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Mohammed Ilyas Arunsala Pandy Mohd. Suhaimi Jaafar 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,40(2):111-121
The South-East Asian region experienced a haze episode in 1994 which was widely believed to be due to widespread forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Indonesia). Broadband measurements of the surface level solar ultraviolet-B, UV-A and Global radiation at Penang (Malaysia) are used to study the effect of the 1994 haze on effective UV-B irradiance. We find that during the haze episode, there is enhanced absorption of surface level UV-B radiation. The effect of haze on UV-A and Global radiation is much less. The reduction in absolute noon time UV-B irradiance (mostly cloud free) during the 1994 haze period was 23% relative to the UV-B irradiance during thecorresponding haze-free period in 1995. Even though the noon time radiation data minimizes the cloud effect in the results presented some cloud effect is still present. 相似文献
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Sangeun Lee Suhaimi Abdul-Talib Heekyung Park 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(2):213-227
Numerous publications document increasing consensus in the scientific community that climate change will increase the severity
and frequency of drought. However, constructing large infrastructures is often viewed as an unreliable and inefficient option
in dealing with the problem of drought, owing to unpredictability of climate change. This study aims at illustratively presenting
that there is much room to improve drought management without resorting solely to infrastructure options. The adaptiveness
concept is first explained to examine the reasons of failure in drought management and appropriate options from the viewpoint
of a systems approach. Thereafter, a Korean water scarcity case is defined as the system dynamics model. The model is implemented
to include movement of water via the reservoir and water supply facilities, the operating rules of the reservoir, and the
relation between water scarcity and customer stress. Simulation results demonstrate that adaptiveness of drought management
was low because of untimely or limited options of the reservoir operator. They also show that most customer stress could be
largely mitigated by two options chosen from the adaptiveness concept. It is finally concluded that drought management needs
to be addressed with consideration of the adaptiveness concept before deciding solely on expansion of infrastructure upon
facing challenges due to climate change. 相似文献
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Suhaimi Suratman Keith Weston Naomi Greenwood David B. Sivyer David J. Pearce Tim Jickells 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
The aim of this study was to investigate the cycling of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients using moored instrumented buoys (SmartBuoys) during the spring bloom in the North Sea. The instrumentation on the buoys enabled high frequency measurements of water-column integrated irradiance and in situ chlorophyll to be made, and also preserved water sample collection which were used for dissolved inorganic and organic nutrient analyses. The SmartBuoys were located in the year-round well-mixed plume zone associated with the River Thames and in the summer stratified central North Sea. These site locations allowed comparison of nutrient concentrations and cycling, and spring bloom development at two contrasting sites. The spring bloom was expected to be initiated at both stations due to increasing insolation and decreasing suspended load leading to higher water-column integrated irradiance. Due to differences in suspended load between the sites, the spring bloom started ∼2 months earlier in the central North Sea. The spring bloom in the Thames plume also resulted in higher maximum phytoplankton biomass due to the higher pre-bloom nutrient concentrations associated with riverine input. The use of SmartBuoys is also shown to allow the cycling of dissolved organic nutrients to be examined over the critical, and often undersampled, spring bloom period. Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) clearly increased during the spring bloom in the central North Sea compared to winter concentrations. DON also increased in the Thames plume although showing greater winter variability related to higher riverine and sedimentary dissolved organic matter input at this shallow (∼18 m) coastal site. DON increase during the spring bloom was therefore related to primary production at both sites probably due to active release by phytoplankton. At both stations DON decreased to pre-bloom concentrations as the bloom declined suggesting the released DON was bioavailable and removed due to heterotrophic uptake and production. The preserved nutrient samples from the central North Sea site were also suitable for Dissolved Organic Phosphorus (DOP) analysis due to their low suspended load with similar trends and cycling to DON, albeit at lower concentrations. This suggested similar processes controlling both DON and DOP. The variable timing of short term events such as the spring bloom makes sampling away from coastal regions difficult without the use of autonomous technology. This study demonstrates for the first time the applicability of using preserved samples from automated buoys for the measurement of dissolved organic nutrients. 相似文献
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Tony Greer Ian Douglas Kawi Bidin Waidi Shun Jadda Suhaimi 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1996,16(1):1-21
Resource development in the form of cyclical commercial logging activities results in a short period of often severe land disturbance followed by a prolonged phase of recovery. The monitoring of catchment sediment yield gives some indication of the gross erosion processes within the catchment as a result of the disturbance and may also effectively measure any ameliorative processes. Studies in Ulu Segama, Sabah, East Malaysia, recorded significant increases in stream suspended sediment loads as a result of logging. Stream loads were derived from a combination of daily sample measurements and storm event sampling using automated liquid samplers. Measured loads were then compared to computed loads from sediment discharge rating sets derived from the actual samples. Application of these ratings in the disturbed catchment initially underestimated sediment loads; however, a progressive overestimation of loads occurred as the catchment vegetation recovered. When using sediment rating curves as a tool to measure catchment erosion rates in disturbed environments, considerable caution has to be used. Vegetation recovery is reflected in the rapid recovery of stream water quality, making it necessary to continually review the rating. 相似文献
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