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This study investigates total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal from residual clayey soil, after a washing procedure, using an electrokinetic process. Eight electrokinetic experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of TPH removal. When 0.1 M MgSO4 or 0.1 M NaOH was used as an electrolyte, the electric current rapidly increased within the first 100 or 200 h, respectively. A negatively charged soil surface resulted in a more negative zeta potential and greater electroosmotic flow toward the cathode. Therefore, the accumulated electroosmotic flow (EOF) when using 0.1 M NaOH as the anolyte‐purging solution was higher than when using 0.1 M MgSO4. Although the energy consumption for the two purging solutions was similar, the efficiencies of TPH removal when 0.1 M MgSO4 and 0.1 M NaOH with surfactant were used were 0 and 39%, respectively, because the electroosmotic flow rate increased with TPH removal efficiency. When 5% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was used as a circulation solution, the electric current increased but the TPH removal was similar to that using water. In terms of energy consumption, the use of a surfactant‐enhanced electrokinetic process with NaOH as electrolyte was effective in removing TPHs from low‐permeability soil. 相似文献
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To supplement conventional geophysical log data, this study presents temporal variations in electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature with depth in a multilayered coastal aquifer, on the eastern part of Jeju Island, Korea. One‐month time‐series data obtained at eight points from a multi‐depth monitoring system showed that semidiurnal and semimonthly tidal variations induced dynamic fluctuations in EC and temperature. At some depths, EC ranged from 1483 to 26 822 µS cm?1, while some points showed no significant variations. The results of EC log and time‐series data revealed that a sharp fresh‐saltwater interface occurred at low tide, but the diffusion zone broadened to 20 m at high tide. EC, temperature, and tide level data were used for the cross‐correlation analysis. The response time of EC and temperature to tide appears to range from less than 30 min to 11 h. Using end‐member mixing analysis (EMMA), the fraction of variations of chloride concentration in the multilayered aquifer was explained, and a conceptual model was developed which subdivided the coastal aquifer into four vertical zones. The percentage of water derived from seawater varied from 2 to 48 at specific depth, owing to tidal fluctuations. Continuous observations of EC and temperature at multiple depths are powerful tools for quantifying the transport of saline water by tidal variations in multilayered coastal aquifers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Y. Desnoyers J.-P. Chil��s D. Dubot N. Jeann��e J.-M. Idasiak 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2011,25(8):1031-1037
Geostatistics applied to radiological evaluation of nuclear premises provides sound methods to estimate radiological activities,
together with their uncertainty. Quantification and risk analysis of contaminated areas are initially performed by applying
geostatistical methods relying on the multi-Gaussian assumption. However, the application of the classical bi-Gaussian model
for disjunctive kriging proves sub-optimal due to the spatial structuring of high and low values. The beta model which pertains
to the class of Hermitian isofactorial models is potentially better suited to radiological evaluation as it allows a continuous
evolution from a mosaic to a pure diffusive model. In the test case, disjunctive kriging estimates are obtained by applying
in turn the beta model and the pure diffusive model. The comparison of estimation outcomes shows rather limited differences,
primarily located in and around the homogeneous contaminated areas. 相似文献
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Gold mineralization of the Seolhwa mine occurs in a single stage of massive quartz veins which filled the north‐east‐trending fault shear zones in the Jurassic granitoid of 161 Ma within the Gyeonggi Massif. The vein quartz contains three main types of fluid inclusions at 25°C: (i) aqueous type I inclusions (0–15 wt.% NaCl) containing small amounts of CO2; (ii) gas‐rich (more than 70 vol. %), vapor‐homogenizing, aqueous type II inclusions; and (iii) low‐salinity (less than 5 wt.% NaCl), liquid CO2‐bearing, type III inclusions. The H2O‐CO2‐CH4‐N2‐NaCl inclusions represent immiscible fluids trapped earlier along the solvus curve in the temperature range 250–430°C at pressures of ～1 kb. Detailed fluid inclusion chronologies suggest a progressive decrease in pressure during the mineralization. Aqueous inclusion fluids represent either later fluids evolved through extensive fluid unmixing from a homogeneous H2O‐CO2‐CH4‐N2‐NaCl fluid due to decreases in temperature and pressure, or the influence of deep circulated meteoric waters. Initial fluids were homogeneous H2O‐CO2‐CH4‐N2‐NaCl fluids as follows: 250° to 430°C, 16–62 mol% CO2, 5–14 mol% CH4, 0.06–0.31 mol% N2 and salinities of 0.4–4.9 wt.% NaCl. The T‐X data for the Seolhwa mine suggest that the hydrothermal system has been probably located nearer to the granitic melt, which facilitated the CH4 formation and resulted in a reduced fluid state indicated by the predominance of pyrrhotite. Measured and calculated isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal fluids [δ18O = 5.3–6.5‰; δD =?69 to ?84‰] provide evidence of the CH4‐H2O equilibria and further indicate that the auriferous fluids were magmatically derived. Both the dominance of δ34S values of sulfides close to the meteoric reference (?0.6–1.4‰; δ34SΣS values of 0.3–1.1‰) and the available δ13C data (?4‰) are consistent with their deep igneous source. The Seolhwa mine was probably formed by extensive fracturing and veining due to the thermal expansion of water derived from the Jurassic granitoid melt. 相似文献
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A two‐dimensional semi‐analytical solution to analyse stream–aquifer interactions in a coastal aquifer where groundwater level responds to tidal effects is presented. The conceptual model considered is a two‐dimensional subsurface system with stream and coastline boundaries at right angles. The dimensional and non‐dimensional boundary value problems were solved for water level in the aquifer by successive application of Laplace and Fourier transform techniques, and the results were obtained by numerical inversion of the transformed solution. The solution was then verified by reducing the solutions to one‐dimensional known problems and comparing the results with those from previous studies. Hypothetical examples were used to examine the characteristics of water‐level variations due to the variations in stream stage and the fluctuations in tide level. Sensitivity analysis indicated that streambed leakance has no influence over the amplitude of groundwater fluctuations, but that the effect of stream stage increases with increasing leakance. Little difference was observed in the water level for different aquifer penetration ratios with narrow stream width. Increases in streambed leakance caused increases in the effect of aquifer penetration by the stream on the water level. An increased specific yield value resulted in decreased amplitude of water fluctuations and mean water level, and showed that water‐level variations due to stream and tidal boundaries are sensitive to specific yield. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The Channel Tunnel: Geostatistical prediction of the geological conditions and its validation by the reality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geometric modeling of the geological layers in the Channel Tunnel area employed local variography and kriging for computing meaningful predictions and confidence intervals. The results were used to design the alignment of the tunnel, and tunneling was completed on March 28, 1991, 1 month ahead of the initial schedule. Data from 85 borehole pairs drilled during tunneling enable the geostatistical prediction to be compared with the reality, which is seldom possible. They fully validate the geostatistical approach. 相似文献
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J. P. Chilès 《Mathematical Geology》1988,20(6):631-654
The modeling of fracture networks is useful for fluid flow and rock mechanics studies. About 6600 fracture traces were recorded on drifts of a uranium mine in a granite massif. The traces have an extension of 0.20–20 m. The network was studied by fractal and by geostatistical methods but can be considered neither as a fractal with a constant dimension nor a set of purely randomly located fractures. Two kinds of generalization of conventional models can still provide more flexibility for the characterization of the network: (a) a nonscaling fractal model with variable similarity dimension (for a 2-D network of traces, the dimension varying from 2 for the 10-m scale to 1 for the centimeter scale, (b) a parent-daughter model with a regionalized density; the geostatistical study allows a 3-D model to be established where: fractures are assumed to be discs; fractures are grouped in clusters or swarms; and fracturation density is regionalized (with two ranges at about 30 and 300 m). The fractal model is easy to fit and to simulate along a line, but 2-D and 3-D simulations are more difficult. The geostatistical model is more complex, but easy to simulate, even in 3-D.This paper was presented at Emerging Concepts, MGUS-87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 13–15 April 1987. 相似文献
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Xiaosi Su Shuai Lu Wenzhen Yuan Nam Chil Woo Zhenxue Dai Weihong Dong Shanghai Du Xinyue Zhang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1573-1589
The spatial and temporal distribution of redox zones in an aquifer is important when designing groundwater supply systems. Redox zonation can have direct or indirect control of the biological and chemical reactions and mobility of pollutants. In this study, redox conditions are characterized by interpreting the hydrogeological conditions and water chemistry in groundwater during bank infiltration at a site in Shenyang, northeast China. The relevant redox processes and zonal differences in a shallow flow path and deeper flow path at the field scale were revealed by monitoring the redox parameters and chemistry of groundwater near the Liao River. The results show obvious horizontal and vertical components of redox zones during bank filtration. Variations in the horizontal extent of the redox zone were controlled by the different permeabilities of the riverbed sediments and aquifer with depth. Horizontally, the redox zone was situated within 17 m of the riverbank for the shallow flow path and within 200 m for the deep flow path. The vertical extent of the redox zone was affected by precipitation and seasonal river floods and extended to 10 m below the surface. During bank filtration, iron and manganese oxides or hydroxides were reductively dissolved, and arsenic that was adsorbed onto the medium surface or coprecipitated is released into the groundwater. This leads to increased arsenic content in groundwater, which poses a serious threat to water supply security. 相似文献
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