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1.
汶川大地震（MS 8.0）同震变形作用及其与地质灾害的关系 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
2008年5月12日发生于四川盆地西部龙门山断裂带的汶川大地震（MS 8.0）波及半个亚洲,震撼整个中国。本文通过地震后的实地调查,对发育在龙门山断裂带上的同震地表破裂带的分布、产状、继承性复活与变形特征,以及同震变形与地震地质灾害的关系等进行了初步总结,分析表明这次汶川大地震(MS 8.0)沿北川-映秀逆冲断裂和安县-灌县逆冲断裂同时发生地表破裂,前者产生以高角度逆冲兼右旋走滑为特征的地表破裂带长约275 km,后者产生以缓倾角逆冲作用为特征的地表破裂带长约80 km。汶川大地震的同震地表破裂带分布具有分段性特征,并与地表破坏程度的分带性有着一定的内在联系,详细研究表明,同震地表破裂带的产状直接影响地表破坏程度和地震地质灾害的强度,汶川大地震（MS 8.0）沿呈高角度陡倾的北川-映秀逆冲断裂发育的同震地表变形所产生的地表破坏程度和地震地质灾害的强度比沿缓倾角的安县-灌县逆冲断裂要强。从各种类型的地震断裂来看,具有垂直运动的逆冲型地震断裂所造成的地表破坏程度和地质灾害强度比具水平运动的走滑型地震断裂要强。因此,汶川大地震发生的破裂过程和同震地表变形与地震地质灾害的关系值得深入研究。 相似文献
2.
Concentrations of zinc, cadmium, copper, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and molybdenum are examined in brown algae, Fucus serratus and F. vesiculosus, from Cardigan Bay, Irish Sea, Great Britain. In both species a seasonal variation in metal content was observed. Zinc, cadmium, copper, iron nickel and cobalt concentrations were highest in the spring and lowest in the autumn, probably reflecting levels of metabolic activity and climatic factors. All the studied elements, except nickel, reached highest concentrations in harbour specimens from Aberystwyth and Aberaeron where rivers draining mineralized areas enter the sea. Outside harbours, marked regional variations were observed in most of the studied elements. Zinc values were highest in the Aberystwyth area while copper and manganese were highest in the northeast part of the bay.Trace-element concentrations varied among different species from the same locality and also varied according to position on the shore.Marine algae may be used to monitor coastal-water trace-metal concentrations, provided a careful sampling procedure is adopted. 相似文献
3.
An analytical method previously applied to the determination of fluorine in rocks and minerals would seem to be ideal for exploration samples such as soils, stream sediments and vegetation. The determination which utilises the Zr-xylenol orange complex is performed on acidified leachates following sodium carbonate fusion. This digestion technique is rapid, simple and amenable to batch sample processing. The method, which is applicable to samples containing from about 10 ppm to over 3% fluorine, is essentially interference free. 相似文献
4.
The potential pathfinder elements iodine, as total (Itot) and watersoluble (Iaq), chlorine (Cltot and Claq) together with F, As, Pb, Zn and Cu have been determined in B horizon soils over proved lead-zinc mineralisation east of the disused Glogfawr mine, Dyfed, Wales. Pb and Cu are anomalous in soils over this occurrence while Zn fails to reflect underlying mineralisation. Total and water soluble I and Cl show anomalously high values over the proved mineralisation and also indicate extensions along the trend of the mineralised fracture system to the south-southwest and the north-northeast; these anomalies are more extensive than those formed by Pb or Cu.In the soils analysed there is a strong correlation between Itot and Iaq and Cltot and Claq and it is possible that a simple water-extractable method could be of use in geochemical prospecting. 相似文献
5.
R. Fuge 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1977,61(3):245-249
The behaviour of fluorine and chlorine during differentiation is considered in the light of halogen data for granites and separated biotites from the Dartmoor granite pluton of S.W. England, hornblende-bearing ultrabasic and basic rocks from a layered intrusion at Rhiw, N. Wales, and recent literature data on halogens in apatites from the Shonkin Sag laccolith and the Skaergaard intrusion.The data indicate that whereas fluorine concentrations are highest in the late stage differentiates, chlorine concentration is highest in the earlier differentiates. It is suggested that this behaviour of the two halogens is due to their relative affinities for silicate melts. Chlorine having a low solubility in silicate melts and a strong affinity for associated aqueous phases will tend to be concentrated in early formed hydrous minerals, leaving fluorine with its strong affinity for the melt to be enriched in the late-formed hydrous minerals. 相似文献
6.
Colorimetric analyses have been made for F, Cl and I in a suite of African carbonatites specially selected for their freshness. F and Cl vary widely both in absolute and relative amounts between intrusions, but F/Cl ratios are usually consistent in samples from the same intrusion. Although samples from both the 2 b.y. Phalaborwa complex and the modern Oldoinyo Lengai lavas have low F/Cl values, there is considerable variation during geological time. Iodine (up to 1.8 ppm) has been found in the carbonatites of Phalaborwa, Sukulu and Oldoinyo Lengai; the only common factor seems to be the high sulphur content of the carbonatites at these localities. 相似文献
7.
锂(Li)被国家列为了"关键金属".位于四川西部的甲基卡稀有金属矿田锂资源得天独厚,累计查明氧化锂(Li2O)资源储量286.11万t,预测远景资源量500万t,是世界级硬岩型锂矿富集区.二云母花岗岩以含锂辉石、锂白云母、黑鳞云母以及电气石、磷灰石为特征.花岗岩细晶岩型锂矿为主体并与伟晶岩型锂矿共存,且发育韵律式条带结构是甲基卡矿田独有的特点.笔者以在甲基卡地区及外围调查研究与找矿勘探实践为基础,总结了甲基卡锂等稀有多金属矿田的成矿地质特征,从二云母花岗岩、伟晶岩脉以及韵律式条带结构、地球化学、包裹体等方面的特征,探讨了锂金属超常富集的成因,提出了甲基卡花岗岩浆多中心底辟穹隆、不混溶Li-F花岗质岩浆、半开放裂隙系统的脉动式多期充填-交代及花岗质岩浆结晶分异-自交代成岩成矿的认识.这一认识对稀有金属找矿具有重要意义,但对于稀有金属的分配、迁移、超常富集过程等科学问题还需要继续深入研究,以期更大的找矿突破. 相似文献
9.
Brown seaweeds are unable to regulate their uptake of trace metals and can therefore be used to provide a running average of metal contamination in the surrounding waters. There are many sources of error, however, and misleading results can be obtained if attention is not paid to factors that influence the metal concentrations in the weed. This becomes particularly important when comparing the results of different investigators. 相似文献
10.
四川龙门山地区反转构造样式分析及其成因机制探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
反转构造是当今构造地质学研究的新兴热点领域,本文尝试以反转构造和断层相关褶皱理论来探讨龙门山褶皱冲断带及川西前陆盆地中的反转构造样式及其成因。著者在综合前人研究成果的基础上,通过野外地质调查,室内构造分析与建模系统研究了龙门山地区典型的反转构造样式,讨论了龙门山带的反转性质,主干断裂的成因以及反转动力学机制。研究表明,龙门山的发育机制为一斜向正反转过程,区内发育有反转断层转折褶皱、被动陆缘型反转滑脱褶皱、反转断层传播褶皱以及受古生代裂谷控制的反转构造等反转构造类型;反转时期主要为印支期,本区在印支运动之前同时属被动陆缘和裂谷的构造背景;进入印支期后,受扬子陆块、华北陆块、羌塘陆块之间相互碰撞的影响而造山。该过程在本区不同地段表现存在差异,这种差异受控于前期的构造格局以及后期不同方向挤压应力的叠加。四川前陆盆地的发育和该过程有密切的联系,盆地内部具有裂谷构造反转的证据。 相似文献