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We present a sample of 20 massive galaxy clusters with total virial masses in the range of 6 × 1014 M⊙ ? Mvir ? 2 × 1015 M⊙, re-simulated with a customized version of the 1.5. ENZO code employing adaptive mesh refinement. This technique allowed us to obtain unprecedented high spatial resolution (≈25 kpc/h) up to the distance of ～3 virial radii from the clusters center, and makes it possible to focus with the same level of detail on the physical properties of the innermost and of the outermost cluster regions, providing new clues on the role of shock waves and turbulent motions in the ICM, across a wide range of scales.In this paper, a first exploratory study of this data set is presented. We report on the thermal properties of galaxy clusters at z = 0. Integrated and morphological properties of gas density, gas temperature, gas entropy and baryon fraction distributions are discussed, and compared with existing outcomes both from the observational and from the numerical literature. Our cluster sample shows an overall good consistency with the results obtained adopting other numerical techniques (e.g. Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics), yet it provides a more accurate representation of the accretion patterns far outside the cluster cores. We also reconstruct the properties of shock waves within the sample by means of a velocity-based approach, and we study Mach numbers and energy distributions for the various dynamical states in clusters, giving estimates for the injection of Cosmic Rays particles at shocks. The present sample is rather unique in the panorama of cosmological simulations of massive galaxy clusters, due to its dynamical range, statistics of objects and number of time outputs. For this reason, we deploy a public repository of the available data, accessible via web portal at http://data.cineca.it. 相似文献
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A. Codino M. T. Brunetti A. Coradini C. Federico C. Grimani T. Macchiaiolo M. Menichelli G. Minelli M. Miozza F. Plouin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,220(1):131-147
We describe a project for the measurement of elemental composition of the primary cosmic radiation to be performed by a space observatory orbiting around the Moon. The absence of atmosphere and the low intrinsic magnetic field of the Moon give access to the very low energy component of the cosmic radiation, allowing the search for rare events.The quest for antinuclei, the determination of the lunar lepton albedo and the abundance measurement of galactic radioactive clocks (Be10, C14, Al26) are the major tasks of the ANTARES apparatus (ANTimatter Assessment RESearch).We report details of the instrument design, the expected performance for single detectors, their capability to accomplish the proposed measurements and the characteristics of the space mission. 相似文献
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In-situ particle acceleration in extragalactic radio hot spots: observations meet expectations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Brunetti K.-H. Mack M. A. Prieto S. Varano 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,345(3):L40-L44
We discuss, in terms of particle acceleration, the results from optical VLT observations of hot spots associated with radio galaxies. On the basis of observational and theoretical grounds, the following is shown. (i) Relatively low radio-radio power hot spots are the optimum candidates for being detected at optical waves. This is supported by an unprecedented optical detection rate of 70 per cent out of a sample of low radio power hot spots. (ii) The shape of the synchrotron spectrum of hot spots is mainly determined by the strength of the magnetic field in the region. In particular, the break frequency, related to the age of the oldest electrons in the hot spots, is found to increase with decreasing synchrotron power and magnetic field strength. Both observational results are in agreement with an in-situ particle acceleration scenario. 相似文献
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K.-H. Mack M. A. Prieto G. Brunetti M. Orienti 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,392(2):705-717
We present new high spatial resolution Very Large Telescope (VLT) and Very Large Array (VLA) observations of a sample of nine low-power ( P 1.4 GHz ≤ 1025 W Hz−1 ) radio hotspots. Infrared/optical emission is definitely detected in four of the nine observed objects, resulting in a detection rate of at least 45 per cent. This emission is interpreted as synchrotron radiation from the electrons accelerated in the hotspots. The integrated spectra of these hotspots reveal typical break frequencies between 105 and 106 GHz, two orders of magnitude higher than typically found in high-power hotspots. This supports the idea that in low-power hotspots with their relatively low magnetic field strengths, electrons emit most of their energy at higher frequencies. A simple spectral ageing analysis would imply that the emitting electrons have been injected into the hotspot volume less than ∼103 years ago. We discuss possible scenarios to explain the lack of older electrons in the hotspot region. In particular, the extended morphology of the near-infrared/optical emission would suggest that efficient re-acceleration mechanisms rejuvenate the electron populations. 相似文献
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Late Holocene back-barrier sediments have been studied in a former lagoon reclaimed during the last century. Several shallow boreholes were cored, from which nine organic-rich samples were selected for radiocarbon dating, and others for palynological and palaeontological analysis. This enabled the reconstruction of the evolution of a back-barrier coastal basin during the late Holocene coastline progradation. Since late Roman times, the rate of relative sea-level rise (RSLR) has increased from 1.1 mm/yr to over 2 mm/yr, even after removal of the main human impacts during of the last century. This change is ascribed to sediment compaction related to changes in the hydrological regime, and possibly to an isostatic subsidence wave accompanying the northward shift of the Po Delta during the last 2000 years. 相似文献
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Summary Series of annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation representing respectively northern and southern Italy are compared
for trend, interannual variability and periodicity in the period 1866–1995. Temperature and precipitation trends are almost
always anticorrelated except in winter in the North where an anomalous behavior is evident till about 1980. The result is
that the Italian climate has become warmer and drier especially in the South since about 1930.The interannual variability
does not present significant maxima, but only minima that cannot be related tothe start of a trend either for temperature
or for precipitation. The power spectra of the series show broad significant peaks containing the quasi-biennial oscillation
and other well known periodicities probably due to solar cycles or to the North Atlantic ocean-atmosphere oscillation (NAO).
Received December 16, 1998 Revised October 21, 1999 相似文献