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Wan Mengfei Liu Zhongdong Chen Yongfu Lu Caiyuan Li Kechang Wang Fahe Wang Xiaomei Liu Boxiang 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(3):892-897
Octenylsuccinate starch ester, also called pure gum, is non-toxic and odourless modified starch which is widely used in many food fields. This study synthesized pure gum in a reaction kettle using the low molecular weight trehalose and octenyl succinic acid. An orthogonal test was carried out to find how the reaction factors affect the synthetization of octenylsuccinic acid polysaccharide ester and to optimize the reaction at single factor level. The optimal products were obtained using 1:2 of octenylsuccinic acid:alginic acid, catalysed by 0.1% p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst for 1.5 h at 200℃ under vacuum conditions.The gained product contains up to 46% of seaweed gel monoesters. The degree of esterification of the polysaccharide is controlled by the use of the small-molecule trehalose. Compared with the traditional methods, our process can reduce raw material cost and improve emulsification stability of pure gum. These all can significantly improve the market competitiveness of pure gum products. 相似文献
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Sun Fahe Wang Jiaxing Ma Chuanyi Li Wenhan Zhang Fengkai Fan Kerui 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(3):1225-1236
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Cross-hole radar is a method for geophysical exploration of geological conditions between two holes that can meet the need for refined detection of... 相似文献
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WANG Xinfeng WANG Tao Ravi Kant PATHAK Mattias HALLQUIST GAO Xiaomei NIE Wei XUE Likun GAO Jian GAO Rui ZHANG Qingzhu WANG Wenxing WANG Shulan CHAI Fahe CHEN Yizhen 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):341-353
For the 2008 Olympic Games, drastic control measures were implemented on
industrial and urban emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and other pollutants to address the issues of poor air quality in
Beijing. To investigate the effects of SO2 and NOx reductions on
the particulate sulfate and nitrate concentrations as well as their size
distributions, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using
micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDIs) at urban and downwind rural
sites in Beijing before and after full-scale controls. During the sampling
period, the mass concentrations of fine particles (PM1.8) at the urban
and rural sites were 94.0 and 85.9 μg m-3, respectively. More than
90% of the sulfates and ～60% of nitrates formed as fine
particles. Benefiting from the advantageous meteorological conditions and
the source controls, sulfates were observed in rather low concentrations and
primarily in condensation mode during the Olympics. The effects of the
control measures were separately analyzed for the northerly and the
southerly air-mass-dominated days to account for any bias. After the control
measures were implemented, PM, sulfates, and nitrates were significantly
reduced when the northerly air masses prevailed, with a higher percentage of
reduction in larger particles. The droplet mode particles, which dominated
the sulfates and nitrates before the controls were implemented, were
remarkably reduced in mass concentration after the control measures were
implemented. Nevertheless, when the polluted southerly air masses prevailed,
the local source control measures in Beijing did not effectively reduce the
ambient sulfate concentration due to the enormous regional contribution from
the North China Plain. 相似文献
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Roadside, Urban, and Rural comparison of size distribution characteristics of PAHs and carbonaceous components of Beijing, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Jingchun Duan Jihua Tan Shulan Wang Fahe Chai Kebin He Jimin Hao 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2012,69(4):337-349
Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected with a low-pressure impactor (LPI) at urban, roadside and rural sites in winter in Beijing. The size distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were measured and this study focused on their size distributions and relationships of PAH to OC/EC. All PAHs show uni-modal at the accumulation mode (0.1–1.8 μm) and almost all PAHs are associated with fine particles. The absence of PAHs in the nucleus mode contributes to the coagulation under the condition of high concentration of the accumulation mode particles. The absence of PAHs in the coarse mode was probably attributed to the low temperature that restrained the redistribution of PAHs from the accumulation mode to the coarse mode. Flu(fluoranthene) and Pyr(pyrene, 4-ring) were the most abundant particulate PAHs ; however, IcdP(indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) and BghiP(benzo[ghi]perylene, 6-ring) were rather low. Diagnostic ratios show vehicle and coal burning were the major sources of PAHs in winter. Ratios at rural site are obviously different from those found at roadside and urban sites. Lower value of OC/EC in the rural area than that in the urban area was probably resulted from coal burning prevailed in the rural area. OC1 and OC2 exhibit uni-mode distribution similar to their particle surface area distribution indicating their existence on particles by adsorption. OC3 and OC4 show bi-mode distribution. Grinding of biomass debris can be a probable source of OC3 and OC4 in the coarse mode. EC1 is mostly from the pyrolysis of OC; however, both the natural and anthropogenic emissions contribute to EC2. The correlation between size-segregated PAHs and carbonaceous component is also discussed to identify their sources. 相似文献
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WAN Mengfei LIU Zhongdong CHEN Yongfu LU Caiyuan LI Kechang WANG Fahe WANG Xiaomei LIU Boxiang 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(3):892-897
Octenylsuccinate starch ester,also called pure gum,is non-toxic and odourless modified starch which is widely used in many food fields.This study synthesized pure gum in a reaction kettle using the low molecular weight trehalose and octenyl succinic acid.An orthogonal test was carried out to find how the reaction factors aff ect the synthetization of octenylsuccinic acid polysaccharide ester and to optimize the reaction at single factor level.The optimal products were obtained using 1:2 of octenylsuccinic acid:alginic acid,catalysed by 0.1% p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst for 1.5h at 200℃ under vacuum conditions.The gained product contains up to 46%of seaweed gel monoesters.The degree of esterification of the polysaccharide is controlled by the use of the small-molecule trehalose.Compared with the traditional methods,our process can reduce raw material cost and improve emulsification stability of pure gum.These all can significantly improve the market competitiveness of pure gum products. 相似文献
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