Obscured AGB Stars in the LMC     

Jacco Th. Van Loon  Albert A. Zijlstra  Patricia A. Whitelock  M.A.T. Groenewegen  Cecile Loup  Peter Te Lintel Hekkert  Norman R. Trams  L.B.F.M. Waters 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,255(1-2):403-404

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Asymptotic giant branch superwind speed at low metallicity     

Jonathan R. Marshall  Jacco Th. van Loon  Mikako Matsuura  Peter R. Wood  Albert A. Zijlstra  Patricia A. Whitelock 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,355(4):1348-1360

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Controls of δS and δO in dissolved sulphate: Learning from a detailed survey in the Llobregat River (Spain)     

Neus Otero  Albert Soler  Àngels Canals 《Applied Geochemistry》2008

The S and O isotopic composition of dissolved SO₄, used as a tracer for SO₄ sources, was applied to the water of the Llobregat River system (NE Spain). The survey was carried out at 30 sites where surface water was sampled on a monthly basis over a period of 2a. The concentration of dissolved SO₄ varied from 20 to 1575 mg L⁻¹. Sulphur isotopic compositions clustered in two populations: one – 93% of the samples – had positive values with a mode of +9‰; the other had negative values and a mode of −5‰. Data for δ¹⁸O_SO4 showed a mean value of +11‰, with no bi-modal distribution, though lower values of δ¹⁸O corresponded to samples with negative δ³⁴S. These values can not be explained solely by the contribution of bedrock SO₄ sources: that is, sulphide oxidation and the weathering of outcrops of sulphates, though numerous chemical sediments exist in the basin. Even in a river with a high concentration of natural sources of dissolved SO₄, such as the Llobregat River, the δ³⁴S values suggest that dissolved SO₄ is controlled by a complex mix of both natural and anthropogenic sources. The main anthropogenic sources in this basin are fertilizers, sewage, potash mine effluent and power plant emissions. Detailed river water sampling, together with the chemical and isotopic characterisation of the main anthropogenic inputs, allowed determination of the influence of redox processes, as well as identification of the contribution of natural and anthropogenic SO₄ sources and detection of spatial variations and seasonal changes among these sources. For instance, in the Llobregat River the input of fertilisers is well marked seasonally. Minimum values of δ³⁴S are reported during fertilization periods – from January to March – indicating a higher contribution of this source. The dual isotope approach, δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O, is useful to better constrain the sources of SO₄. Moreover, in small-scale studies, where the inputs are well known and limited, the mixing models can be enhanced and the contribution of the different sources can be quantified to some extent.  相似文献   

Importance of spawning location and timing to successful transport to nursery areas: a simulation study of Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hinckley  Sarah; Hermann  Albert J.; Mier  Kathy L.; Megrey  Bernard A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(5):1042-1052

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Evolution of oceanographic conditions off Baja California: 1997–1999     

R. Durazo  T. R. Baumgartner   《Progress in Oceanography》2002,54(1-4)

This paper examines the oceanic response off Baja California, Mexico, to the 1997–1998 El Niño and the transition to La Niña conditions. The data presented were gathered during seven cruises over a grid based on the CalCOFI station plan, from lines 100–130, out to station 80. T–S diagrams with data obtained during the peak phase of El Niño, demonstrate that warmer and saltier (spicier) than normal conditions prevailed in the upper 600 m over this region. Temperature and salinity anomalies calculated for CalCOFI line 120 revealed waters near the coast at 50 m depth to be up to 8.7 °C warmer and S=0.8 saltier than the climatology during October 1997. These large anomalies persisted through January 1998, with some slight diminution in the magnitudes near the surface. This study suggests that anomalously warm and salty waters were fed from a source of spicy water to the southwest, identified as Subtropical Surface Water (StSW), and that low-salinity Tropical surface waters (TSW) were blocked to the southeast in the vicinity of the tip of the Peninsula. Subsurface waters associated with the California undercurrent (CU), fed from the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), were also warmer and saltier than normal, and indicate a significant expansion in volume of the CU, presumably a result of intensification of poleward flow at depth. We postulate that the well defined near-surface and deep poleward flows in the study area reflect anomalous large-scale cyclonic circulation affecting the flow in the southeastern region of the North Pacific subtropical gyre east of 125°W. Following the El Niño event, warm and salty upper waters retreated to latitudes south of Punta Eugenia. With the return to normal and cooler conditions, equatorward flow over the sampling grid predominated with an increased meandering and mesoscale activity. Transition to La Niña conditions would have been associated with re-establishment of normal anticyclonic flow in the southeastern quadrant of the Pacific subtropical gyre.  相似文献   

Genetic Relationships Among One Non-Endemic and Two Endemic Mediterranean Triplefin Blennies (Pisces, Blennioidei)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gerard J. Geertjes  Albert Kamping  Wilke van Delden  & John J. Videler 《Marine Ecology》2001,22(3):255-265

Abstract. Three triplefin blennies occur sympatrically in the Mediterranean Sea; Tripterygion tripteronotus and T. melanurus are endemic, whereas T. delaisi is also found in the Eastern Atlantic. Although very similar in morphology, ecology and behaviour, some striking differences exist among reproductive strategies. Several authors proposed hypotheses on the evolution of these species. In order to enhance insight into the genetic structure of this genus, an enzyme electrophoretic survey was performed. Samples of 40 to 45 specimens of each species were collected near Calvi (Corsica, France). Twenty-four enzyme loci were analysed, of which 17 appeared polymorphic. T. delaisi showed a high level of average observed heterozygosity (H_o) of 0.140, as opposed to very low levels of 0.009 and 0.021 in T. tripteronotus and T. melanurus , respectively. Nei's genetic distance was 0.21 between T. delaisi and T. tripteronotus , 0.35 between T. delaisi and T. melanurus and 0.45 between T. tripteronotus and T. melanurus . We hypothesise that divergence of these species started before the Pleistocene and that the endemic species survived the Pleistocene glaciations in refugia within the Mediterranean. The possibility that T. tripteronotus and T. delaisi diverged through sympatric speciation is discussed.  相似文献   

Microzooplankton production in the oceans   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Landry  Michael R.; Calbet  Albert 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(4):501-507

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Aluminium species distribution during mixing of acid coal and slate mine drainage with neutral stream waters     

Reimer Herrmann  Isolde Baumgartner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1992,81(3):759-767

We measured the spatial variation of aluminium concentrations and computed its species distribution before and during mixing of acid mine drainage containing waters with near neutral receiving waters. Acid mine drainage was collected from the Loquitz Creek, Thuringia, Germany, and Garvey Creek, Westland, New Zealand, which drain slate mine workings and coal mine workings, resp. The acidneutralizing capacity (ANC) of the receiving streams and the mixing with waters having low Al-concentrations cause a decrease of aluminium concentrations below the confluence. Depending on volumes and ANCs involved, the content of free Al and sulphate bound Al decreases after mixing in favour of organic and hydroxide bound Al. In addition, below the junction of the Loquitz Creek and the Aue Creek with its high ANC, we observe the precipitation of aluminium hydroxides and Al hydroxysulphates.

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Zusammenfassung Wir haben die räumliche Änderung der Aluminiumkonzentrationen vor und nach der Mischung von Flußwasser, versauert durch Bergwerksabwässer, mit nahezu neutralem Wasser der Vorfluter gemessen und haben dazu die Speziesverteilung berechnet. Saure Bergwerksabwässer sickern aus Halden eines Schiefertagebaus in Thüringen in die Loquitz ebenso wie aus Halden eines Kohletagebaus in den Garvey Creek, Westland, Neuseeland. Die Säuren-Neutralisierungskapazität der Vorfluter und die Mischung mit Al-armem Wasser bewirken eine Abnahme der Aluminiumkonzentrationen nach dem Zusammenfluß. In Abhängigkeit von beteiligten Abflüssen und Säuren-Neutralisierungskapazitäten nimmt der Gehalt an freiem Aluminium und sulfatgebundenem Aluminium nach der Mischung zugunsten von organisch- und hydroxy-gebundenem Aluminium ab. Ferner beobachten wir unterhalb des Zusammenflusses von Loquitz und Aue, der eine hohe Säuren-Neutralisierungskapazität eigen ist, eine Ausfällung von Aluminiumhydroxyden und Aluminiumhydroxysulfaten.

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Résumé Nous avons mesuré la variation spatiale de la teneur en Al et calculé la distribution de ses différentes formes dans deux cours d'eau différents, qui reçoivent des eaux acides venant de mines situées sur leur cours. Ces mesures ont été faites d'une part sur le cours du Loquitz (Thuringe-Allemagne) qui reçoit des aux acides venant d'une mine d'ardoise et d'autre part sur le cours du Garvey (Westland - Nouvelle Zélande) qui reçoit les eaux d'une mine de charbon. Pour chaque cours d'eau, les mesures ont été faites en amont de la source d'apport, puis en aval, c'est-à-dire après le mélange avec les eaux acides. La capacité de neutralisation des acides (ANC) des eaux des cours d'eau récepteurs et la basse teneur en Al des eaux d'apport provoquent une diminution de la teneur en Al après le mélange. Dans une mesure liée aux volumes en jeu et à l'ANC, la teneur en Al libre et en Al lié au sulfate diminue près le mélange au profit de l'Al lié soit à des substances organiques, soit à des hydroxydes. De plus, en aval du confluent du Loquitz et de l'Aue, rivière à ANC élevé, nous observons la précipitation d'hydroxydes d'Al et d'hydroxisulfates d'Al.

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Radiolaria – Siliceous plankton through time     

Peter O. Baumgartner 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2006,99(1):III-V

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Impact of Flood Disasters on Taiwan in the Last Quarter Century     

Wei-Hsien Teng  Ming-Hsi Hsu  Chung-Hsing Wu  Albert S. Chen 《Natural Hazards》2006,37(1-2):191-207

The increasing natural disasters, especially floods during the last quarter century, are raising the economic losses in Taiwan. The most severe hazard in Taiwan is flooding induced by typhoons and storms in summer and autumn. By comparing the rivers around the world, the ones in Taiwan have the steepest slopes, the largest discharge per unit drainage area, and the shortest time of concentrations. Rapid urbanization without proper land uses managements usually worsen the flood problems. Consequently, flood hazards mitigation has become the most essential task for Taiwan to deal with. Although the government keeps improving flood defense structures, the flood damage grows continuously. In this article, possible flood mitigation strategies are identified for coping with complex environmental and social decisions with flood risk involved.  相似文献