排序方式： 共有9条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Zhou Lei Esteban Rougier Antonio Munjiza Hari Viswanathan Earl E. Knight 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(9):1724-1743
In this work, we propose a novel hydraulic solver in order to simulate key mechanisms that control fluid-driven cracks in the framework of the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM). The main innovative aspect of the present work is the independence of the fluid's critical time step size with the fracture opening. This advantage is extremely important because it means that very fine meshes can be used around areas of interest, such as boreholes, without penalizing the computational cost as fractures propagate (ie, open) and the fluid flows through them. This is a great advantage over other recently introduced approaches that exhibit a dependency of the time step in the form of Δtcrit ∝ (l/a)2 where l is the element size and a is the fracture aperture. This paper presents a series of benchmark cases for the proposed solver. The rationale adopted by the authors was to benchmark and validate the implementation of the hydraulic solver in an incremental fashion, starting from the simplest cases and building in complexity. The results shown in this work clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to reproduce analytical results for fluid flow through a single crack. The results presented in this paper also demonstrate that the new approach is robust enough to deal with complex fracture patterns and complex geometries; the obtained fluid-driven fracture patterns in the vicinity of a borehole certainly stand to the scrutiny of human visual perception. 相似文献
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Billet J Rougier H 《Revue de géographie alpine / publieé par l'Institute de géographie alpine (Université de Grenoble)》1984,72(1):9-20
Recent demographic trends in the Alpine areas of Switzerland are examined. Areas of population loss and gain are identified, and the importance of tourism for areas experiencing population growth is established. Efforts to support the demographic and economic viability of mountain areas are described. 相似文献
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Rey Vincent Dufresne Christiane Fuda Jean-Luc Mallarino Didier Missamou Tathy Paugam Caroline Rougier Gilles Taupier-Letage Isabelle 《Ocean Dynamics》2020,70(7):913-933
Ocean Dynamics - A dense network of instruments has been deployed within harbors along the Mediterranean coast, in the Toulon Metropole area, between the Hyères islands and the Sanary Bay in... 相似文献
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Humberto C. Godinez Esteban Rougier Dave Osthus Zhou Lei Earl Knight Gowri Srinivasan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):30-44
Fracture propagation plays a key role for a number of applications of interest to the scientific community, from dynamic fracture processes like spallation and fragmentation in metals to failure of ceramics, airplane wings, etc. Simulations of material deformation and fracture propagation rely on accurate knowledge of material characteristics such as material strength and the amount of energy being dissipated during the fracture process. Within the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) framework material fracture behavior is typically described through a parametrized softening curve, which defines a stress-strain relationship unique to each material. We apply the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test to explore how each of these parameters influences the simulated damage processes and to determine the key input parameters that have the most impact on the model response. We present several sensitivity numerical experiments for the simulation of a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test for weathered granite samples using different combinations of model parameters. We validate the obtained results against SHPB experimental data. The experiments show that the model is mostly sensitive to parameters related to tensile and shear strengths, even in the presence of other parameter perturbations. The results suggest that the specification of tensile and shear strengths at the interfaces dominate the stress-time history of the FDEM simulation of SHPB test. 相似文献
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Credible climate predictions require a rational quantification of uncertainty, but full Bayesian calibration requires detailed estimates of prior probability distributions and covariances, which are difficult to obtain in practice. We describe a simplified procedure, termed precalibration, which provides an approximate quantification of uncertainty in climate prediction, and requires only that uncontroversially implausible values of certain inputs and outputs are identified. The method is applied to intermediate-complexity model simulations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and confirms the existence of a cliff-edge catastrophe in freshwater-forcing input space. When uncertainty in 14 further parameters is taken into account, an implausible, AMOC-off, region remains as a robust feature of the model dynamics, but its location is found to depend strongly on values of the other parameters. 相似文献
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Jonathan Rougier 《Climatic change》2007,81(3-4):247-264
This paper describes an approach to computing probabilistic assessments of future climate, using a climate model. It clarifies
the nature of probability in this context, and illustrates the kinds of judgements that must be made in order for such a prediction
to be consistent with the probability calculus. The climate model is seen as a tool for making probabilistic statements about
climate itself, necessarily involving an assessment of the model’s imperfections. A climate event, such as a 2^C increase in global mean temperature, is identified with a region of ‘climate-space’, and the ensemble of model evaluations
is used within a numerical integration designed to estimate the probability assigned to that region. 相似文献
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We report the first record of anilioids from southern South America, a region where they do not live today. The fossils come from the Allen Formation (Late Campanian–Early Maastrichtian) at Bajo Trapalcó and Bajo de Santa Rosa localities, Río Negro province, Argentina. The remains consist of several vertebrae, most of which belong to the mid–posterior precloacal region of the column. Comparisons to other extant and extinct anilioid taxa indicate that these remains represent a new taxon, Australophis anilioides gen. et sp. nov. Australophis is morphologically closer to Palaeocene Hoffstetterella from Brazil and extant South American Anilius than to any other snake. These taxa might be closely related, in which case they would represent a lineage distinct from that including Cylindrophis and uropeltids. The two lineages must have diverged by the Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
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