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Mohammady Majid Pourghasemi Hamid Reza Yousefi Saleh Dastres Emran Edalat Mohsen Pouyan Soheila Eskandari Saeedeh 《Natural Resources Research》2021,30(6):4861-4884
Natural Resources Research - Habitat suitability modeling and mapping are important aspects of long-term strategies for sustaining plant ecosystems. In this study, seven state-of-the-art machine... 相似文献
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Ningaloo Reef, located along the northwest coast of Australia, is one of the longest fringing coral reefs in the world extending ~300 km. Similar to other fringing reefs, it consists of a barrier reef ~1–6 km offshore with occasional gaps, backed by a shallow lagoon. Wave breaking on the reef generates radiation stress gradients that produces wave setup across the reef and lagoon and mean currents across the reef. A section of Ningaloo Reef at Sandy Bay was chosen as the focus of an intense 6-week field experiment and numerical simulation using the wave model SWAN coupled to the three-dimensional circulation model ROMS. The physics of nearshore processes such as wave breaking, wave setup and mean flow across the reef was investigated in detail by examining the various momentum balances established in the system. The magnitude of the terms and the distance of their peaks from reef edge in the momentum balance were sensitive to the changes in mean sea level, e.g. the wave forces decreased as the mean water depth increased (and hence, wave breaking dissipation was reduced). This led to an increase in the wave power at the shoreline, a slight shift of the surf zone to the lee side of the reef and changes in the intensity of the circulation. The predicted hydrodynamic fields were input into a Lagrangian particle tracking model to estimate the transport time scale of the reef-lagoon system. Flushing time of the lagoon with the open ocean was computed using two definitions in renewal of semi-enclosed water basins and revealed the sensitivity of such a transport time scale to methods. An increase in the lagoon exchange rate at smaller mean sea-level rise and the decrease at higher mean sea-level rise was predicted through flushing time computed using both methods. 相似文献
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Soheila Taebi Ryan J. Lowe Charitha B. Pattiaratchi Greg N. Ivey Graham Symonds 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(4):585-602
The circulation driven by wave breaking, tides and winds within a fringing coral reef system (Ningaloo Reef) in Western Australia
was investigated using the ocean circulation model ROMS two-way coupled to the wave model SWAN. Currents within the system
were dominantly forced by wave breaking, with flow driven over the shallow reefs and towards the lagoon, which returned to
the ocean through channels in the reef. Hindcast model simulations were compared against an extensive field dataset, revealing
that the coupled wave–circulation model could accurately predict the waves and currents throughout this morphologically complex
reef–lagoon system. A detailed momentum budget analysis showed that, over the reef, a dominant cross-shore balance was established
between radiation stress gradients and a pressure (mean water level) gradient (similar to a beach). Within the lagoon, alongshore
currents were primarily balanced by alongshore gradients in wave setup, which drove flow towards (and ultimately out) the
channels. The importance of these wave-driven currents to Ningaloo Reef was quantified over a full seasonal cycle, during
periods when wave and wind conditions significantly differed. These results showed that wave breaking still overwhelmingly
dominated the circulation and flushing of Ningaloo Reef throughout the year, with winds playing an insignificant role. 相似文献
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Municipal solid waste compost and cattle manure are used as organic fertilizers in agriculture and horticulture. These wastes, however, may also have some negative effects on the agricultural environment. This study investigates the effects of municipal solid waste compost of Kerman (MSC) and cattle manure (CM) on availability of the heavy metal in calcareous soil (extractable with EDTA) in greenhouse conditions. The MSC and CM were mixed thoroughly with soil at rates of 0%, 2%, and 4% of dry matter. After 90 days of incubation, the soil samples were analyzed. Addition of levels of each two organic wastes into soil significantly decreased the soil pH and increased the soil EC as compared with control (unamended soil).The available contents (EDTA-extractable) of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cu in the soil samples were increased because of each two organic treatments applied. The heavy metal contents in the soil samples amended with MSC were more than CM. The heavy metal contents of organic wastes were well below the maximum allowed by USEPA. It is recommended that in Iran, the legal maximum permissible limit for heavy elements in organic wastes must be determined. 相似文献
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Natural Resources Research - In the Gachsaran Formation, the casing pipes driven into a number of wells have collapsed within a short span of time in one of the southwest fields of Iran. The casing... 相似文献
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