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1.
Surface complexation modeling of Cu(II) adsorption on mixtures of hydrous ferric oxide and kaolinite
Tracy J Lund Carla M Koretsky Christopher J Landry Melinda S Schaller Soumya Das 《Geochemical transactions》2008,9(1):9
Background
The application of surface complexation models (SCMs) to natural sediments and soils is hindered by a lack of consistent models and data for large suites of metals and minerals of interest. Furthermore, the surface complexation approach has mostly been developed and tested for single solid systems. Few studies have extended the SCM approach to systems containing multiple solids. 相似文献2.
3.
The Hassi R’Mel field, which is the largest gas field in Algeria, produces principally gas condensate. The produced gas and oil comes from four reservoirs of Triassic age (reservoir A, reservoir B, reservoir C, and the Lower Series). All the previous studies in this field focused only on the upper reservoirs (A, B, and C), which have shown an excellent petrophysical properties. However, due to the presence of shale facies as well as volcanic intrusions, the Lower Series reservoir has been less explored. Thus, our study is mainly focused on this Lower Series in order to find the best sandy levels. The aim of this paper was to determine the facies types in the area, their distribution in the southern area of the Hassi R’Mel gas field, and their depositional environment. The Triassic rocks in this field are divided into four formations. From the youngest to oldest, these are S4, Lower Shale, Horizon A, and the Lower Series. The Lower Series formation can be further divided into three members (shaly sandstone, andesite, and lower shale). The shaly sandstone member within the Lower Series is composed of four units that are present all over the study area with an important pinch-out toward the northern part. The depositional environment within the defined units is a braided fluvial system in the southern part that evolves into a meandering fluvial system toward the north. Thus, the study area is considered to be a transitional zone between two depositional systems. 相似文献
4.
5.
Spatio‐temporal prediction and forecasting of land surface temperature (LST) are relevant. However, several factors limit their usage, such as missing pixels, line drops, and cloud cover in satellite images. Being measured close to the Earth's surface, LST is mainly influenced by the land use/land cover (LULC) distribution of the terrain. This article presents a spatio‐temporal interpolation method which semantically models LULC information for the analysis of LST. The proposed spatio‐temporal semantic kriging (ST‐SemK) approach is presented in two variants: non‐separable ST‐SemK (ST‐SemKNSep) and separable ST‐SemK (ST‐SemKSep). Empirical studies have been carried out with derived Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images of LST for two spatial regions: Kolkata, India and Dallas, Texas, U.S. It has been observed that semantically enhanced spatio‐temporal modeling by ST‐SemK yields more accurate prediction results than spatio‐temporal ordinary kriging and other existing methods. 相似文献
6.
Coda of local earthquakes that occurred during 2006–2007 are used to study the attenuation characteristics of the Garhwal–Kumaun
Himalayas. The coda attenuation characteristics are represented in terms of coda Q or Q
c
. It is observed that Q
c
increases with frequency. Q
c
also varies with increase in lapse time of coda waves. Q
c
increases up to an 85-s average lapse time. This is similar to observations around the world reported by many workers who
have interpreted this as a manifestation of the fact that heterogeneity decreases with depth. However, around a 90-s average
lapse time Q
c
is lower than its values for lower and higher average lapse times. This is interpreted as an indication of possible presence
of a fluid-filled medium or a medium having partial melts at around a 160-km depth. Q
0, i.e., Q
c
at 1 Hz, increases, and frequency parameter n decreases with increasing lapse time, barring around a 90-s lapse time. This
again shows that in general, heterogeneity decreases with increasing depth. The Q
0 and n values for smaller lapse times are similar to those for tectonically active areas. By comparing Q
c
values obtained in this study with those obtained by us using the 1999 Chamoli earthquake aftershocks, it is concluded that
the crust is turbid and the mantle is more transparent. However, whether the variation in Q
c
values between 1999 and 2006–2007 is temporal or not cannot be definitely established from the available data set. 相似文献
7.
B. Siva Soumya M. Sekhar J. Riotte Amlan Banerjee Jean-Jacques Braun 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(7):2311-2335
Hydrogeological and climatic effect on chemical behavior of groundwater along a climatic gradient is studied along a river basin. ‘Semi-arid’ (500–800 mm of mean annual rainfall), ‘sub-humid’ (800–1,200 mm/year) and ‘humid’ (1,200–1,500 mm/year) are the climatic zones chosen along the granito-gneissic plains of Kabini basin in South India for the present analysis. Data on groundwater chemistry is initially checked for its quality using NICB ratio (<±5 %), EC versus TZ+ (~0.85 correlation), EC versus TDS and EC versus TH analysis. Groundwater in the three climatic zones is ‘hard’ to ‘very hard’ in terms of Ca–Mg hardness. Polluted wells are identified (>40 % of pollution) and eliminated for the characterization. Piper’s diagram with mean concentrations indicates the evolution of CaNaHCO3 (semi-arid) from CaHCO3 (humid zone) along the climatic gradient. Carbonates dominate other anions and strong acids exceeded weak acids in the region. Mule Hole SEW, an experimental watershed in sub-humid zone, is characterized initially using hydrogeochemistry and is observed to be a replica of entire sub-humid zone (with 25 wells). Extension of the studies for the entire basin (120 wells) showed a chemical gradient along the climatic gradient with sub-humid zone bridging semi-arid and humid zones. Ca/Na molar ratio varies by more than 100 times from semi-arid to humid zones. Semi-arid zone is more silicaceous than sub-humid while humid zone is more carbonaceous (Ca/Cl ~14). Along the climatic gradient, groundwater is undersaturated (humid), saturated (sub-humid) and slightly supersaturated (semi-arid) with calcite and dolomite. Concentration–depth profiles are in support of the geological stratification i.e., ~18 m of saprolite and ~25 m of fracture rock with parent gneiss beneath. All the wells are classified into four groups based on groundwater fluctuations and further into ‘deep’ and ‘shallow’ based on the depth to groundwater. Higher the fluctuations, larger is its impact on groundwater chemistry. Actual seasonal patterns are identified using ‘recharge–discharge’ concept based on rainfall intensity instead of traditional monsoon–non-monsoon concept. Non-pumped wells have low Na/Cl and Ca/Cl ratios in recharge period than in discharge period (Dilution). Few other wells, which are subjected to pumping, still exhibit dilution chemistry though water level fluctuations are high due to annual recharge. Other wells which do not receive sufficient rainfall and are constantly pumped showed high concentrations in recharge period rather than in discharge period (Anti-dilution). In summary, recharge–discharge concept demarcates the pumped wells from natural deep wells thus, characterizing the basin. 相似文献
8.
Soumya Mazumdar Ludovico Pinzari Nasser Bagheri Paul Konings Federico Girosi Ian McRae 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(6):1379-1390
Primary Care is fundamental to a well‐functioning health system. Various geographical small areas including specialized geographies such as Primary Care Service Areas (PCSAs) are used to measure primary care relevant outcomes and services, or to target interventions. PCSAs are small areas, the majority of patients resident in which obtain their primary care services from within the geography. The extent of this self‐sufficiency of use is measured by the Localization Index (LI). PCSAs have been built in the US, Australia and Switzerland using an allocation algorithm, which, while simple and easy to implement, may require the use of various ad‐hoc parameters. In this article we propose an optimization based approach to creating PCSAs, ‐ an approach which has previously been used to generate labour flow regions in Ireland. The approach is data driven, thus requiring a minimal number of ad‐hoc parameters. We compared the resulting PCSAs (or `rPCSAs') with PCSAs generated using the traditional allocation algorithm. We found that rPCSAs were generally larger, offered greater LIs and reflected patient travel patterns better than traditional PCSAs. Accounting for the larger size of rPCSAs showed that rPCSAs offered better LIs than similar sized traditional PCSAs. 相似文献
9.
Chandra Sagarika Kumar Praveen Siingh Devendraa Roy I. Victor N. Jeni Kamra A. K. 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(1):57-68
Physical phenomena observed before strong earthquakes have been reported for centuries. Precursor signals, which include radon anomalies, electrical signals, water level changes and ground lights near the epicenter, can all be used for earthquake prediction. Anomalous negative signals observed by ground-based atmospheric electric field instruments under fair weather conditions constitute a novel earthquake prediction approach. In theory, the abnormal radiation of heat before an earthquake produces fair weather around the epicenter. To determine the near-epicenter weather conditions prior to an earthquake, 81 global earthquake events with magnitudes of 6 or above from 2008 to 2021 were collected. According to Harrison's fair weather criteria, in 81.48% of all statistical cases, the weather was fair 6 h before the earthquake; in 62.96% of all cases, the weather was fair 24 h before the event. Moreover, most of these cases without fair weather several hours before the earthquake were near the sea. Among the 37 inland earthquakes, 86.49% were preceded by 6 h of fair weather, and 70.27% were preceded by fair weather for 24 h. We conclude that the weather near the epicenter might be fair for several hours before a strong earthquake, especially for inland events.
相似文献10.
Pramila Kumari Misra Sagarika Panigrahi P. Somasundaran 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):229-237
The floatability of silica has been determined by adsorbing various concentrations of a series of polyoxyethylated nonyl and octyl alkyl phenols of varying oxyethylene units (10–40 units) to investigate the role of adsorbed layer. It is seen that the floatability of silica increases with increase in concentration till a maximum of 90% in premicellar region and then decrease to minimum of 40–45% in all cases in spite of the significant differences in adsorption densities. Zeta potential measurement reveals that a thin oxyethylene layer is formed at silica–water interface masking silica surface (Pramila K. Misra, P. Somasundaran, J. Surf. Deterg., Vol. 7, 2004, 373). This layer with oxyethylene units lying on silica surface and alkyl chain dangling to the bulk solution provides the same extent of hydrophobicity. The decrease in flotation recovery has been attributed to increase in the solvent hydrophobicity due to formation of premicellar aggregates and micelles. 相似文献