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The use of reclaimed water and its impact on groundwater quality in the middle and southern parts of the Jordan Valley are investigated. The chemical analyses indicate that nitrate and bacteriological pollution is widespread, and thus, seriously affects groundwater use. During the study, 365 water samples were collected from wells and springs to determine the water chemistry and the extent of nitrate pollution. Three hydrochemical facies are identifed, i. e., (Ca–(Mg)–Na–HCO3), (Ca–Na–SO4–Cl) and (Ca–Na–Cl). The change of facies is accompanied by a gradual increase in the groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS), which is mainly controlled by evaporates and carbonates dissolution in the aquifer matrix. Water analyses indicate that the shallow aquifer in the study area is affected by non‐point pollution sources, primarily from natural (manure) and chemical nitrogen (N)‐fertilizers and treated wastewater used for agriculture. The concentration of nitrate in the groundwater ranges from 10 to 355 mg/L. Considerable seasonal fluctuations in groundwater quality are observed as a consequence of agricultural practices and other factors such as annual rainfall distribution and the Zarqa River flow. The noticeable levels of total coliform and Escherichia coli in the northern part of the study area may be attributed to contamination from the urban areas, intensive livestock production, and illegal dumping of sewage. Heavy metal concentrations in all samples were found to be significantly lower than the permissible limits for drinking water standards. 相似文献
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Spatial assessment of salinity and nitrate pollution in Amman Zarqa Basin: a case study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mustafa Al Kuisi Mohammed Al-Qinna Armin Margane Taiseer Aljazzar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(1):117-129
Intensive use of land resources in arid and semi-arid regions exert serious pressures on groundwater resources and jeopardize
further socio-economical developments. The Amman-Zarqa Basin (AZB), the most vital basin in Jordan, is facing recent groundwater
deterioration due to a very large increase in water demands for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. The objectives
of this paper were to quantify the degree of contamination in the basin by evaluating the characteristics, distribution and
seasonal variations of two pollution indicators (nitrate concentration and salinity) and to determine the impacts of human
activities (land use) on groundwater quality. Based upon long-term data (1970–2005) of groundwater samples collected from
538 wells across the AZB, spatial analyses indicated that both indicators have a strong spatial dependence and are anisotropically
distributed. Prediction maps of Ordinary Kriging and Indicator Kriging provided detailed indications of the major and minor
sources of pollution in the basin. Inefficient wastewater treatment plants, industrial activities and agricultural practices
were responsible for 91, 85, and 25% salinization of nearby wells, respectively. Nitrate pollution had reached 73% above threshold
(50 mg/L) in some cases. The temporal analyses estimated the salinity buildup rate to be around 8 × 10−2 μS/cm per day, while nitrate buildup rate was estimated to be around 6 × 10−2 mg/L per day. Remote sensing and spatial analyses helped greatly in groundwater quality assessment not only in providing
the environmental status of the AZB but also in delineating the potential of contamination risk zones and their correlation
to human activities. Furthermore, the paper suggests some environmental protection strategies that should be adopted to protect
the vital groundwater resources of the basin from further deterioration. 相似文献
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