The role of schizogenesis in population dynamics of Timarete filigera (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae): 2-years observations in the Port of Bari (South Adriatic Sea)     

Miriam Gherardi  Margherita Sciscioli  Elena Lepore  Giuseppina Todisco  & Adriana Giangrande 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(2):306-314

Different aspects of reproductive biology of the polychaete Timarete filigera (Delle Chiaje) were studied during a period of 2 years (from September 2002 to August 2003 and from September 2004 to August 2005). Timarete filigera specimens were collected monthly in the port of Bari (South Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea). For population analysis, regenerating and entire specimens were separately analyzed, the regenerating individuals were assigned to different categories related to the region of the body from which they derived. Regenerating individuals were present throughout the year. There were three to four times more individuals deriving from the middle part than the anterior and posterior regenerating portions. From the high percentage of regenerating individuals observed in the T. filigera population, it can be supposed that this species reproduces mainly asexually by schizogenesis. However, histological analysis revealed the presence of female gametes in a few individuals. In contrast, males were never collected, probably due to the limited number of reproductive individuals collected. The abundance has shown wide fluctuations during the year, with a decrease from Winter to Spring. The analysis of the size‐frequency histograms has shown a growing phase of whole specimens from Spring to Winter. The life cycle of the investigated species is discussed with the hypothesis that strategies could be linked to the colonized environments, agamic reproduction coupled with sexual reproduction assures the presence and expansion of the population after the colonization by a limited number of larvae.  相似文献   

Seasonal DOC accumulation in the Black Sea: a regional explanation for a general mechanism   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gustave Cauwet  Gaëlle Dliat  Anton Krastev  Galina Shtereva  Sylvie Becquevort  Christiane Lancelot  Andr Momzikoff  Alain Saliot  Adriana Cociasu  Lucia Popa 《Marine Chemistry》2002,79(3-4)

During three cruises in the Black Sea, organised in July 1995 and April–May 1997, biological and chemical parameters that can influence the carbon budget were measured in the water column on the NW shelf, particularly in the mixing zone with Danube River waters. We observed in early spring (end of April–May) conditions an important input of freshwater organisms that enhanced the microbial activity in the low salinity range. High bacterial activity regenerates nitrogen in the form of nitrates, but is also responsible for an important consumption of ammonium and phosphate, leading to a high N/P ratio and a strong deficit in phosphorus. The consequence is a limitation of phytoplankton development but also a production of carbohydrates that accumulate all along the salinity gradient. These mechanisms are responsible for a seasonal accumulation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) that increases from 210 μM in winter to about 280 μM in summer. All this excess DOC disappears during winter, probably degraded by bacterial activity. The degradation of carbon-rich organic matter increases the phosphorus demand by bacteria bringing limitation to phytoplankton primary production.  相似文献   

Distribution of soft-bottom polychaetes in two coastal areas of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy): Structural analysis     

Maria Cristina Gambi  Adriana Giangrande 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1986,23(6)

Multidimensional statistical analysis was used to study the polychaete distribution in soft-bottoms of two coastal areas of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), which are influenced by the discharges of the rivers Tiber and Ombrone. In both areas the distributional patterns of these organisms are determined mainly by sediment types and related factors such as hydrodynamics, river input, and sedimentation. The grain-size gradient from the coast to the open sea affects not only species composition, but also species richness, diversity and abundance.In both areas three main communities have been identified: a sandy biocoenosis, a mixed-sediment biocoenosis and a muddy biocoenosis. The sandy coastal community is characterized by only a few species, while the intermediate zone of sandy-mud sediments presents the highest species richness and diversity. At the mouth of the River Tiber the influence of the river is more evident than at the mouth of the River Ombrone. This is due to the Tiber's greater river flow, which determines an environmental uniformity and a ‘cenotic continuum’ from sandy to muddy communities. This does not occur at the mouth of the Ombrone, where the river flow is less important and the polychaete communities are better defined.  相似文献   

Groundwater resources in the Jabal Al Hass region,northwest Syria: an assessment of past use and future potential   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Elco Luijendijk  Adriana Bruggeman 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(3):511-530

In many cases, the development of groundwater resources to boost agricultural production in dry areas has led to a continuous decline in groundwater levels; this has called into question the sustainability of such exploitation. In developing countries, limited budgets and scarce hydrological data often do not allow groundwater resources to be assessed through groundwater modeling. A case study is presented of a low-cost water-balance approach to groundwater resource assessments in a 1,550 km² semi-arid region in northwestern Syria. The past development of irrigated agriculture and its effect on the groundwater system were studied by analysis of Landsat images and long-term groundwater level changes, respectively. All components of the groundwater balance were determined. Groundwater recharge was estimated using the chloride mass balance method. Over the past three decades, groundwater levels have declined, on average, 23 m, coinciding with a two-fold increase in the groundwater-irrigated area. Groundwater resources are currently depleted by a value that lies between 9.5×10⁶ and 118×10⁶ m³ year^?1, which is larger than can be compensated for by a future decrease in natural discharge or changes in boundary conditions. However, groundwater resources are likely to be sufficient to supply domestic and livestock needs in the area.  相似文献   

The growth, collapse and quiescence of Teno volcano, Tenerife: new constraints from paleomagnetic data     

R. Leonhardt  H. C. Soffel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(6):1053-1064

Tenerife basically consists of three Miocene shield volcanoes, the Anaga, the Teno and Central shield, as well as the Pliocene Cañadas volcano. The temporal evolution and structural significance of each volcano with respect to the history of Tenerife is still a matter of debate. We present paleomagnetic results in order to enhance the view of the volcanic history of the Teno volcano by means of magnetostratigraphy. It is found that the initial subaerial phase shows reverse magnetizations throughout. After two major sector collapses, dominantly normally magnetized lavas extruded. Comparisons of observed magnetic polarities with the geomagnetic polarity timescale show that these volcanic activities occurred within 0.4 Myr between 6.3 and 5.9 Ma. Significantly younger flows, ～ 5.3 Myr old according to their radiometric age, revealed again normal polarity throughout. The absence of inversely magnetized lavas in-between the two normal periods indicates a volcanic hiatus or erosional phase. The evolutionary sequence and the estimated high production rates for the initial building phase are similar as would be expected for a hotspot volcano. The average geomagnetic field for 6.0 ± 0.2 Ma is close to an axial dipole field showing a slight far-sided/right-handed effect. The field strength, determined by Thellier-type intensity determinations, corresponds to a virtual axial dipole moment of 4.9 × 10²² A m². This value is approximately half of the present day field strength, but similar to values obtained for the mid-Miocene. It also corresponds to the proposed tertiary low-field level of the geomagnetic dipole moment.  相似文献   

Differentiation in reproductive traits of geminate mangrove crabs of the genus Aratus (Decapoda: Brachyura) across the Central American Isthmus          下载免费PDF全文

Adriana P. Rebolledo  Ingo S. Wehrtmann 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(6):1210-1222

The mangrove crab Aratus pisonii was considered to have an amphi‐American distribution; however, a recent study revealed that the Eastern Tropical Pacific populations were genetically distinct, thus representing a new species: Aratus pacificus. These species separated by the Isthmus of Panama have diverged under different environmental conditions that may have influenced their reproductive biology. As the available information about this genus concerns almost exclusively the Caribbean species, the aim of the present study was to analyse and compare reproductive aspects of A. pacificus and A. pisonii obtained from both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Costa Rica. Females were collected from April 2011 to April 2012, and reproductive features such as breeding season, size distribution of ovigerous females, fecundity, reproductive output, embryo volume and embryo water content were assessed. Both species produced embryos during the entire sampled period. Most females of A. pacificus carrying embryos close to hatching were found during the rainy season. Ovigerous females of A. pisonii were substantially larger and reached sexual maturity at a larger size than females of A. pacificus. Embryo production started in A. pacificus at a smaller female size than in A. pisonii. As fecundity increased with female size, the average fecundity was lower in A. pacificus. Females of A. pisonii produced larger embryos, which might be related to lower food availability: higher energy content in the embryo enhances the chances of larval survival. These data regarding reproductive features of the Pacific and Caribbean species support the conclusion to separate A. pacificus from A. pisonii.  相似文献   

Mathematische Simulation ptygmatischer Strukturen     

Dozent Dr.-Ing. Hansgeorg Förster  Dipl.-Ing. Jürgen Leonhardt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1972,61(3):883-896

Zusammenfassung Die Entstehung der Schlingen in den südlichen Ötztaler Alpen (Ostalpen) wurde bisher überwiegend auf äußere Spannungsfelder zurückgeführt. Damit waren die Faltenstrukturen in diesem Gebiet durch Biege- und Biege-Scher-Faltung hinreichend erklärbar. Bei Berücksichtigung der hohen Teilbeweglichkeit des Gesteins während der Schlingenbildung muß ein anderer Faltungsmechanismus angenommen werden. Es wird versucht, die Faltenstrukturen als Ergebnis eines Fließvorgangs in Abhängigkeit von einer Geschwindigkeitsverteilung zu erklären. Unter Benutzung eines vonHarburgh &Bonham-Carter entwickelten Programms und bei Vorgabe verschiedener Randbedingungen werden Strombilder simuliert und vom Plotter in Geschwindigkeits-Vektor-Darstellung ausgegeben. Die Ergebnisse werden im Gelände beobachteten Strukturen und im Experiment erzeugten Bildern gegenübergestellt. Die gute Übereinstimmung kann als Hinweis auf die Entstehung ptygmatischer Strukturen durch interne Geschwindigkeitsverteilung angesehen werden.

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Until now the formation of vortex structures in the southern Oetztal Alps (Eastern Alps) has been regarded as the result of external stresses, allowing adequately to explain the structures as flexural and passive folds. Taking into consideration the high ductility of rocks during vortex formation another mechanism of folding has to be assumed. The attempt is made to explain the structures as the result of flowage due to a velocity distribution. Using a programm written byHarburgh &Bonham-Carter arrays of stream lines are calculated for varying boundary conditions and plotted as velocity vectors. The output will be compared with structures observed in the field as well as with results of folding experiments. From the good agreement follows that ptygmatic folding may be due to an internal velocity distribution.

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Résumé La genèse des »Schlingen« dans la partie méridionale des Alpes de l'Oetztal (Alpes orientales) a été jusqu'à présent rapportée principalement à des contraintes extérieures. Les structures plissées ont été dès lors expliquées dans cette région comme plis de ploiement et plis semblables. Si on considère la grande plasticité des roches lors du plissement, on doit admettre un autre mécanisme de plissement. Les auteurs essaient d'expliquer les structures plissées comme le résultat d'un processus d'écoulement qui dépendrait de la répartition des vitesses. Utilisant un programme établi parHarburgh &Bonham-Carter et présentant diverses conditions marginales, ils obtiennent par simulation des figures d'écoulement figurées comme vitesses vectorielles. Ces résultats sont des structures observées sur le terrain; ils sont confrontés aux figures produites lors des essais expérimentaux. La bonne concordance indique qu'on peut envisager les structures ptygmatiques comme résultant de la répartition interne des vitesses.

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Images of Gradual Millimeter Emission and Multi-Wavelength Observations of the 17 august 1994 Solar Flare     

Silva  Adriana V.R.  Lin  R.P.  de Pater  Imke  White  Stephen M.  Shibasaki  K.  Nakajima  H. 《Solar physics》1998,183(2):389-405

We present a comprehensive analysis of the 17 August 1994 flare, the first flare imaged at millimeter (86 GHz) wavelengths. The temporal evolution of this flare displays a prominent impulsive peak shortly after 01:02 UT, observed in hard X-rays and at microwave frequencies, followed by a gradual decay phase. The gradual phase was also detected at 86 GHz. Soft X-ray images show a compact emitting region (20), which is resolved into two sources: a footpoint and a loop top source. Nonthermal emissions at microwave and hard X-ray wavelengths are analyzed and the accelerated electron spectrum is calculated. This energy spectrum derived from the microwave and hard X-ray observations suggests that these emissions were created by the same electron population. The millimeter emission during the gradual phase is thermal bremsstrahlung originating mostly from the top of the flaring loop. The soft X-rays and the millimeter flux density from the footpoint source are only consistent with the presence of a multi-temperature plasma at the footpoint.  相似文献   

Explicit solution of a free boundary problem for a nonlinear absorption model of mixed saturated-unsaturated flow     

Adriana C. Briozzo  Domingo A. Tarzia 《Advances in water resources》1998,21(8):1989

In wet soils, zones of saturation naturally develop in the vicinity of impermeable strata, surface ponds and subterranean cavities. Hydrology must be then concerned with transient flow through coexisting unsaturated and saturated zones. The models of advancing saturated zones necessarily involve a nonlinear free boundary problem.A closed-form analytic solution is presented for a nonlinear diffusion model under conditions of ponding at the surface. The soil water diffusivity is restricted to the special functional form D(θ) = a/(b − θ)², where θ is the water content field to be determined and a, b are positive constants. The explicit solution depends on a parameter C (determined by the data of the problem), according to two cases: 1 < C < C₁ or C ≥ C₁, where C₁ is a constant which is obtained as the unique solution of an equation. This result complements the study given in P. Broadbridge, Water Resources Research, 1990, 26, 2435–2443, in order to established when the explicit solution is available. The behavior of the bifurcation parameter C₁ as a function of the driving potential is studied with the corresponding limits for small and large values. Moreover, the sorptivity is proven to be continuously differentiable function of the variable C.  相似文献   

Particulate organic matter uptake rates of two benthic filter-feeders (Sabella spallanzanii and Branchiomma luctuosum) candidates for the clarification of aquaculture wastewaters     

Cavallo D  Pusceddu A  Danovaro R  Giangrande A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(5):622-625

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