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Description of a very dense meteorite collection area in western Atacama: Insight into the long‐term composition of the meteorite flux to Earth 
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下载免费PDF全文 Aurore Hutzler Jérôme Gattacceca Pierre Rochette Régis Braucher Bertrand Carro Eric J. Christensen Cécile Cournede Matthieu Gounelle Nejia Laridhi Ouazaa Rodrigo Martinez Millarca Valenzuela Michael Warner Didier Bourles 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2016,51(3):468-482
We describe the geological, morphological, and climatic settings of two new meteorite collections from Atacama (Chile). The “El Médano collection” was recovered by systematic on‐foot search in El Médano and Caleta el Cobre dense collection areas and is composed of 213 meteorites before pairing, 142 after pairing. The “private collection” has been recovered by car by three private hunters and consists of 213 meteorites. Similar to other hot desert finds, and contrary to the falls and Antarctica finds, both collections show an overabundance of H chondrites. A recovery density can be calculated only for the El Médano collection and gives 251 and 168 meteorites larger than 10 g km?2, before and after pairing, respectively. It is by far the densest collection area described in hot deserts. The Atacama Desert is known to have been hyperarid for a long period of time and, based on cosmic‐ray exposure ages on the order of 1–10 Ma, to have been stable over a period of time of several million years. Such a high meteorite concentration might be explained invoking either a yet unclear concentration mechanism (possibly related to downslope creeping) or a previously underestimated meteorite flux in previous studies or an average terrestrial age over 2 Myr. This last hypothesis is supported by the high weathering grade of meteorites and by the common terrestrial fragmentation (with fragments scattered over a few meters) of recovered meteorites. 相似文献
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Accurate chronological records are critical for studying the alluvial fan sequences emplaced during local/global climatic changes but, in general, there are no satisfactory, quantitative dating methods available. In situ -produced 10 Be concentrations have been measured in quartz boulders exposed on Sulawesian late Quaternary fan surfaces. These concentrations suggest that the two fan units evidenced by geomorphic study were emplaced during two distinct major climatic events. The calculated minimum exposure ages imply abandonment ages of 11 kyr and 120 kyr, for the younger and older units, respectively. This study demonstrates that using both the neutron and muon components implicated in the in situ 10 Be production, surficial erosion rates can be estimated and alluvial fans dated. In particular, it shows that in situ 10 Be may be used to date fan emplacement during the last 120 kyr under humid tropical conditions, significantly helping to constrain continental palaeoclimatology. 相似文献
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Y. Klinger J. P. Avouac N. Abou Karaki L. Dorbath D. Bourles J. L. Reyss 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,142(3):755-768
The Araba valley lies between the southern tip of the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. This depression, blanketed with alluvial and lacustrine deposits, is cut along its entire length by the Dead Sea fault. In many places the fault is well defined by scarps, and evidence for left-lateral strike-slip faulting is abundant. The slip rate on the fault can be constrained from dated geomorphic features displaced by the fault. A large fan at the mouth of Wadi Dahal has been displaced by about 500 m since the bulk of the fanglomerates were deposited 77–140 kyr ago, as dated from cosmogenic isotope analysis (10 Be in chert) of pebbles collected on the fan surface and from the age of transgressive lacustrine sediments capping the fan. Holocene alluvial surfaces are also clearly offset. By correlation with similar surfaces along the Dead Sea lake margin, we propose a chronology for their emplacement. Taken together, our observations suggest an average slip rate over the Late Pleistocene of between 2 and 6 mm yr−1 , with a preferred value of 4 mm yr−1 . This slip rate is shown to be consistent with other constraints on the kinematics of the Arabian plate, assuming a rotation rate of about 0.396° Myr−1 around a pole at 31.1°N, 26.7°E relative to Africa. 相似文献
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