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Laurentiu Danciu Karin Şeşetyan Mine Demircioglu Levent Gülen Mehdi Zare Roberto Basili Ata Elias Shota Adamia Nino Tsereteli Hilal Yalçın Murat Utkucu Muhammad Asif Khan Mohammad Sayab Khaled Hessami Andrea N. Rovida Massimiliano Stucchi Jean-Pierre Burg Arkady Karakhanian Hektor Babayan Mher Avanesyan Tahir Mammadli Mahmood Al-Qaryouti Doğan Kalafat Otar Varazanashvili Mustafa Erdik Domenico Giardini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3465-3496
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Véronique Léonardi François Arthaud Achkhen Tovmassian Arkadi Karakhanian 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(2-3):85-103
AbstractThis study presents the relationship between local seismicity and springs discharge, in which the microseismicity modifies the state of stress of the aquifer matrix and these modifications of the local stress control the aquifer behaviour from an example of a basaltic reservoir crossed by a seismic fault.Along the right-lateral Garni seismic wrench fault, the distribution in space and time of more than 500 micro-earthquakes has been studied providing a pattern of stress distribution. Together with this tectonic survey, the hydrographs of springs issuing from an aquifer located in basaltic lava flows and crossed by the fault have been gauged for 4 years. According to its tectonic, geologic and hydrodynamic properties, the reservoir has been divided in to several parts. The hydrological behaviour of the reservoir and of each of its parts has been modelled, based on the rainfall and hydrodynamic properties of the basaltic reservoir and of nearby reservoirs.The model allows us to define the ‘normal behaviour’ of the springs, when their discharge is not affected by an earthquake. Anomalies to the normal hydrometric curves are defined, and correlated to small (M < 3.5) earthquakes along the Garni fault. We propose that the circulation of underground water in the area around the fault depends largely on the fracture pattern of the basalts and the aquifer basement, as pointed out from field observations. Changes in spring discharges are explained by variations in the state of stress around the Garni fault, induced by the alternation of elastic strain and stick-slip movement on the fault, and by creep far from the fault. A model of stress distribution is proposed which explains changes in fracture charateristics before and after earthquakes. © Elsevier, Paris 相似文献
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Arkadiy S. Karakhanian Vladimir G. Trifonov Ovanes G. Azizbekian & David G. Hondkarian 《地学学报》1997,9(3):131-134
The Syunik rhombus-like structure in the Khanarassar active dextral fault zone of Armenia is a typical pull-apart basin, formed between terminal parts of two adjacent en echelon fault segments. Some component of subsidence associated with the faults of the structure is found between the en echelon segments; nevertheless, the dextral component continues to be predominant even on the boundaries of the pull-apart basin. The late Pleistocene and Holocene lava volcanoes of the basin are also associated with those faults that have a component of extension. The relative ages of fault displacements and volcanic eruptions have been identified by the mutual correlation of lavas, moraines and topographic features and by archaeological and radiocarbon dating. According to the interpretation of rupturing and volcanism, major earthquakes and volcanic eruptions appear inter-related and three pulses of such activity during the earlier and middle Holocene have been identified. 相似文献
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A. Karakhanian R. Djrbashian V. Trifonov H. Philip S. Arakelian A. Avagian 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2002,113(1-2)
Examples of Holocene-historical volcanism in the territory of Armenia and adjacent areas of Eastern Anatolia and Western Iran are discussed. Holocene-historical activity is proved for the volcanoes of Tskhouk–Karckar, Porak, Vaiyots-Sar, Smbatassar and Ararat. Based on the analysis of remote sensing data, field work, and historical and archeological information, it is demonstrated that there was a considerable number of cases of volcanic activity in Armenia and adjacent regions of Turkey, Syria and Iran during the historical period. The Holocene volcanic centers are situated within pull-apart basin structures and controlled by active faults. Situated in an area prone to many types of natural hazards, Armenia and adjacent countries face high natural risk. The evidence presented shows that volcanic hazard also contributes to the natural risk for these countries. 相似文献
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Active faulting, a source of seismic disasters and ground deformation, may be also accompanied with the effects that can result in rapid or slow changes in the environment capable of affecting, either negatively or positively, living conditions of a man and in general evolution of animals and plants. Existing data still rare and uncertain show that these effects may be, first of all, specific fault-related landscapes and various geophysical and geochemical anomalies above and around active fault planes. 相似文献
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Vladimir G. Trifonov M. Salih Bayractutan Arkadiy S. Karakhanian Tamara P. Ivanova 《地学学报》1993,5(2):184-189
The tectonic significance of the Erzincan earthquake of 13 March, 1992 in Eastern Turkey is discussed. The intersection of the North Anatolian and The East Anatolian strike-slip fault zones has resulted in formation of the Erzincan pull-apart basin and new seismically active fault branches on its northeastern side. Local concentrations of surface ruptures strike along the most active branches of the North Anatolian fault zone (N300W) for 62 km. They are usually open fractures with northeastern sides uplifted up to 20 cm and rarely with dextral offset up to 10 cm. These secondary ruptures manifest indirectly oblique seismic fault displacement corresponding to the Late Quaternary motion on the fault zone, although at the surface the dextral component has been suppressed relative to the vertical one. 相似文献
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Tectonic impact on the Lake Sevan environment (Armenia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Karakhanian P. Tozalakyan J. C. Grillot H. Philip D. Melkonyan P. Paronyan S. Arakelyan 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(3):279-288
The geology of Lake Sevan is characterized by the structure of a pull-apart basin. Methane emission from the lake surface
correlates with evidence of physical and chemical water properties, remote sensing, etc., and suggests its possible emission
from active fault zones at the lake bottom, as well as emission of biogenic methane from the fermentation of bottom organic
remains. Correlation with anomalies in the lake bottom geochemistry suggests a high permeability of active fault zones and
suggests that geodynamic, seismic and geochemical activity across the fault zones during the buildup to the M=7.1 Spitak earthquake
led to plankton depression, which resulted in a large number of fish dying in 1984, and ended with a seismic disaster in 1988.
Received: 2 November 1999 · Accepted: 27 January 2000 相似文献
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Active faulting and natural hazards in Armenia, eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Arkady S. Karakhanian Vladimir G. Trifonov Herve Philip Ara Avagyan Khaled Hessami Farshad Jamali M. Salih Bayraktutan H. Bagdassarian S. Arakelian V. Davtian A. Adilkhanyan 《Tectonophysics》2004,380(3-4):189-219
Active fault zones of Armenia, SE Turkey and NW Iran present a diverse set of interrelated natural hazards. Three regional case studies in this cross-border zone are examined to show how earthquakes interact with other hazards to increase the risk of natural disaster. In northern Armenia, a combination of several natural and man-made phenomena (earthquakes, landslides and unstable dams with toxic wastes) along the Pambak-Sevan-Sunik fault (PSSF) zone lowers from 0.4 to 0.2–0.3g the maximum permissible level (MPL) of seismic hazard that may induce disastrous destruction and loss of life in the adjacent Vanadzor depression.
In the Ararat depression, a large active fault-bounded pull-apart basin at the junction of borders of Armenia, Turkey, Iran and Azerbaijan, an earthquake in 1840 was accompanied by an eruption of Ararat Volcano, lahars, landslides, floods, soil subsidence and liquefaction. The case study demonstrates that natural hazards that are secondary with respect to earthquakes may considerably increase the damage and the casualties and increase the risk associated with the seismic impact.
The North Tabriz–Gailatu fault system poses a high seismic hazard to the border areas of NW Iran, eastern Turkey, Nakhichevan (Azerbaijan) and southern Armenia. Right-lateral strike–slip motions along the North Tabriz fault have given rise to strong earthquakes, which threaten the city of Tabriz with its population of 1.2 million.
The examples illustrate how the concentration of natural hazards in active fault zones increases the risk associated with strong earthquakes in Armenia, eastern Turkey and NW Iran. This generally occurs across the junctions of international borders. Hence, the transboundary character of active faults requires transboundary cooperation in the study and mitigation of the natural risk. 相似文献
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A.S. Karakhanian V.G. Trifonov T.P. Ivanova A. Avagyan M. Rukieh H. Minini A.E. Dodonov D.M. Bachmanov 《Tectonophysics》2008,453(1-4):122
The St. Simeon Fault is 80 km long and stretches from the eastern side of the Al Ghab Depression to the north–east; it links the structures of the Levant and East-Anatolian active zones. Left-lateral strike-slip displacements and deformations of landforms cut by the fault have been recorded. The Sim'an Ridge is located between two branches of the fault and displaced by 1.2 km, overlapping a young depression. As the terminations of these branches at the site of their overlapping converge northerly, the mechanism of structural scissors considerably enhances the lateral extrusion of the Sim'an Ridge. The St. Simeon Monastery, built by the Byzantine in the 5th century AD, is situated on the top of the Sim'an Ridge.The main church of the St. Simeon Monastery has a cruciform shape, and its eastern wing is deflected by 3–9° to the north. The existing architectural explanation of this phenomenon assumes initial designing of this bend by the builders and contains many contradictions. Upon our study of active faults, specific features and traces of seismic impacts on the monastery structures, we suggest an alternative, seismic explanation. Our scenario interprets the curvatures of the monastery structures as a consequence of distributed co-seismic or post-seismic deformations in the intra-fault block delimited by the branches of the St. Simeon Fault. 相似文献