Re-appraisal of seismicity and seismotectonics in the north-eastern Algeria Part II: 20th century seismicity and seismotectonics analysis     

Assia Harbi  Said Maouche  Hadj Benhallou 《Journal of Seismology》2003,7(2):221-234

The main objective of the research work isthe homogenisation of the two recentAlgerian earthquake catalogues for thecommon covered period of time, from 1900 to1990, for the region under considerationlimited by [33^°N–38^°N,4^°E-9.5^°E] and the updatingof the catalogue for the twentieth century(1900–2000). To mitigate the deficiencyof the incompleteness of catalogue, aneffort was made to establish a correlationbetween surface-wave magnitude Ms andbody-wave magnitude m_b in the form ofMs = a + b (m_b). A complete, exact andhomogeneous earthquake catalogue as much aspossible, comprising 870 seismic events,has been compiled. Seismicity analysis ofthe region shows a strong concentration ofseismicity along a band of no more than400 km width oriented mainly in theeast-west direction parallel to the coast.Moreover, earthquakes in this zone arerather associated to strike-slip mechanism.The focal mechanism show a regional stressregime that corresponds to horizontalcompression in NW-SE to N-S direction. As aresult of the review of the seismicity ofnorth-eastern Algeria from the compilationof checked and corrected data and itscorrelation with other geologic andgeophysical investigations based ondocumentary sources, it was possible toconstruct a most complete seismotectonicmap. It leads also to delineate fourseismogenic zones in the Tellian Atlas, aless important zone in the Saharan Atlas, asixth zone at the boundary of both Atlasand finally, a seventh one along thecoastal zone. The seismicity-active faultscorrelation of some of these defined zonesis examined in details with a specialattention to the Saharan Atlas zone, theHodna and Biban zone as well as Soummam andBabor zone where further research workallowed to find some neotectonic featuresconsidered as a significant sign of recenttectonic activity.  相似文献   

Roman literary and epigraphic sources for the study of historical seismicity in Algeria circa 42–420 ad     

Sabah Ferdi  Assia Harbi 《Journal of Seismology》2014,18(2):277-287

The seismicity of Algeria since the nineteenth century is relatively well documented. However, compared with the numerous damaging earthquakes that are documented since 1850, fewer than a dozen reports of earthquakes are listed for the pre-1850 ad period, suggesting that the historical record is missing a substantial number of earthquakes. This paper examines the use of literary and epigraphic sources relevant to the investigation of seismicity in Algeria during Roman times. We provide examples where the meager written literary record may be supplemented with appropriate archaeological and epigraphic data describing damage to ancient Roman sites. The examples show that collaboration between earth scientists and archeologists is of utility in improving the seismic record and highlights the need for further study of data sources and repositories located both inside and outside of Algeria.  相似文献   

The Djidjelli (Algeria) earthquakes of 21 and 22 August 1856 (I<Subscript>0</Subscript> VIII,IX) and related tsunami effects Revisited     

Assia Harbi  Mustapha Meghraoui  Said Maouche 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(1):105-129

New historical data from primary sources, allow us to revisit the Djidjelli earthquakes of 21 and 22 August 1856 (I₀ VIII, IX respectively). These two large seismic events are among the most significant events that have affected the North African coast. They have caused extensive damage and generated a tsunami that propagated at several harbours of the western Mediterranean Sea. The effects of each earthquake are analysed from all documentary source materials, emphasising the confrontation of observations and data for an accurate reconstruction of the macroseismic field of both events. The method used provides a more precise way to determine the characteristics of the Djidjelli earthquakes.  相似文献   

Behavior of some clays on drying and wetting paths     

Assia Benchouk  Mounir Derfouf  Nabil Abou-Bekr  Said Taibi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(12):4565-4573

This paper presents an experimental study carried out on some clayey soils of Tlemcen region situated in the North West of Algeria. The characterization of the volumetric behavior under the effect of suction is studied on drying–wetting paths which highlight the correspondence between void ratio, degree of saturation, and water content versus suction. The initial conditions of studied material are in slurry form and compacted at different initial water contents. For the slurry form, correlations are derived to predict parameters characterizing the drying path.  相似文献   

Space distribution of evolving stars in M13     

Assia Blaghikh  Vittorio Castellani 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1971,12(1):208-218

Information about space distribution is collected for selected classes of evolving stars in the globular cluster M13. After a rigorous elimination of field stars, three samples are examined, corresponding to the red giant stage (G), the blue (B) and the yellow (YG) parts of the horizontal branch. It is shown that results are easy to understand in terms of:

1. A substantial mass loss in the H-shell burning stage;
2. Evolution along the horizontal branch from the blue side to the red one;
3. A mixing in the observed giant branch of two populations with sensible differences in masses.

Theoretical interpretations are briefly discussed with reference to the reliability and usefulness of this type of investigation.  相似文献   

Global representation of the drying–wetting curves of four engineering soils: experiments and correlations     

Zhong-Sen Li  Assia Benchouk  Feth-Ellah Mounir Derfouf  Nabil Abou-Bekr  Said Taibi  Hanène Souli  Jean-Marie Fleureau 《Acta Geotechnica》2018,13(1):51-71

The main objective of this paper is to examine how different engineering soils react to environmental variations and to provide correlations to characterize their behaviour under null external mechanical stress. Two French and two Algerian soils with liquid limits ranging from 36 to 112 were prepared under both slurry and Proctor compaction conditions, and then subjected to drying–wetting paths with suction controlled from several kPa to several hundreds of MPa. Experimental results are presented in five diagrams to show globally and simultaneously the shrinkage–swelling, saturation–desaturation and water retention characteristics. A reasonable consistency was observed between the oedometric and drying curves of slurry, confirming the equivalence between hydraulic loading (suction) and mechanical loading (consolidation stress) on the volume change behaviour of different soils. As an intrinsic parameter of soil nature, liquid limit was found to have a significant influence on the shrinkage limit, air-entry suction and compressibility of both slurry and compacted samples. For that reason, correlations between these characteristics and liquid limit were set up, providing a good basis for a first estimation of the drying–wetting curves. At the micro-scale, new experimental results were obtained: either on drying or wetting path, the micro-pores were almost unaffected, whereas, when matrix suction increased from 0.1 to 8 MPa, the volume of macro-pores decreased to quasi-closure. At last, the analogy between the compaction and drying–wetting curves, and the comparison of different methods to determine the water retention curve were addressed. Such analogies and comparisons contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of mechanical stress and suction.  相似文献   

Spinel–quartz high temperature paragenesis in Al–Fe granulites from the Ihouhaouene area (NW Hoggar, Algeria)     

Saïda Aït-Djafer  Zouhir Adjerid  Assia Badani  Khadidja Ouzegane  Jean Robert Kienast   《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,55(1-2):79

The spinel–quartz-bearing Al–Fe granulites from Ihouhaouene (In Ouzzal, West Hoggar) have a migmatitic appearance with quartzo-feldspathic layers intercalated with restitic layers. These granulites are characterized by a hercynitic spinel–quartz assemblage typical of high grade terranes. The stability of the spinel–quartz assemblage is attributed to an elevation of temperature (from 800 to >1100 °C) at high pressures (10–11 kbar), followed by an isothermal decompression from 9 to 5 kbar, an evolution typical of the In Ouzzal clockwise P–T path. The Al–Fe granulites’ history can be subdivided into different successive crystallisation stages. During the first stage, the spinel–quartz assemblage formed, probably following a prograde event that also produced partial melting. During a second stage, the primary spinel–garnet–sillimanite–quartz paragenesis broke-down to give rise to the secondary assemblage. The metamorphic evolution and phase relations during this stage are shown in P–T–X pseudosections calculated for the simple FMASH system. These pseudosections show that the orthopyroxene–cordierite–spinel symplectite appeared during a high temperature decompression, as a product of destabilisation of garnet in sillimanite-free microdomains with high X_Mg values. At the same time, the spinel–quartz association broke-down into cordierite in Fe-rich microdomains. Average pressure and temperature estimates for the orthopyroxene–spinel–garnet–cordierite–quartz association are close to the thermal peak of metamorphism (1000 ± 116 °C at 6.3 ± 0.5 kbar). With decreasing temperatures garnet–sillimanite corona developed from the breakdown of the primary spinel–quartz assemblage in the Fe-rich microdomains, whereas cordierite–spinel formed at the expense of primary sillimanite and garnet in the Mg-rich microdomains.  相似文献   

Characterizing the active tectonics in the Oran region (Algeria) and recasting the 1790 earthquake     

Imene Meriem Benbakhti  Said Maouche  Djelloul Belhai  Assia Harbi  Jean-François Ritz  Ghilles Rabai  Ahmed Rezouk  Fawzi Doumaz 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(6):1549-1561

In this work, we reappraise the seismogenic potential of the geologic structures in the western Tell Atlas of Algeria, considered active host to moderate to low magnitude earthquakes. The direct identification of active faults is generally a difficult task in northern Algeria. The active tectonics in the Oran Plio-Quaternary age basin (Northwestern Algeria) is analyzed and characterized through a morpho-structural study combining topographic, geomorphologic, geological, and neotectonic data. Folds and fault scarps affecting Quaternary deposits show that the region is affected by compressional deformation still active nowadays, as shown by the recorded seismic activity. Our new observations enable a better understanding of the present seismotectonic context of the Oran region, particularly with regard to the magnitude and source of the 1790 Oran damaging event. The obtained result helps to shed some light on the elusive active tectonics characterizing this coastal area, and to assess regional seismic hazard, particularly in coastal zones where large seismogenic areas straddle the onshore–offshore zones.  相似文献   

Etude de la sensibilité d’estimation de la période de retour d’une crue connue seulement par la cote atteinte     

Hassen Aridhi  Zoubeida Bargaoui  Assia Chebchoub 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):978-992

Résumé

Cet article propose une méthodologie d’étude de sensibilité pour cerner l’incertitude d’estimation de la période de retour d’une crue maximale annuelle exceptionnelle connue seulement par la cote des plus hautes eaux. Deux autres contraintes ont présidé au choix méthodologique. Tout d’abord, nous ne disposions pas des débits maximaux de crue à la station (hors ceux de la crue annuelle) et nous disposions d’une courte série des débits maximaux annuels. L’étude a ainsi été focalisée sur les débits moyens journaliers dont la série est complète avec une seule lacune qui est celle de la crue qui nous intéresse. La taille de la série des débits moyens journaliers la plus complète étant assez modérée, un modèle statistique à dépassement de seuil POT (Peaks Over Threshold) a été adopté. A partir de la laisse de crue, le débit maximal de la crue non jaugée a été estimé par cinq approches différentes (méthodes d’extrapolation par régression statistique à partir des paramètres hydrauliques de la station, deux modèles de Manning-Strickler en lit homogène, et deux modèles de Manning-Strickler en lit composé) en adoptant des valeurs de rugosité du lit couvrant l’incertitude reflétée d’après les jaugeages existants. Nous avons proposé d’étudier la distribution statistique du rapport α du débit maximum instantané de la crue annuelle à son débit moyen journalier. Par ce biais, l’observation de la laisse de crue a été mise à profit pour compléter la série des débits moyens journaliers moyennant une hypothèse sur la valeur de α. L’article traite l’incertitude sur α pour diverses hypothèses sur la rugosité du lit. Une distribution lognormale a été ajustée pour α et des simulations de Monte Carlo ont été entreprises. Une valeur du débit moyen journalier a alors été attachée à chaque simulation de Monte Carlo de α. Cinquante (50) simulations ont été effectuées dans chaque cas. Le modèle à dépassement de seuil a été appliqué à chaque série de débits moyens journaliers ainsi complétée par simulation. Les quantiles des débits moyens journaliers pour différentes périodes de retour ont été estimés pour chaque série complétée. La dispersion de ces derniers a été représentée par une boite à moustaches et a été quantifiée par l’intervalle interquartile. L’application a porté sur une station hydrométrique contrôlant un bassin de 9000 km² en région semi-aride nord africaine. Les séries d’observation ont été étudiées pour la période 1984–2006 pour laquelle 114 jaugeages étaient disponibles. La médiane du quantile quinquagennal du débit moyen journalier varie de 1410 à 1840 m³/s en fonction du seuil de dépassement retenu et de la valeur du coefficient de rugosité du lit. Les différentes méthodes, en considérant les différents seuils de troncature, conduisent à un intervalle interquartile de la période de retour du débit moyen journalier de cette crue variant entre 30 et 70 ans.