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Jeffrey P. Severinghaus Alexi Grachev Nicolas Caillon 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(3):325-343
We describe a method for measuring the 40Ar/36Ar ratio and the 84Kr/36Ar ratio in air from bubbles trapped in ice cores. These ratios can provide constraints on the past thickness of the firn layer at the ice core site and on the magnitude of past rapid temperature variations when combined with measured 15N/14N. Both variables contribute to paleoclimatic studies and ultimately to the understanding of the controls on Earth’s climate. The overall precision of the 40Ar/36Ar method (1 standard error of the mean) is 0.012‰ for a sample analyzed in duplicate, corresponding to ±0.6 m in reconstructed firn thickness. We use conventional dynamic isotope ratio mass spectrometry with minor modifications and special gas handling techniques designed to avoid fractionation. About 100 g of ice is used for a duplicate pair of analyses. An example of the technique applied to the GISP2 ice core yields an estimate of 11 ± 3K of abrupt warming at the end of the last glacial period 15,000 years ago. The krypton/argon ratio can provide a diagnostic of argon leakage out of the bubbles, which may happen (naturally) during bubble close-off or (artifactually) if samples are warmed near the freezing point during core retrieval or storage. Argon leakage may fractionate the remaining 40Ar/36Ar ratio by +0.007‰ per ‰ change in 84Kr/36Ar, introducing a possible bias in reconstructed firn thickness of about +2 m if thermal diffusion is not accounted for or +6 m if thermal diffusion effects are quantified with measured 15N/14N. Reproducibility of 84Kr/36Ar measured in air is about ±0.2‰ (1 standard error of the mean) but is about ±1‰ for ice core samples. Ice core samples are systematically enriched in 84Kr/36Ar relative to atmosphere by ∼5‰, probably reflecting preferential size-dependent exclusion of the smaller argon atom during bubble entrapment. Recent results from the Siple Dome ice core reveal two climate events during the last deglaciation, including an 18-m reduction in firn thickness associated with an abrupt warming at sometime between 18 and 22 kyr BP and a partial or total removal of the firn during an ablation event at 15.3 kyr BP. 相似文献
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S. P. Burlatskaya S. F. Burlatsky A. F. Burlatsky S. A. Didenko 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(3):207-224
The purpose of archaeomagnetic research is to investigate the structure of the geomagnetic field and its evolution. This paper is a study of this type. In our preceding studies, we divided the geomagnetic field into dipole and nondipole components. It was then shown that the dipole component consists of the predominant 1200-yr variation and the remainder δ. The δ variation is the subject of this paper. Detailed study and comparison of the characteristic features of two 1200-yr variations (the dipole and δ variations) in both the declination and inclination indicates that, according to most of their features, they can be assigned to different types of waves, namely, traveling waves (the dipole variation) and standing waves (the δ variation). Successive averaging in time and space yielded averaged data on δI and δD not only for various parts of the world (Europe, Asia, and America) but also for the western and eastern hemispheres. 相似文献
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S. P. Burlatskaya S. F. Burlatsky A. F. Burlatsky S. A. Didenko 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(6):510-520
It was shown in our previous works that the dipole part of the geomagnetic field direction is mainly represented by the 1200-yr variation. According to some indications, the residual of the dipole part of the field, the so-called δ variation, may be classified as standing waves. Average values of δ are calculated for each hemisphere. In this work, the difference values equal to the δ variations for each territory minus δ averages over hemispheres (western or eastern) are calculated. The resulting values, fine structure (FS) variations, characterize the FS of the geomagnetic field. The study of the activity of the FS variations and specific features of their N-S and E-W behavior and the comparative analysis of dynamic characteristics (activity and rate) give grounds to classify the FS variations (as well as the δ variations) as standing waves of the nondipole field. 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - In this paper, we show a method for using the continuous Morlet wavelet transform in studying the variability of atmospheric migrating and nonmigrating... 相似文献
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Doklady Earth Sciences - For the first time, a detailed density 3D model of the lithosphere of the Sikhote-Alin orogenic belt to a depth of 130 km has been created. Two extended submeridional... 相似文献
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V. A. Guryanov A. N. Didenko A. Yu. Peskov G. V. Roganov V. A. Dymovich 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2016,10(3):168-188
New data on the age, composition, sources, and formation conditions of the Early Precambrian granitoids of the Batomga inlier of the southeastern Siberian Platform basement are discussed. Geochronological SRHIMP II U–Pb study of the zircons reveals that the calc-alkaline granitoids of the Khoyunda Complex are 2056–2057 Ma in age and their formation was related to the Early Proterozoic stage in the development of the Batomga granite–greenstone domain. It is established that the primary melts for these rocks formed in subduction settings through melting of the depleted mantle source with some contribution of ancient crustal material. In terms of temperature, partial melting followed by crystallization of the granitoids under peak metamorphic conditions corresponds to the transition between amphibolite and granulite facies at elevated pressure; high temperature and high-grade metamorphism are subduction-related phenomena reflected in the back-arc settings of the active continental margin. The protoliths of calc-alkaline metavolcanics of the Batomga Group are found to be chronologically and compositionally analogous to the subduction granitoids of the Khoyunda and Dzhagdakan complexes; i.e., these granitoids are coeval with the Batomga island arc. The lower age limit of the Batomga Group is estimated at 2.2 Ga and its upper age limit is defined by the age of the intruded Khoyunda granitoids. The formation of the rocks of the Batomga Group and associated granitoids of the Khoyunda and Dzhagdakan complexes reflects the formation of the continental crust at the Early Paleoproterozoic stage of the evolution of the Batomga lithosphere block (2.2–2.0 Ga ago). 相似文献
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Rapid temperature change causes fractionation of isotopic gaseous species in air in firn (snow) by thermal diffusion, producing a signal that is preserved in trapped air bubbles as the snow forms ice. Using a model of heat penetration and gas diffusion in the firn, as well as the values of appropriate thermal diffusion constants, it is possible to reconstruct the magnitude of a particular paleoclimate change. Isotopic nitrogen in air serves as a convenient tracer for such paleoreconstruction, because the ratio 29N2/28N2 has stayed extremely constant in the atmosphere for ≥106 years. However, prior to this work no data were available for thermal diffusion of 29N2/28N2 in air, but only in pure N2. We devised a laboratory experiment allowing fractionation of gases by thermal diffusion in a small, tightly controlled temperature difference. A mass spectrometer was employed in measuring the resulting fractionations yielding measurement precision greater than was attainable by earlier thermal diffusion investigators.Our laboratory experiments indicate that the value of the thermal diffusion sensitivity (Ω) for 29N2/28N2 in air is +(14.7 ± 0.5) × 10−3 per mil/°C when the average temperature is -30.0°C. The corresponding value for 29N2/28N2 in pure N2 that we find is +(15.3 ± 0.4) × 10−3 per mil/°C at -30.6°C, in agreement with the previously available literature data within their large range of uncertainty. We find that an empirical equation, Ω = (8.656/TK − 1232/T K2) ± 3% per mil/°C, describes the slight variation of the sensitivity values for 29N2/28N2 in air with temperature in the range of -60 to 0°C. A separate set of experiments also described in this paper rules out adsorption as a candidate for producing additional temperature change-driven fractionation of 29N2/28N2 in the firn air. The combined newly obtained data constitute a calibration of the fossil-air paleothermometer with respect to isotopic nitrogen and will serve to improve the estimates of the magnitudes of past abrupt climate changes recorded in ice cores. 相似文献
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B.F. Shevchenko M.V. Goroshko A.N. Didenko V.A. Gur'yanov V.S. Starosel'tsev A.S. Sal'nikov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2011,52(12):1672-1679
The tectonic structure of the junction of the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt and the Siberian Platform, along with the deep structure of the Earth's crust and lithosphere in this region, has been described on the basis of new geological and geophysical data (seismic, geoelectric, and space-structural studies as well as new-generation geological maps), combined with new interpretation techniques (processing of the previous data by special software). The data suggest the existence of oblique collision during the convergence of the tectonic plates and, correspondingly, tectonic units composing these plates, when the Mongol–Okhotsk paleobasin closed. Such a scenario within the Aldan–Stanovoi Shield is evidenced by areas of syn- and postcollisional magmatism, with their deep-level and geochemical characteristics, and by the presence of a Late Mesozoic fold–thrust zone. Deep “traces” of these tectonomagmatic events, detected in the course of geological and geophysical modeling, are manifested in inclined deep boundaries between the crustal and lithospheric blocks. On the Earth's surface, they correspond to large fault systems: the Dzheltulak, North and South Tukuringra, Gulyui, and Stanovoi. It has been found that the influence of collision decreases northward with distance from the junction of the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt and the Siberian Platform (Dzheltulak and North Tukuringra transcrustal faults). 相似文献
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