Mussels document loss of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the return to baseline conditions for oiled shorelines in Prince William Sound, Alaska     

Page DS  Boehm PD  Brown JS  Neff JM  Burns WA  Bence AE 《Marine environmental research》2005,60(4):422-436

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were measured in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) collected between 1990 and 2002 from 11 sites on the shores of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, that were heavily oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS). This study, utilizing the methods of the NOAA Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program, found that concentrations of PAH released from spill remnants have decreased dramatically with time and by 2002 were at or near the range of total PAH (TPAH) of 3-355 ng/g dry weight obtained for mussels from unoiled reference sites in PWS. Time-series TPAH data indicate a mean TPAH half-life in mussel tissues of 2.4 years with a range from 1.4 to 5.3, yielding an annual mean loss of bioaccumulated TPAH of 25%. The petroleum-derived TPAH fraction in mussel tissues has decreased with time, reflecting the decreasing release of EVOS residues in shoreline sediments. These results show that PAH from EVOS residues that remain buried in shoreline sediments after the early 1990s are in a form and at locations that have a low accessibility to mussels living in the intertidal zone.  相似文献   

南太平洋专属经济区锰结核和富钴壳的评价——库克岛专属经济区及邻区的结核     

Cron.  DS 李国胜 《海洋地质》1992,(1):108-126

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Aqueous alteration of the Bali CV3 chondrite: evidence from mineralogy, mineral chemistry, and oxygen isotopic compositions     

Keller LP  Thomas KL  Clayton RN  Mayeda TK  DeHart JM  McKay DS 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1994,58(24):5589-5598

A petrographic, geochemical, and oxygen isotopic study of the Bali CV3 carbonaceous chondrite revealed that the meteorite has undergone extensive deformation and aqueous alteration on its parent body. Deformation textures are common and include flattened chondrules, a well-developed foliation, and the presence of distinctive (100) planar defects in olivine. The occurrence of alteration products associated with the planar defects indicates that the deformation features formed prior to the episode of aqueous alteration. The secondary minerals produced during the alteration event include well-crystallized Mg-rich saponite, framboidal magnetite, and Ca-phosphates. The alteration products are not homogeneously distributed throughout the meteorite, but occur in regions adjacent to relatively unaltered material, such as veins of altered material following the foliation. The alteration assemblage formed under oxidizing conditions at relatively low temperatures (<100 degrees C). Altered regions in Bali have higher Na, Ca, and P contents than unaltered regions which suggests that the fluid phase carried significant dissolved solids. Oxygen isotopic compositions for unaltered regions in Bali fall within the field for other CV3 whole-rocks, however, the oxygen isotopic compositions of the heavily altered material lie in the region for the CM and CR chondrites. The heavy-isotope enrichment of the altered regions in Bali suggest alteration conditions similar to those for the petrographic type-2 carbonaceous chondrites.  相似文献   

Time resolved simulation of lightning by lip     

Jebens DS  Lakkaraju HS  McKay CP  Borucki WJ 《Geophysical research letters》1992,19(3):273-276

In this letter, we report results of time resolved spectra of lightning simulation in air by laser-induced plasma (LIP). The measured electron temperatures varied from (1.7 +/- 0.1)X10(4) K at 600 ns to (1.2 +/- 0.1)X10(4)K at 4 microseconds after the ignition of the plasma. Electron densities in the plasma varied from (7.0 +/- 1.4)X10(17)/cm3 to (9.0 +/- 1.8)X10(16)/cm3 for the above times. We also present, for the first time, a comparison of state variables for LIP and natural lightning. We find that immediately following the ignition both natural lightning and LIP reach temperatures in excess of 16,000K and relax to ambient pressure with different rates. They are expected to approach 2000 - 4000 K temperature range, which is important to chemical synthesis, in an asymptotically similar fashion.  相似文献   

风成石英沙颗粒的圆度     

Thom.  DS 熊文俊 《地质科学译丛》1989,(2):92-93

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白云鄂博的钾-钡长石系列与钡交代作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨子元  孙未君  Lawrence J. Drew 《地质找矿论丛》1993,8(3):89-94

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大洋中锰的地球化学     

Lisi.  AP 杨子元 《冶金地质动态》1990,(5):29-33

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利用大地观测台网对1992年6月28日兰德斯地震破裂过程的研究     

Dreg.  DS 张孟申 《世界地震译丛》1995,(2):32-44

使用正演点源求和技术对大地观测台网记录到的１９９２年６月２８日兰德斯地震的位移地震图进行了决定性的模拟。虽然数据组是稀少的，但仍能有力地确定主要的破裂裂参数。例如，总滑动分布、破裂速度、上升时间和总的震源持续时间。如能得到本区合适的格林函数表，则本比较简单的方法于大震后的快速跟踪使用。  相似文献   

地质雷达：天线频率和在第四纪沉积中的最大可能穿透深度     

Smith  DS 陈玉堂 《地震科技情报》1996,(7):12-16

在美国犹他州布莱汉姆市附近的砂乐中地质雷达２５，５０，１００和２００ＭＨｚ天线的最大可能窗透深度进行了测定试验，我们发现，这种沉积环境（富含石英，厚而倾斜的砾支）对于试验目的来说是已知的最合适的场所，使用１０００Ｖ的发射器和２５ＭＨｚ的天线能够探测５２ｍ的地层，并且有可能达到５７ｍ深，对于５０，１００和２００ＭＨｚ天线而言防碍地层界面有效探测的信号过分损失分别发生在４７，３７和２８ｍ以下，根据２５  相似文献   

中国南方主要优质锰矿勘查评价研究     

刘仁福  杨子元 《冶金地质动态》1995,(11):6-8

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