561

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Mediterranean summer air temperature variability and its connection to the large-scale atmospheric circulation and SSTs   总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3  

E. Xoplaki  J. F. González-Rouco  J. Luterbacher  H. Wanner 《Climate Dynamics》2003,20(7-8):723-739

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On the dynamics of photochemical smog over the Swiss Middleland — Results of the first POLLUMET field experiment     

H. Wanner  T. Künzle  U. Neu  B. Ihly  G. Baumbach  B. Steisslinger 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1993,51(1-2):117-138

Summary The Swiss Middleland is a 300×50 km large plain embedded between the Jura, whose highest elevations are between 1000 and 2000m MSL, and the Alps, whose highest peaks are about 400m MSL. Because this plain is the main residence area of Switzerland with a great variety of emission sources, it is also a location with high photosmog concentrations during the summer months.Within the framework of the Swiss POLLUMET (Air Pollution and Meteorology) programme, an initial summer smog field experiment was carried out during July 1990 with the participation of different research groups from Switzerland and Germany. The measurements showed that the ozone concentrations within the atmospheric boundary layer were remarkably variable. The highest concentrations in the upper mixed layer varied between 100 and 130 ppb. The background ozone concentration in the upper atmospheric boundary layer increased from day to day. However, a clear indication of long-range transport could not be found. Remarkable local and regional concentration differences are not only based on the complex structure of the large emission sources (highways, urban plumes). They are also the result of the interaction of convectively driven motion systems like slope and valley winds and mountain-plain circulation.With 14 Figures  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Oskar Wanner  Peter Perret 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(2):198-198

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The Late Maunder Minimum (1675–1715) – A Key Period forStudying Decadal Scale Climatic Change in Europe     

J. Luterbacher  R. Rickli  E. Xoplaki  C. Tinguely  C. Beck  C. Pfister  H. Wanner 《Climatic change》2001,49(4):441-462

The Late Maunder Minimum (LMM, 1675–1715) denotes the climax of the `Little Ice Age' in Europe with marked climate variability. Investigations into interannual and interdecadal differences of atmospheric circulation between the LMM and the period 1961–1990 have been performedand undertaken based upon sea level pressure (SLP) difference maps, empiricalorthogonal function (EOF) analysis, and objective classification techniques. Since the SLP during the LMM winterwas significantly higher in northeastern Europe but below normal over the central and western Mediterranean, more frequent blocking situations were connected with cold air outbreaks towards central and eastern Europe. Springs were cold and characterized by a southward shift of the mid-latitude storm tracks. Summers in western, central Europe and northern Europe were wetter and slightly cooler than they are today due to a weakerAzores high and a more southerly position of the mean polar front axes. Autumns showed a significantly higher pressure over northern Europe and a lower pressure over continental Europe and the Mediterranean, an indication of an advanced change from summer to winter circulation. It is suggested that the pressure patterns during parts of the LMM might be attributed to the combination of external forcing factors (solar irradiance and volcanic activity) and internal oscillations and couplings in the North Atlantic.  相似文献   

Unterwasserbeobachtungen im sublitoralen Solfatarenfeld von Vulcano (Äolische Inseln,Italien)     

Oskar Schulz 《Mineralium Deposita》1970,5(3):315-319

Zusammenfassung Unterwasserbeobachtungen im sublitoralen Solfatarenfeld von Vulcano brachten Einzelheiten über die verschiedene Gestaltung des Meeresbodenreliefs im Bereich der Gasaustritte und über die Anlagerung von kolloidalem Schwefel. Die Befunde werden anhand mehrerer Unterwasserphotographien erläutert und es wird auf die Ähnlichkeit der rezenten Bodengestaltung mit gewissen aus triadischen Pb-Zn-Erzlagerstätten bekannten Gefügen hingewiesen. Hinweise auf Flora und Fauna im Bereich der submarinen Vulkanexhalationen ergänzen die Untersuchungen.

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Underwater studies in the sublitoral field of solfataras of Vulcano revealed details on the relief of the sea bottom in areas with volcanic exhalations and on the deposition of colloidal sulphur. The observations made are illustrated by several underwater photographs. The similarity between the recent shape of the ground and certain fabrics known from Triassic Pb-Zn- ore deposits is pointed out. These studies are supplemented by short data on the abundant flora and fauna in the area of the submarine volcanic exhalations.

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Power spectrum,structure function,vertical wind shear,and turbulence in troposphere and stratosphere     

Prof. Dr. Oskar Essenwanger  Prof. Dr. Elmar R. Reiter 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1969,18(1-2):17-24

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The formation of asymmetric Stokes V profiles in the presence of a magnetopause     

Steiner  Oskar 《Solar physics》2000,196(2):245-268

A magnetopause that separates two regimes of different flow, additional to the separation of a magnetic field from a field-free plasma, gives rise to the formation of asymmetric Stokes profiles. Using a simple two-layer model atmosphere, where one layer comprises a magnetic field, the other being field-free, it is shown by analytical derivation that a wide variety of Stokes V profiles can be produced, having amplitude asymmetries a in the range –a. These include two-humped V profiles, which have two lobes of equal sign. For the most simple models, the asymmetry depends on the ratio of continuum intensity to the Planck radiation intensity of the magnetic layer at the wavelength of the spectral line under consideration, and on the line depth. Two-humped profiles (|a|>1) require the temperature of the magnetic layer to surpass the temperature of the line-core forming region, implying a temperature inversion, so that the V profile is partially in emission. The confrontation of this formation scenario with properties of observed one-lobe profiles of quiet-Sun network regions is inconclusive due to insufficient spatial resolution and lack of a sufficient sample of simultaneously recorded Stokes spectral lines of varying line depths. It seems, however, to be in good agreement with the observed frequent occurrence of abnormal V profiles of the very strong Nai D ₂ and D ₂ spectral line. A possible observational verification for the present formation scenario of abnormal Stokes V profiles and a novel method of Stokes inversion are discussed.  相似文献