The demographic responses to famine: The case of China 1958–61     

Jowett AJ 《GeoJournal》1991,23(2):135-146

Pre-1949 China was The Sick Man of Asia, The Land of Famine. In 1949 Mao brought the communists to power and in the re-ordered world, all such problems were supposedly overcome — but not so. Thirty years ago China suffered one of the world's worst famines. Over the four years 1958–61, China suffered some 25–30 million more deaths and experienced some 30–35 million fewer births than might have been expected under normal conditions. Yet for almost a quarter of a century there would be few, outside of China, who were aware of the existence let alone the dimensions of the disaster. Access to Chinese census data since the mid-1980s has permitted a preliminary analysis of the demographic impact of the famine.Abbreviations JPRS-CEA-81-128 Joint Publications Research Service, China Economic Affairs Report 128, 1981 - JPRS-CPS-85-028 Joint Publications Research Service. China Report, Political, Sociological & Military Affairs 28, 1985  相似文献   

HY1200声速剖面仪计算测深仪声速改正数方法     

关致和  赵先龙  邵海涛  王莉娜  阮锐  于政 《海洋测绘》2006,26(1):66-67,74

介绍了HY1200声速剖面仪平均声速的定义及应用,以及用平均声速进行测深仪声速改正数的方法和公式。  相似文献   

树脂纸板在牡蛎附苗与养成上的应用     

于业绍  王慧  王鲁民  胡萍  杨星星  关福田 《海洋科学》1995,19(2):13-14

１９８８～１９８９年，作者在山东省海阳县进行树脂涂料器材的采苗和养成筛选试验，取得了一定的效果。１９９０年，将海区试验移到了浙江省乐清湾进行，经过棚架式采苗和浮筏式养殖，附苗密度、生长速度，都能达到生产要求。１９９０年９月４日，对采苗情况进行验收，得到了专家及同行的好评。１９９１年扩大试验到１０００片，与橡皮条交叉分挂在同一棚架上采苗，然后移到同一浮筏上养成。养成期间，几次抽样检测，分别测量其密度和大小。１９９２年４月９日，委托专家和同行再次验收，以检测的结果，推算出一台筏架树脂纸板和一台筏架橡…  相似文献   

新一代智能数字测深仪     

周宏山  关致和  李一达  李胜全  赵先龙  邵海涛 《海洋测绘》2002,22(1):51-53

将计算机和高速DSP处理器引入测深仪，采用低噪声设计以获取高质量的回波，并通过高速DSP处理器实现了实时高精度测深和数据采集。通过功率可控发射机和大动态增益接收机实现了高质量信号的采集，通过全量程数据窗和高精度数据窗的独特设计，既保证了测深的搜索能力，又保证了测量精度，实现了测深控制的智能化。  相似文献   

Inhibition of coral fertilisation and larval metamorphosis by tributyltin and copper     

Negri AP  Heyward AJ 《Marine environmental research》2001,51(1):17-27

Fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of reef-building corals are important life history events leading to recruitment of juvenile corals to reef populations. Little is known of the sensitivity of these early life phases to pollution, or their relative susceptibility to certain toxicants compared with established coral colonies. Inhibition of fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) was assessed in response to solutions of the antifoulants tributyltin (TBT) and copper (Cu) using laboratory-based bioassays. Nominal concentrations that inhibited 50% fertilisation and metamorphosis (IC50) were calculated from 4 h fertilisation and 24 h metamorphosis assays and were based on introduced dose. Cu was most potent towards fertilisation with an IC50 of 17.4 micrograms/l. TBT however, proved more toxic to larval metamorphosis having an IC50 of 2.0 micrograms/l. Inert surfaces coated with either Cu- or TBT-based antifouling paint also inhibited fertilisation and metamorphosis. The degree of inhibition was correlated with surface area of the paint coating. These results indicate fertilisation and metamorphosis of coral can be sensitive to active components of antifouling paints.  相似文献   

循环水槽检定RCM4安德拉海流计流速传感器的几个问题     

曾梅光  关志彬 《南海研究与开发》1997,(2):60-65

简述了循环水槽的结构和技术指标，论述了循环水槽的技术指标能满足检定ＲＣＭ４安德第流计流速传感器的技术要求。检定资料的采集和检定数据的处理方法，最后对使用中的ＲＣＭ４海流计流速传感器检定和循环水槽的性能改造提出了几点建议。  相似文献   

关于重力式码头抗倾稳定安全系数的计算公式     

关铁城 《海岸工程》1989,8(3):60-64

本文主要论述重力式码头抗倾稳定计算中,由于没有考虑墙背与填料的摩擦角,而影响到抗倾稳定安全系数的实际数值。建议在验算重力式码头断面时,如果抗倾稳定是控制条件,则应考虑采用外摩擦角的影响。  相似文献   

干涉声纳系统     

关致和 《海洋测绘》2003,23(2):59-60

最近十几年来 ,详细的海底地形测量发展迅速。海底地形图可以为海洋地理研究、海洋开发和海洋工程提供丰富的信息 ,为大陆架边界确定和专属经济区的划界提供充分的依据。新型海洋测量仪器不断投入使用 ,干涉声纳系统 (又称相干声纳系统 ) ,就是进行高密度、高精度海底地形测量的专用设备。1　干涉声纳系统的特点干涉声纳具有测量效率高、成图质量高、适合各类船只使用的突出特点。(1)测量效率高　干涉声纳可以测量左右两侧各30 0ｍ宽条带内的水深。左、右舷两个换能器波束覆盖的角度可达 30 0°,可以测量到换能器侧方甚至上方的区域。测量覆…  相似文献   

辽宁西部地区铁矿类型及勘查开发方向探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李祥才  张志伟  蒋振和  敖影峰  邵振波  付庆  王刚  玄力  张殿华  关成军  王海富 《华北地质》2008,31(2)

辽宁境内下辽河凹陷以西地区,是晋冀铁矿集中区的东延部分,铁矿资源丰富.根据铁矿成矿地质条件、成矿时代及演化特点,结合近几年勘查开发工作的新进展,认为该地区铁矿床的类型有沉积变质型、沉积型、岩浆型、矽卡岩型和热液型.在寒武纪页岩之下有可能寻找到沉积型铁矿床.在辽西与河北大庙之间的华北地台北缘隆起区,岩浆型铁矿具有较大的找矿潜力,重点靶区为北票松台沟地区,朝阳崔家店地区,建平深井-青风山地区.而沉积变质型铁矿在北票宝国-牛虎头沟,朝阳老西沟,建平大南沟-锅底山、卧龙岗,凌源黑沟等地区的建平岩群中应具有找矿潜力.  相似文献   

Detection of a new interstellar molecular ion, H2COH+ (protonated formaldehyde)     

Ohishi M  Ishikawa SI  Amano T  Oka H  Irvine WM  Dickens JE  Ziurys LM  Apponi AJ 《The Astrophysical journal》1996,471(1):L61-L64

A new interstellar molecular ion, H2COH+ (protonated formaldehyde), has been detected toward Sgr B2, Orion KL, W51, and possibly in NGC 7538 and DR21(OH). Six transitions were detected in Sgr B2(M). The 1(1,0)-1(0,1) transition was detected in all sources listed above. Searches were also made toward the cold, dark clouds TMC-1 and L134N, Orion (3N, 1E), and a red giant, IRC + 10216, without success. The excitation temperatures of H2COH+ are calculated to be 60-110 K, and the column densities are on the order of 10(12)-10(14) cm-2 in Sgr B2, Orion KL, and W51. The fractional abundance of H2COH+ is on the order of 10(-11) to 10-(9), and the ratio of H2COH+ to H2CO is in the range 0.001-0.5 in these objects. The values in Orion KL seem to be consistent with the "early time" values of recent model calculations by Lee, Bettens, & Herbst, but they appear to be higher than the model values in Sgr B2 and W51 even if we take the large uncertainties of column densities of H2CO into account. We suggest production routes starting from CH3OH may play an important role in the formation of H2COH+.  相似文献