Sanhu depression of Qaidam Basin is the largest biogenic gas production region in China.Headspace samples were collected from two wells in this region,and hydrogen and propylene compounds were detected in these samples with a certain concentration.The stable hydrogen isotope ratio of H 2 is relatively light (-700‰--820‰).The stable carbon isotope ratio of propylene ranges from -27‰ to -40‰,which coincides with the rule of change of the stable carbon isotope of kerogen at the corresponding horizon.The charac... 相似文献
The distribution of two formation pathways of biogenic methane, acetate fermentation and reduction of CO2, has been extensively studied. In general, CO2 reduction is the dominate pathway in marine envi- ronment where acetate is relatively depleted because of SRB consuming. While in terrestrial freshwater or brackish environment, acetate fermentation is initially significant, but decreases with increasing buried depth. In this paper, character of biogenic gases is profiled in the XS3-4 well of the Sebei 1 gas field in the Sanhu depression, Qaidam Basin. It indicates that those two pathways do not change strictly with increasing buried depth. CO2 reduction is important near the surface (between 50 m and 160 m), and at the mesozone (between 400 and 1650 m). While acetate fermentation is the primary pathway at two zones, from 160 to 400 m and from 1650 to 1700 m. δ 13C of methane generated in those two acetate fermentation zones varies greatly, owing to different sediment circumstances. At the sec- ond zone (160-400 m), δ 13C1 ranges from ?65‰ to ?30‰ (PDB), because the main deposit is mudstone and makes the circumstance confined. At the fourth zone of the well bottom (1650-1700 m), δ 13C1 is lighter than ?65‰ (PDB). Because the deposit is mainly composed of siltstone, it well connects with outer fertile groundwater and abundant nutrition has supplied into this open system. The high con- centration of acetate is a forceful proof. δ 13C of methane would not turn heavier during fermentation, owing to enough nutrition supply. In spite of multi-occurrence of acetate fermentation, the commercial gas accumulation is dominated by methane of CO2-reduction pathway. A certain content of alkene gases in the biogenic gases suggests that methanogensis is still active at present. 相似文献
Based on light-use efficiency model, an MODIS-derived daily net primary production (NPP) model was developed. In this model, a new model for the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) is developed based on leaf area index (LAI) and albedo parameters, and a pho- tosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is calculated from the combination of Bird's model with aerosol optical thickness and water vapor derived from cloud free MODIS images. These two models are inte- grated into our predicted NPP model, whose most parameters are retrieved from MODIS data. In order to validate our NPP model, the observed NPP in the Qianyanzhou station and the Changbai Mountains station are used to compare with our predicted NPP, showing that they are in good agreement. The NASA NPP products also have been downloaded and compared with the measurements, which shows that the NASA NPP products underestimated NPP in the Qianyanzhou station but overestimated in the Changbai Mountains station in 2004. 相似文献
The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Hirnantian Stage (the latest stage of the Ordovician System) is defined at a point 0.39m below the base of the Kuanyinchiao Bed in the Wangjiawan North Section, which is the upper most "golden spike" of the Ordovician. However, this "golden spike" is lack of reliable geochronology data. This article gives a sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMPII) zircon U-Pb dating for a K-bentonite sample from the Kuany-inchiao Bed in the Wangjiawan North Section. The age of the K-bentonite sample is 443.2±1.6 Ma, that is to say, the isotopic age of the uppermost of Hirnantian Stage, the point of Ordovician-Silurian boundary, should be near to, but slightly younger than 443.2±1.6 Ma. This age is identical to the Ordovi-cian-Silurian boundary age 443.7±1.5 Ma as declared by International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). So, this research provides some good geochronlogical data for the Hirnantian Stage and the Ordovician-Silurian boundary as well as the global correlation. 相似文献
正Mitigation and adaptation are two complementary strategies for addressing climate change.Comparatively,adaptation has received far less attention than mitigation.In response to observed and future climate change,the currently adopted measures for adaptation are insufficient.Obstacles,constraints,costs and other limitations to adaptation have not been fully recognized(Field et al.,2014). 相似文献
TSR is an interaction between sulfate and hydrocarbons, occurring widely in carbonate reservoirs. Because this process can produce a large amount of noxious acidic gases like H2S, it has drawn seri- ous concern recently. This paper reports an experiment that simulated an interaction between different minerals and hydrocarbon fluids under different temperature and time using a confined gold-tube system. The results showed that the main mineral that initiates TSR is MgSO4, and adding a certain amount of NaCl into the reactive system can also promote TSR and yield more H2S. The H2S produced in TSR is an important incentive for the continuous oxidative degradation of crude oils. For instance, the yield of oil-cracking gases affected by TSR was twice of that not affected by TSR while the yield of TSR-affected methane was even higher, up to three times of that unaffected by TSR. The carbon iso- topes of wet gases also became heavier. All of the above illustrated that TSR obviously motivates the oxidative degradation of crude oils, which makes the gaseous hydrocarbon generation sooner and increases the gas dryness as well. The study on this process is important for understanding the TSR mechanism and the mechanism of natural gas generation in marine strata. 相似文献
The composition of fluid inclusions (FI) often represents the initial geochemical characteristics of palaeo-fluid in reservoir rock. Influence on composition and carbon isotopic composition of gas during primary migration, reservoir-forming and subsequent secondary alterations are discussed through comparing fluid inclusion gas with coal-formed gas and natural gas in present gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin. The results show that primary migration of gas has significant effect on the molecular but not on the carbon isotopic composition of methane. Migration and diffusion fractionation took place during the secondary migration of gas in Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir according to carbon isotopic composition of methane in Fls. Composition and carbon isotopic composition of natural gas were nearly unchanged after the gas reservoir forming through comparing the FI gases with the natural gas in present gas reservoir.
We have combined the analytical data of the carbon isotope distribution pattern, R/Ra and CH4/3He values of abiogenic and biogenic (referring to the thermogenic and bacterial or microbial) alkane gases in China with those of alkane gases from USA, Russia, Germany, Australia and other countries. Four discrimination criteria are derived from this comparative study: 1) Carbon isotopic composition is generally greater than -30‰ for abiogenic methane and less than -30‰ for biogenic methane; 2) Abiogenic alkane gases have a carbon isotopic reversal trend (δ 13C1> δ 13C2> δ 13C3> δ 13C4) with δ 13C1>-30‰ in general; 3) Gases with R/Ra >0.5 and δ 13C11 δ 13C2>0 are of abiogenic origin; 4) Gases (meth- ane) with CH4/3He≤106 are of abiogenic origin, whereas gases with CH4/3He≥1011 are of biogenic origin. 相似文献