Evaluation of mine tailings effects on a benthic marine infaunal community over 29 years   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Burd BJ 《Marine environmental research》2002,53(5):481-519

Benthic infaunal and sediment data collected over 29 years were used to examine the extent and geographic range of effects and recovery from submarine tailings deposition. Empirical data were used to determine extreme and moderate effects, and identify near-, mid- and far-field zones. A simple probability test using overlap in frequency distributions was then used to determine less obvious effects, identify "normal" or "reference" conditions, and verify the geographic range of effect zones. Tailings thickness and sediment particulate copper were elevated from the outfall to 16-20 km distant, particularly below discharge depth (50 m). Changes in tailings thickness and copper levels before, during and after mining showed three distinct impact zones below discharge depth: near-field (<5 km from outfall); mid-field (5-16 km); and far-field (20 + km). Consistent faunal declines during mining were noted at sediment particulate copper levels >300 microg g(-1), and sediment tailings thickness > 15-20 cm. Extreme impoverishment at these sediment levels were; < 100 animals/m2, <2.5 g/m2 biomass and <7 taxa per station. No stations with >300 microg g(-1) copper and 20 cm tailings had more than 40 taxa. Amphipods were particularly affected by tailings, with distributions reflecting the instability in sediments from heavy deposition and/or shifting of tailings due to resuspension. The probability testing method assumed that reference conditions existed in far-field stations. There was no difference in abundance distributions between near-, mid- and far-field zones. Total taxa per station during mining was significantly reduced (<45) in both near- and mid-field stations compared with far-field (less than 10% overlap in distributions). One midfield station in Quatsino Sound (23) was in reference condition throughout the study period. Post-closure stations in the near- and mid-field had total taxa numbers approaching far-field conditions (overlap of 62% in distributions). Within 3 years following closure, total taxa values were within the far-field range for all stations sampled. Biomass showed a distinct decline in the near-field during mining, but with more overlap in near-field and far-field distributions (27%) than for total taxa per station, and was returning to far-field conditions in the post-closure years. A multivariate (Bray-Curtis) measure of dissimilarity indicated that the near- and mid-field infaunal compositions were distinct from the far-field during mining (< 10% overlap in distributions). The mid-field composition overlapped more with the far-field in the post-closure years, but the near-field composition did not, suggesting that the mine tailings are still affecting the fauna. The most abundant taxon in each of the reference and near-field station groups both showed significantly distinct relative abundance distributions between near- and far-field stations. In summary, the probability method showed that species richness, biomass, species composition and indicator taxa were useful for differentiating affected and non-affected stations. Polychaetes recolonize stable tailings most quickly, and have dominated the tailings stations in the post-closure years. Amphipods have recolonized sporadically, but seem to be highly sensitive to tailings stability. There was no evidence of recovery in dominant bivalves or echinoderms within three years after mine closure.  相似文献   

Estrogenic responses of larval sunshine bass (Morone saxatilis x M. Chrysops) exposed to New York City sewage effluent     

Todorov JR  Elskus AA  Schlenk D  Ferguson PL  Brownawell BJ  McElroy AE 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):691-695

To determine the estrogenicity of effluents from sewage treatment plants (STPs) to larval fish, 2-day-old sunshine bass were exposed to effluents from three STPs serving New York City (NYC), varying in size and treatment level. Estrogenic response was evaluated by measuring vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in cytosolic fractions of whole body homogenates. Concentrations of the presumptive endocrine disruptors in the effluents were also measured. VTG and ER levels in sewage-exposed fish were 3-5 times that observed in controls. Combined concentrations of estradiol and estrone ranged from 5 to 13 ng/l and nonylphenol-ethoxylate metabolites (NPEOs: 4-nonylphenol, and 1-, 2-, and 3-nonylphenol-ethoxylates) ranged from 180 to 470 microg/l in chlorinated effluent. Results indicate that both ER and VTG can be used as biomarkers for endocrine disruption in larval fish, and that 4-day exposure to sewage effluent is sufficient to elicit significant expression of these markers in sunshine bass larvae. The extremely higher concentrations of NPEOs found in effluent relative to hormones (approximately 40,000-fold) indicates that surfactant metabolites may be contributing significantly to the estrogenic effects observed.  相似文献   

生油岩地层变化的启示     

Katz  BJ 徐景君 《国外石油地质》1996,(1):35-46

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裂谷盆地油源岩勘探     

Katz  BJ 许丽 《国外石油地质》1996,(1):47-70,58

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物探技术在布敦乌拉隐伏矿产勘查中的应用效果     

刘永祥  刘福胜  王欣  韩晓阳  谢磊 《中国煤炭地质》2021,(3):60-63

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗布敦乌拉矿区多为第四系覆盖。在该矿区多金属勘查中,依据土壤地球化学圈定的矿化异常布置激电中梯测量,圈定1处激发极化率异常区,长度约890m,宽度约520m,位于已知断层F 1与推断断层F 2之间。采用可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面对该激电异常进行探测,解释视充电率多峰异常与反演电阻率高低跳跃对应区域为矿致异常区。通过钻探验证,发现银多金属矿床资源储量523.93万t,取得了良好的地质找矿效果。  相似文献   

综合运用构造分析和超低检测限土壤及水系沉积物地球化学方法发现俄勒…     

Such.  BJ 古平 《物探化探译丛》1994,(3):67-68

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磁铁矿的磁学性质与条带构造     

刘永祥 《长春地质学院学报》1990,20(1):69-78

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在干旱表生风化地区应用TM图象圈定蚀变带     

阿.  BJ 张义彬 《冶金地质动态》1990,(2):21-27

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化粪系统的化学污染指示剂     

Alha.  BJ 佟元清 《水文地质技术方法》1991,(24):106-118

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麻粒岩成因：变质观     

Harl.  SL 刘永祥 《世界地质》1991,10(2):1-32

尽管许多当代评述都强调麻粒岩在其压力—温度(P—T)条件和轨迹方面的一致性,但实际上麻粒岩保存了指示它们的形成模式多样性的一系列重要的岩石学特征。对90多个麻粒岩地体或产状的测定,揭示出其中50％以上记录了超出许多作者提出的7.5±1Kb和800±50℃平均麻粒岩范围的P—T条件。特别是,不断识别出的温度很高(900～1000℃)的一些地体的数量还在增加,这两种P—T条件都是根据特殊的矿物组合和地温压力测定确定的。确定和解释P—T历史的岩石成因网格和地温压力测定法二者都是在反应结构范围内判断的,而反应结构既可证明很大的P—T条件范围确实是真实的,又可证明近等温减压(ITD)和近等压冷却(IBC)两种P—T轨迹都是主要的。正象在南印度和斯里兰卡见到的那样,由富CO_2流体进入而引起斜长角闪岩—麻粒岩的转化是一种例外情况,不代表大多数地体中有关的流体过程。然而,人们认为缺少流体条件是在接近它们记录的热高峰时间的大多数麻粒岩的特征。把ITD麻柱岩解释为地壳碰撞增厚过程中形成的。伴随的岩浆填加作用是一个重要的额外热源。但没有把侵蚀作用单独看作是碰撞后的主要减薄过程。换言之,ITD轨迹是在中等或略低的速率扩张期间与构造剥露有关的、削减非常迅速的(1～2mm/年暴露)阶段产生的。IBC麻粒岩可能形成于各种各样的环境中。呈现逆时针P—T历史的麻粒岩被解释为形成于大量岩浆增生作用的下部地区,这些地区有或无附加地壳扩张。正常厚度地壳的扩张期间也可形成浅部(<0.5GPa)的IBC麻枉岩,但较深层位的IBC则要求更复杂的模式。在地壳深部出现的许多IBC麻粒岩可能形成于经受碰撞后非常迅速(5mm/a)扩张变薄的增厚地壳中。推测在许多麻粒岩中与其说ITD,还不如说IBC轨迹的保存主要是与增厚地壳的扩张减薄的速率和时间范围有关,而且也应当见到ITD到IBC之间的混杂轨迹。大多数IBC麻粒岩,也许还有许多ITD麻粒岩,都没有作为产生它们的构造幕的结果暴露在地表,但是,它们在这些事件之后,在中部或下部地壳中保留了很长一段时间(100～200Ma)。大多数麻粒岩地体最后剥露只有通过它们掺杂到与其形成无关的、后来的构造和岩浆事件中才能发生。  相似文献