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A new methodology to classify European North-East Atlantic transitional waters into ecological types has been developed based on the most important hydrological and morphological features that are likely to determine the ecology of aquatic systems in transitional waters. Hydrological indicators help identifying if a transitional water area is dominated by fresh or sea water and/or by intertidal or subtidal areas, while morphological indicators allow an estimation of the complexity of the transitional water and the diversity of the habitats involved. Twelve transitional waters of the southern Bay of Biscay were classified using this methodology and the five hydro-morphological types obtained were validated with benthic macro-invertebrate data. Transitional waters with a complex morphology showed the highest values of species diversity, while those with a smaller tidal influence showed lower species diversity. The ‘Scrobicularia’ and ‘Abra’ assemblages, previously identified in the study area, were found to be related to different types of transitional waters. The ‘Abra’ assemblage only appeared in estuaries with a complex morphology and dominated by tidal influences, while the ‘Scrobicularia’ assemblage was detected in all the transitional waters except for a single coastal lagoon. This classification of transitional waters may therefore be useful to establish the biological reference conditions needed for European Directives. 相似文献
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Neogene tectonic activity (Betic Orogeny) along the southern plate boundary of Iberia, as it converged with Africa and the Alboran Plate was inserted between them, propagated along Iberia's west side as far north as Galicia, northwest Spain. As the activity propagated northward, it reactivated structures formed during the Paleozoic (Hercynian), the Early Cretaceous opening of the northern North Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay, and the Paleogene Pyrenean Orogeny when Iberia collided with Eurasia. Recent earthquakes indicate that this tectonism is still active today as far north as northwest Spain. 相似文献
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Araceli Zamora-Camacho Juan Manuel Espíndola Gabriel Reyes-Dávila 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(1):39-52
Volcán de Colima, the most active volcano in Mexico, had a climactic episode on 20 November, 1998. On this date, a dome formed
on the small summit crater during the previous few days, collapsed generating block-and-ash flows. The event was preceded
by almost twelve months of seismic activity, which continued afterwards for several more months. We analyzed the main seismic
activity, which occurred from 20 March, 1998 to 31 March, 1999. The seismicity was dominated by volcano-tectonic earthquakes
before the climax, and subsequently by hybrid and long-period earthquakes. We determined the frequency of events for the entire
period, and located most of the volcano-tectonic events. To assess the possibility that these earthquakes were generated by
the same source, they were tested for their similitude through cross correlation in the time domain. Six groups of similar
events, or earthquake families, were generated. The members of these families appeared before the 20 November event, apparently
ceasing afterwards. We examined the location of the families' events with respect to an existing gravity model in which an
anomalous body of negative density contrast suggests the presence of the magma chamber. Most of the family events occur on
top of the anomalous body, which suggests they were associated with the passage of magma through the feeding conduits of the
volcano. 相似文献
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Several biotic indices have been proposed for the assessment of the ecological status of benthic macroinvertebrates in marine waters, although none have been generally accepted. When it comes to assessing highly stressed natural environments, such as estuaries, the controversy and uncertainty is much higher than for any given normal index. In this article, we test the behavior and suitability of different biotic indices proposed under the perspective of the Water Framework Directive (S, H, AMBI, M-AMBI, BQI, W-statistic, Taxonomic distinctness) for the assessment of estuaries in northern Spain. The low species richness and dominance of a few tolerant species in the characteristic community of these estuaries presented a challenge to the application of the biotic indices tested. Combined approaches that integrate different aspects of water quality and ecosystem functionality could increase the reliability of the ecological assessment of these transitional waters. 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - Puerto Vallarta, a medium-size tourist city, located in the Pacific Coast of Mexico, in a similar way as many other coastal cities, combines human activity with the potential... 相似文献
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An ecological classification of rocky shores at a regional scale: a predictive tool for management of conservation values 
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下载免费PDF全文 The ecological classification of coastal waters has become an important issue in ecosystem water quality assessment. Previous studies have suggested that abiotic variables seem to be a suitable alternative to biological data for classifying coastal areas at different scales. The study presented here proposes a downscaling methodology for the classification of coastal waters at a regional scale within the NE Atlantic based on standardized data and objective decision rules. Physical variables (temperature, wave exposure, tidal range and radiation) were selected because of their ecological role, availability and statistical decision rules. This information was based on satellite data and mathematical modelling of natural coastal processes. The N and NW Spanish coastline was subdivided into 41 20‐km segments that were classified according to physical variables using the self‐organizing map and k‐means algorithms. To validate the classification with biological data, 21 sites representing the entire range of physical typologies in the study area were simultaneously and consistently sampled. Intertidal macroalgae were identified in each of 10 quadrats of 50 × 50 cm for two to three transects per site, according to a stratified sampling procedure. The coverage of macroalgae was obtained by photographic analysis. The physical classification shows four typologies: Lower Rias, Upper Rias, West Cantabric and East Cantabric. Statistical analyses confirmed the ecological significance of these typologies at the tidal levels where seaweeds were the major structural element (lower and middle intertidal). According to the biological data, the greatest differences were found between the Upper Rias and the rest of the N and NW Iberian Peninsula coast. Thus, the classification methodology has potential application as a management tool. 相似文献
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Escudero Christian R. Ramirez Gaytan Alejandro Zamora Camacho Araceli Preciado Adolfo Flores Karen L. Gomez Hernandez Adan 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(1):247-267
Natural Hazards - We performed a seismic vulnerability assessment that involves geotechnical and building structure analysis for Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, a city located along the pacific coast.... 相似文献
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The possibility and effectiveness of microencapsulation of okadaic acid (OA) in gelatin-acacia microcapsules has been studied. The encapsulation efficiency was higher than 33%. The microcapsules were shown to be very stable, not leaching more than 9% of the encapsulated OA in a 20-h period. OA from the microcapsules was absorbed by the mussels very efficiently, accumulating--after 3 days of feeding and one of depuration--65% of the OA in microcapsules and 22% of the total OA used at the beginning of the microencapsulation process. These efficiencies and the possibility of encapsulating single DSP toxins and derivatives constitute a valuable tool for the study of the accumulation and biotransformation of DSP toxins in bivalves. 相似文献