Two New Polish Geological-Environmental Reference Materials: Apatite Concentrate (CTA-AC-1) and Fine Fly Ash (CTA-FFA-1)     

Rajmund DYBCZYNASKI  Halina POLKOWSKA-MOTRENKO  Zbigniew SAMCZYNASKI  Zygmunt SZOPA 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1991,15(2):163-185

World-wide intercomparison runs has made possible the certification of two new Polish geological-environmental reference materials for multi-element trace analysis: Apatite Concentrate (CTA-AC-1) and Fine Fly Ash (CTA-FFA-1). "Recommended values' are established for 25 (CTA-AC-1) and 40 (CTA-FFA-1) elements respectively. In addition, "information values' are assigned for 12 elements in CTA-AC-1 and 10 elements in CTA-FFA-1. Our method of data evaluation has been further improved and a modified version of criteria for assigning recommended and information values is proposed.  相似文献   

Characteristics of horizontal macroturbulence due to the currents in the Baltic Sea     

Andrzej Jankowski Ph. D.  Zygmunt Catewicz M. Sc. 《Ocean Dynamics》1984,37(5):173-200

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Compositions,sources and depositional environments of organic matter from the Middle Jurassic clays of Poland     

Leszek Marynowski  Michał Zatoń  Bernd R.T. Simoneit  Angelika Otto  Mariusz O. Jędrysek  Cezary Grelowski  Slawomir Kurkiewicz 《Applied Geochemistry》2007

The comprehensive biomarker characteristics from previously undescribed Middle Jurassic clays of Poland are presented. The molecular composition of the organic matter (OM) derived from clays of Aalenian to Callovian age has not changed significantly through time. High relative concentrations of many biomarkers typical for terrestrial material suggest a distinct dominance of OM derived from land plants. Increasing concentrations of C₂₉-diaster-13(17)-enes towards the northern part of the basin indicate an increase in terrestrial input. This terrestrial material would have originated from the enhanced transport of organic matter from land situated at the northern bank of the basin, i.e., the Fennoscandian Shield. The organic matter was deposited in an oxic to suboxic environment, as indicated by relatively low concentrations of C₃₃–C₃₅ homohopanes, moderate to high Pr/Ph ratio values, an absence of compounds characteristic for anoxia and water column stratification, such as isorenieratane, aryl isoprenoids and gammacerane, as well as common benthic fauna and burrows. δ¹⁸O measurements from calcitic rostra of belemnites suggest that the mean value of the Middle Jurassic sea-water temperature of the Polish Basin was 13.1 °C. It is suggested that this mirrored the temperature of the lower water column because belemnites are considered here to be necto-benthic. The organic matter from the Middle Jurassic basin of Poland is immature. This is clearly indicated by a large concentration of biomarkers with the biogenic configurations, such as ββ-hopanes, hop-13(18)-enes, hop-17(21)-enes, diasterenes and sterenes. The identification of preserved, unaltered biomolecules like ferruginol, 6,7-dehydroferruginol and sugiol in Protopodocarpoxylon wood samples from these sediments present particularly strong evidence for the presence of immature OM in the Middle Jurassic sediments. Moreover, the occurrence of these polar diterpenoids is important due to the fact that they are definitely the oldest known natural products detected in geological samples.  相似文献   

3D structure of the Earth's crust beneath the northern part of the Bohemian Massif   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Mariusz Majda&#x;ski  Elena Kozlovskaya  Marek Grad  SUDETES Working Group 《Tectonophysics》2007,437(1-4):17-36

The SUDETES 2003 wide-angle refraction/reflection experiment covered the area of the south-western Poland and the northern Bohemian Massif. The good quality data that were gathered combined with the data from previous experiments (POLONAISE'97, CELEBRATION 2000) allowed us to prepare a 3D seismic model of the crust and uppermost mantle for this area. We inverted travel times of both refracted and reflected P waves using the JIVE3D package. This allowed us to obtain a model of P-wave velocity distribution as well as the shape of major boundaries in the crust. We also present a detailed uncertainty analysis for both the boundary depths and the velocity field. In doing the uncertainty analysis we found an interesting, strong dependence between uncertainty and inversion scheme (order of used phases). We also compared the model with surface geology and found good correlation between velocity inhomogeneities in the uppermost crust (down to 2 km) and major geological units. The higher velocity lower crust (6.9–7.2 km/s) could result from remelting of the lower crust or magmatic underplating.  相似文献   

Role of inertia in falling head permeability test     

Mariusz Kaczmarek 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2009,33(18):1963-1970

This paper discusses the role of macro‐ and micro‐inertial forces in the falling head permeability test. The model of flow including viscous and dynamic interaction forces is formulated. Then, the model is used to perform numerical simulations of the tests for high‐permeability soils. The presented results prove the existence of a level of permeability of materials above which macro‐and micro‐inertial forces are important and that in all cases the latter forces are dominant. The results suggest limited validity of the standard interpretation of the falling head permeability test and possible usefulness of the test to determine both permeability and the parameter characterizing non‐linear interactions of fluid and solid skeleton. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Types of sedimentary environment in alluvial sediments distinguished on the basis of its chemical constitution: the example of the lower course of the Obra river (Western Poland)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Marcin Słowik  Tadeusz Sobczyński  Zygmunt Młynarczyk 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(5):957-966

Research concerning chemical constitution of alluvial sediments was done in the lower course of the Obra river (Western Poland). The fragment of vertical profile, which consisted of various alluvial sediments (fine sands, peats, and sandy silts) was chosen for detailed analysis. The main research problem was to determine if lithology and chemical constitution of alluvial deposits are interconnected in a distinct way within studied section of the Obra river valley, and, if changes of chemical elements’ concentration could be used to illustrate depositional processes, which take place in riverbed and floodplain. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and K were determined in collected sediment samples. Next, geochemical groups of alluvial sediments were distinguished using cluster analysis. Investigated changes of chemical elements’ concentration show that there is a distinct border between the environment of organic sediments, which marks the place of former functioning of the Obra riverbed, and sandy silts, which were deposited within floodplain during floods. Besides, floodplain sediments, riverbed sediments, and reductive environment within peat deposits were singled out on the basis of the analysis.  相似文献   

A near‐annual palaeohydrological study based on testate amoebae from a sub‐alpine mire: surface wetness and the role of climate during the instrumental period     

Mariusz Lamentowicz  Willem Van Der Knaap  Łukasz Lamentowicz  Jacqueline F. N. Van Leeuwen  Edward A. D. Mitchell  Tomasz Goslar  Christian Kamenik 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(2):190-202

We present the first testate amoeba‐based palaeohydrological reconstruction from the Swiss Alps, and the first depth to the water table (DWT) calibration dataset for this region. Compared to existing models, our new calibration dataset performs well (RMSEP = 4.88), despite the length of the water table gradient covered (53 cm). The present‐day topography and vegetation of the study mire Mauntschas suggest that it is partly ombrotrophic (large Sphagnum fuscum hummocks, one of which was the coring site) but mostly under the minerotrophic influence of springs in the mire and runoff from the surrounding area. Ombrotrophic Sphagnum fuscum hummocks developed at the sampling site only during the last 50 years, when testate amoebae indicate a shift towards dry and/or acid conditions. Prior to AD 1950 the water table was much higher, suggesting that the influence of the mineral‐rich water prevented the development of ombrotrophic hummocks. The reconstructed DWT correlated with Pinus cembra pollen accumulation rates, suggesting that testate amoebae living on the mire and P. cembra growing outside of it partly respond to the same factor(s). Finally, temperature trends from the nearby meteorological station paralleled trends in reconstructed DWT. However, contrary to other studies made on raised bogs of northwestern Europe, the highest correlation was observed for winter temperature, despite the fact that testate amoebae would more logically respond to moisture conditions during the growing season. The observed correlation with winter temperature might reflect a control of winter severity on surface moisture during at least the first part of the growing season, through snow melt and soil frost phenomena influencing run‐off. More ecohydrological work on sub‐alpine mires is needed to understand the relationships between climate, testate amoebae and peatland development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Integral Turbulence Statistics Over a Central European City Centre   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Krzysztof Fortuniak  Włodzimierz Pawlak  Mariusz Siedlecki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2013,146(2):257-276

Atmospheric measurements over 5 years (2005–2010) at two sites in ?ód?, central Poland have been analyzed to develop a better understanding of turbulence in urban areas. Fast response wind velocity, temperature, humidity and CO₂ concentration were measured using sonic anemometers and gas analyzers, placed on narrow masts at 37 and 42 m above the ground. The measurements were used to calculate standard deviations of each parameter, and were then normalized according to local Monin–Obukhov similarity theory and plotted as a function of stability parameter ζ = z′/L. Results for the wind components show typical scaling with a power law with exponent ±1/3 in the free convection limit, and that approaches a constant value close to neutral stratification. For stable conditions, the constant value in the neutral limit remains the same for stability parameters lower than 0.1–0.2, then increases. The normalized standard deviation of temperature fits the ?1/3 law in the free convection limit, approaching a constant value within a stable limit. However, it exhibits hyperbolic characteristics for close to neutral stratification. The normalized standard deviations for humidity and CO₂ concentration exhibit scaling similar to the wind components in the unstable regime and remain constant in the stable domain. The results for the wind components and for temperature are in the range of various functions found in other studies. The absolute values for humidity and CO₂ concentration seem to be slightly higher, but only single examples of such investigations can be found in the literature.  相似文献   

Determination of Ventilation Channels In Urban Area: A Case Study of Wrocław (Poland)     

Arkadiusz Suder  Mariusz Szymanowski 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(6):965-975

Urban areas are among the roughest landscapes in the Earth and its aerodynamical properties are responsible for a lot of processes and phenomena of urban climate, such as surface drag and pollutant dispersion. These properties can be quantitatively expressed by various parameters, with zero plane displacement height (z _d) and roughness length (z ₀) as the most frequently applied. Based on remotely gathered (LIDAR scan) height data and morphometric methods of roughness calculations, the comprehensive procedure to determine ventilation channels in urban area is proposed and implemented on the example from Wroc?aw, Poland. Morphometric analysis of urban structure allowed establishing a proper database of aerodynamic parameters of the city. Then a series of maps of the city showing the distribution of two roughness parameters were prepared. GIS tools were used to carry out the analysis of roughness data, assuming various directions of wind flow. It enabled to determine the locations of potential ventilation paths in the city which, if combined, form large ventilation channels. They may have a significant role in improving air quality and be a valuable source of information for local government responsible for the appropriate development of the city.  相似文献   

Land Surface Temperature Patterns in the Urban Agglomeration of Krakow (Poland) Derived from Landsat-7/ETM+ Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jakub P. Walawender  Mariusz Szymanowski  Monika J. Hajto  Anita Bokwa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2014,171(6):913-940

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