排序方式： 共有38条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Fabrice Ardhuin François-Régis Martin-Lauzer Bertrand Chapron Philippe Craneguy Fanny Girard-Ardhuin Tanos Elfouhaily 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(12):1121-1130
We model the drift velocity near the ocean surface separating the motion induced by the local current, itself influenced by winds and waves, and the motion induced by the waves, which are generated by local and remote winds. Application to the drift of ‘tar balls’, following the sinking of the oil tanker Prestige-Nassau in November 2002, shows that waves contribute at least one third of the drift for pollutants floating 1 m below the surface, with a mean direction about 30° to the right of the wind-sea direction. Although not new, this result was previously obtained with specific models, whereas the formalism used here combines classical wave and circulation forecasting models. To cite this article: F. Ardhuin et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
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Jonathan Irwin Suzanne Aigrain Simon Hodgkin Keivan G. Stassun Leslie Hebb Mike Irwin Estelle Moraux Jerome Bouvier Aude Alapini Richard Alexander D. M. Bramich Jon Holtzman Eduardo L. Martín Mark J. McCaughrean Frédéric Pont P. E. Verrier María Rosa Zapatero Osorio 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(2):541-550
We present a general recipe for constructing N -body realizations of galaxies comprising near spherical and disc components. First, an exact spherical distribution function for the spheroids (halo and bulge) is determined, such that it is in equilibrium with the gravitational monopole of the disc components. Second, an N -body realization of this model is adapted to the full disc potential by growing the latter adiabatically from its monopole. Finally, the disc is sampled with particles drawn from an appropriate distribution function, avoiding local-Maxwellian approximations. We performed test simulations and find that the halo and bulge radial density profile very closely match their target model, while they become slightly oblate due to the added disc gravity. Our findings suggest that vertical thickening of the initially thin disc is caused predominantly by spiral and bar instabilities, which also result in a radial re-distribution of matter, rather than scattering off interloping massive halo particles. 相似文献
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The economics of climate change impacts and policy benefits at city scale: a conceptual framework 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cities are particularly vulnerable to climate change and climate extremes in part because they concentrate many activities,
people and wealth in limited areas. As a result they represent an important scale for assessment and understanding of climate
change impacts. This paper provides a conceptual and methodological framework for urban economic impact assessment of climate
change. The focus of the paper is on model-based analysis of future scenarios, including a framing of uncertainty for these
projections, as one valuable input into the decision-making process. The paper highlights the main assessment difficulties,
methods and tools, and selected examples across these areas. A number of challenges are unique to climate change impact assessment
and others are unique to the problem of working at local scales. The paper also identifies the need for additional research,
including the need for more integrated and systemic approaches to address climate change as a part of the urban development
challenge as well as the need to assess the economic impacts of climate change and response policy at local scale. 相似文献
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Fanny Girard-Ardhuin B. Bénech B. Campistron J. Dessens S. Jacoby-Koaly 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,106(1):93-115
On 11 August 1999, a near-total solar eclipse (80%) was observed in Campistrous, France. The influence of this particular event on the atmospheric boundary layer was observed with a UHF-RASS radar, a sodar and an instrumented mast. The changes in turbulence intensity, radar reflectivity, and temperature on the radiative budget are described in relation to collocated ground meteorological data. The impact of the eclipse induces a clear response of the atmosphere, with a time lag of 15 to 30 min, perceptible in several mean and turbulent meteorological variables up to the top of the atmospheric boundary layer. 相似文献
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Insights into the origin of primitive silica-undersaturated arc magmas of Aoba volcano (Vanuatu arc) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Fanny Sorbadere Pierre Schiano Nicole Métrich Esline Garaebiti 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(5):995-1009
Aoba picrites in Vanuatu arc (Southwestern Pacific) offer the opportunity to address the question of the origin of Si-undersaturated
arc magmas, through the geochemical study of their olivine-hosted melt inclusions. These latter delineate a differentiation
trend of calc-alkaline silica-undersaturated basalts, with typical trace-element patterns of arc magmas. The most primitive
melt inclusions, preserved in olivines with Fo ≥ 89, have normative nepheline compositions with CaO/Al2O3 > 0.8, but belong to three distinct populations differing in their enrichment or depletion in LILE, Cl, and alkalis (Rb,
K). The dominant population is characterized by medium-LILE concentrations (La/Yb ~ 7–8) and represents the parental magma
of the Aoba lavas. The two others (La/Yb ~ 20 and 2) are either significantly enriched or extremely depleted in LILE, Cl,
and alkalis. This compositional variability of primitive magma batches requires the multi-stage mixing between melts generated
by partial melting of both peridotite and clinopyroxene-rich lithologies. Medium-LILE magma derives from the mixing between
peridotite- and clinopyroxenite-derived melts, whereas the high- and low-LILE melts involve amphibole-bearing and amphibole-free
clinopyroxenite sources, respectively. 相似文献