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Gulam Rasool Bhat Bikram S. Bali S. Balaji Vazeem Iqbal Balakrishna 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(4):439-452
The intermontane Karewa basin contains a wide variety of seismically induced soft sediment deformation structures, interpreted as seismites and occurs in 1300 m thick succession of upper and lower Karewas. The Karewa Formation of Kashmir valley are glacio- fluvial-lacustrine and aeolian loess of Plio-Pleistocene age. The soft sediment deformational structures occurs in various formations and members of Karewas and vary greatly in terms of morphology and pattern. The Karewa Formations were frequently confronted with recurrent seismic activities during differential upliftment of Pir Panjal and Zanaskar ranges which resulted in various deformation structures during their evolution and development. In the present study, an attempt has been made to relate the palaeo-seismicity events in Karewa formations with the deformed structures of various formations. The origin of these deformational structures have been interpreted and analyzed from the field evidences by applying paleo-seismological approach. During and after the deposition of Karewas different soft sediment deformation structures (seismites) like load cast, convolute lamination, pseudonodules, recumbent folds, sand dykes etc. were formed during liquefaction and triggered by tectonic impulsive events. The deformational structures are evidenced by their unique nature, distribution, association, behaviour and deformation, and can be used as vital indicators for palaeo-seismicity. 相似文献
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Anitha Kumari Hegde R. Venkatesan C. V. Srinivas K. M. Balakrishna 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(3):463-464
Subject Index
Subject Index 相似文献3.
The calculation of stresses induced inside the soil mass by the foundation loads forms an essential step in most of the geotechnical engineering problems dealing with the probable behaviour of foundations. The distribution of stresses on horizontal planes containing reinforcements at various depths is required in the analysis and design of reinforced soil foundations. An accurate evaluation of contact pressure distribution at the interface is a prerequisite for the computation of stresses inside the soil mass. Of the several approaches the elastic-plastic approach of computing the contact pressure distribution appears to be reasonable. Using this approach non-dimensional equations have been derived for calculating the contact pressure distribution beneath rigid circular foundations on sands. The contact pressure distribution so derived has been used for computing the stresses at various points using elastic theory. The results have been graphically presented and are compared with Boussinesq's distribution for uniform contact pressure. 相似文献
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The physico‐chemical characteristics and microbial composition of the final effluents of two municipal wastewater treatment plants in South Africa were assessed between July and September 2009. The impact of the treated final effluents on the receiving water bodies was also evaluated. The temperature across all sampling points ranged between 14 and 22°C, while pH varied from 6.9 to 7.6. High levels of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphate (PO4) were observed in many cases. Turbidity of the samples was in the range of 2.2–288.6 NTU. The concentrations (mg/L) of other physico‐chemical parameters are as follows: COD (9.33–289); ammonia (0.000340–45.4); nitrate (0.062–539); nitrite (0.021–22.6); PO4 (5.3–33.2). The microbial quality of the effluents discharged from the plants did not comply with the limits set by the South African guidelines with respect to pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, total coliform, faecal coliform, enterococci, faecal streptococci, and viral particles for effluents intended for discharge into receiving watersheds. This study revealed an undesirable impact on the physico‐chemical and microbial qualities of the receiving water bodies as a result of the discharge of inadequately treated effluents from the wastewater treatment facilities. This poses a health risk to several rural communities which rely on the receiving water bodies primarily as their sources of domestic water and recreational purposes. There is therefore a need for the intervention of appropriate regulatory agencies in South Africa to ensure compliance of treatment facilities with wastewater effluent quality standards. 相似文献
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Anitha Kumari Hegde R. Venkatesan C. V. Srinivas K. M. Balakrishna 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2010,107(3-4):161-172
Atmospheric surface layer meteorological observations obtained from 20-m-high meteorological tower at Mangalore, situated along the west coast of India are used to estimate the surface layer scaling parameters of roughness length (z o) and drag coefficient (C D), surface layer fluxes of sensible heat and momentum. These parameters are computed using the simple flux–profile relationships under the framework of Monin–Obukhov (M–O) similarity theory. The estimated values of z o are higher (1.35–1.54 m) than the values reported in the literature (>0.4–0.9 m) probably due to the undulating topography surrounding the location. The magnitude of C D is high for low wind speed (<1.5 m s?1) and found to be in the range 0.005–0.03. The variations of sensible heat fluxes (SHF) and momentum fluxes are also discussed. Relatively high fluxes of heat and momentum are observed during typical days on 26–27 February 2004 and 10–11 April 2004 due to the daytime unstable atmospheric conditions. Stable or near neutral conditions prevail after 1700 h IST with negative SHF. A mesoscale model PSU/NCAR MM5 is run using a high-resolution (1 km) grid over the study region to examine the influence of complex topography on the surface layer parameters and the simulated fluxes are compared with estimated values. Spatial variations of the frictional velocity (u *), C D, surface fluxes, planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and surface winds are noticed according to the topographic variations in the simulation. 相似文献
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Details are presented of site investigations carried out for the Kalyani Dam, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Geologically, the dam-site region forms a triple junction of the Dharwar, Easternghat and Cuddapah orogenies and it is tectonically disturbed; the course of the Kalyani river is guided by a major strike-slip fault. The geophysical studies reveal the presence of several fault and shear zones in the area. Laboratory studies on the physical and engineering properties of the rocks disclose distinct differences in the sheared (Zone I) rocks as against those that are relatively undisturbed (Zone III). Zone I samples, in general, show high porosity and elastic an isotropy, low values of density, elastic wave velocity, elastic moduli, fracture strength and high absorption, while the reverse is noticed in the undisturbed samples of Zone III. Samples from the shear zone further show large variations in compressional velocity and amplitude, as a function of compressive stress. The laboratory velocities are in good agreement with the field seismic refraction results. These studies helped in estimating the soundness of the rock formations, delineating the structurally weak zones and suggesting remedial measures. 相似文献
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Bulletin of Volcanology - The determination of physical properties of rocks and their relation to certain geological features, a problem on the borderland of Geology and Physics, has engaged the... 相似文献
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We have determined the concentration and isotopic composition of Os and Sr in the estuarine waters from the Godavari delta in Peninsular India. Additionally, we have obtained the concentration and isotopic composition of Os and Al concentration in selected suspended particulate matter recovered on 0.45 μm filters. The Na, K, Mg, and Ca concentrations of water samples obtained along salinity gradients from two distributary channels in the delta display a general two component mixing between river- and sea-water. The data also reveal that Al behaves non-conservatively and is affected by interactions with suspended particulates. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the riverine end member is 0.716303 and shows a linear decrease with salinity to seawater value and Sr isotope systematics indicate that its behavior is conservative in the estuary.The 187Os/188Os ratio of the Godavari river end-member is 1.24 and within error of the average eroding upper continental crust. The concentration and isotopic composition of Os through the two salinity transects shows that its behavior in the Godavari estuary is complex and non-conservative. By comparing the Al/Os ratios and Os isotopes in the waters with those of the suspended particulate we find that both Os gains and losses occur in the water column. However, in one of the distributaries (Vasishta) the Os concentration of suspended load increases and that of dissolved load decreases with increasing salinity towards the Bay of Bengal end-member. We infer that there is removal of seawater Os at higher salinities. The estimated mean residence time of Os in the oceans is 37 ± 14 (2σ) kyr. A comparison of the Os concentration of the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean waters indicates that the rainout rate of Os in Bay of Bengal is 30% faster than that in the open ocean and suggests that the observed discrepancy between the mean residence time calculated from mass balance considerations and that estimated from the relaxation of the Os isotopic ratio in marine record may not be real as the relaxation time experiments likely estimate the residence time for a basin/sub-basin and not for the entire ocean. 相似文献
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