Formulation of the Caspian Sea’s legal regime using a joint zone approach     

Seyed Amin Nejat  Davoud H. Bavand  Parvin Farshchi 《Water Resources》2016,43(3):571-578

The legal regime of the Caspian Sea has been determined under Treaties 1921 and 1940 by and between Iran and former Soviet Union. In fact, we are neither to explain it nor to determine. As understood from the provisions therein, the exploitation and use of the Caspian Sea by both countries are based on the Condominium. However, there is a 10-nautical mile strip as exclusive fishing areas which have been allocated to the states under the 1940 treaty. It means that Soviet Union and Iran may benefit the marine livings resources out of that strip on an equal manner. This right also includes the seabed and underlying bed. So, the legal regime of this sea may be based on a 10-nautical mile exclusive region for all five states and the remaining part as common and joint area under an agreement until an explaining and supervising organization is established to exploit and supervise over living and non-livings resources.  相似文献   

GIS-based bivariate statistical techniques for groundwater potential analysis (an example of Iran)     

Ali Haghizadeh  Davoud Davoudi Moghaddam  Hamid Reza Pourghasemi 《Journal of Earth System Science》2017,126(8):109

Groundwater potential analysis prepares better comprehension of hydrological settings of different regions. This study shows the potency of two GIS-based data driven bivariate techniques namely statistical index (SI) and Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) to analyze groundwater potential in Broujerd region of Iran. The research was done using 11 groundwater conditioning factors and 496 spring positions. Based on the ground water potential maps (GPMs) of SI and DST methods, 24.22% and 23.74% of the study area is covered by poor zone of groundwater potential, and 43.93% and 36.3% of Broujerd region is covered by good and very good potential zones, respectively. The validation of outcomes displayed that area under the curve (AUC) of SI and DST techniques are 81.23% and 79.41%, respectively, which shows SI method has slightly a better performance than the DST technique. Therefore, SI and DST methods are advantageous to analyze groundwater capacity and scrutinize the complicated relation between groundwater occurrence and groundwater conditioning factors, which permits investigation of both systemic and stochastic uncertainty. Finally, it can be realized that these techniques are very beneficial for groundwater potential analyzing and can be practical for water-resource management experts.  相似文献   

Designing a model for organizing volunteer personnel in disasters and emergencies in Tehran’s hospitals: an integrated approach of Fuzzy Delphi and interpretative structure modeling (ISM)     

Jannat  Forouzandeh  Khorasani-Zavareh  Davoud  Mir-Aghazadeh-Attari  Javad  Allahbakhshi  Kiyoumars  Mohebbi  Iraj 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):1807-1821

Natural Hazards - Organization of volunteer personnel and proper management of these enormous and valuable human resources to make that most of their scientific, experiential, physical, and...  相似文献   

Characterization of Iranian Obsidian Artifacts by PIXE and Multivariate Statistical Analysis     

Davoud Agha‐Aligol  Mohammad Lamehi‐Rachti  Parvin Oliaiy  Farah Shokouhi  Mohammad Farmahini Farahani  Mahmoud Moradi  Fatemeh Farshi Jalali 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(3):261-270

It had long been thought that obsidian found in Iranian sites originated from Anatolia and Armenia, but new research has challenged this assumption. In this study, 68 samples of obsidian obtained from an archaeological survey of Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz were analyzed by Proton Induced X‐ray Emission (PIXE). Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz is a tell site west of the city of Aslanduz in the Parsabad county of the Ardebil province in northern Iran. The site was inhabited from the first millennium B.C. to A.D. 17, and its history may extend back to the third or fourth millennium B.C. Our chemical composition results have been combined with obsidian composition data from Turkey and Armenia and subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This analysis shows that obsidian from each location can be grouped into distinctive classes—the obsidian from Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz is therefore probably derived from volcanic outcrops of the Sahand and Sabalan region. This study has been unable to assign a known source from Anatolia and Armenia for the obsidian of Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz.  相似文献   

Toward integrated smart city: a new model for implementation and design challenges     

Attaran  Houbakht  Kheibari  Nahid  Bahrepour  Davoud 《GeoJournal》2022,87(4):511-526

In smart city architecture, information and communication technologies are used to improve living standards and its management by citizens and government. Most researchers have divided this structure into six main components: smart people, the smart government, smart environment, smart transportation, smart economy, and smart life. Due to the connection between smart cities and the challenges resulting from their implementation and especially its integration, there exists no perfect solution for the concept of an integrated smart city so far according to our studies. Some more general concepts such as security, ICT infrastructure, and knowledge are not seen integrative in these structures. Therefore, it seems that new sub-components and general extra-components should be added to the existing models to form an integrated structure in such a way that the executive projects are located in their proper place in this structure and create and guarantee the integration of the smart city. Therefore, the requirements engineering of the smart city can also be explained more precisely. This study presents a model of an integrated graph in such a way that besides maintaining and improving the model of the smart city and existing models, it will fully cover the integration and requirements engineering and methodologies of the smart city in the future. The present paper offers an upgraded model of a six-component smart city structure as a flexible integrated dynamic graph so that beside maintaining the features of existing smart city models, it ensures its integrity, dynamism, flexibility and performance and prevents the failure of smart operations. Due to its flexibility, adaptability and localization, the proposed model presented in this paper can create an integrated solution and facilitating the life cycle of executive systems and enable governments and communities to predict and prevent sudden events such as natural disasters, pandemics like Covid-19 and the like as well as managing and leading their target community in the best way.

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