Histopathological biomarkers in estuarine fish species for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stentiford GD  Longshaw M  Lyons BP  Jones G  Green M  Feist SW 《Marine environmental research》2003,55(2):137-159

The increasing emphasis on the assessment and monitoring of estuarine ecosystems has highlighted the need to deploy appropriate biological indices for these locations. Fish diseases and histopathology, with a broad range of causes, are increasingly being used as indicators of environmental stress since they provide a definite biological end-point of historical exposure. This study reports on the histopathological alterations observed in selected organs and tissues of three species of estuarine fish (Platichthys flesus, Pomatoschistus minutus and Zoarces viviparus), captured from four British estuaries (the Tyne, Tees, Mersey and Alde), differently impacted by contaminants, including PAHs. A biannual sampling regime was used to identify the important seasonal variations that occur in terms of the observed biological effects. Inflammatory lesions and hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions attained their highest prevalence in P. flesus captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey. The presence of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic toxicopathic lesions was highest in P. flesus captured from these sites, when compared to fish from the Aide reference site. In particular, the prevalence of hepatic foci of cellular alteration (up to 43.3%) and hepatocellular adenoma (up to 10%) were highest in P. flesus captured from the Mersey estuary. Intersex (ovotestis) was only recorded in male P.flesus captured from the Mersey estuary (up to 8.3%) and from male Z. viviparous captured from the Tyne estuary (25%). Pathologies associated with the gill and the kidney were also most prevalent in fish captured from the Tyne, Tees and Mersey estuaries. This study has successfully applied histopathology to an estuarine monitoring program, both for the recording of toxicopathic lesions in the liver and other organs, and for the detection of the endpoint of endocrine disruption, intersex. As such, it provides a powerful integrative tool for the assessment of biological effects of contaminants in these environments.  相似文献   

A search for endogenous amino acids in the Martian meteorite EETA79001     

McDonald GD  Bada JL 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1995,59(6):1179-1184

The Antarctic shergottite EETA79001 is believed to be an impact-ejected fragment of the planet Mars. Samples of the carbonate (white druse) and the basaltic (lithology A) components from this meteorite have been found to contain amino acids at a level of approximately 1 ppm and 0.4 ppm, respectively. The detected amino acids consist almost exclusively of the L-enantiomers of the amino acids commonly found in proteins, and are thus terrestrial contaminants. There is no indication of the presence of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, one of the most abundant amino acids in several carbonaceous chondrites. The relative abundances of amino acids in the druse material resemble those in Antarctic ice, suggesting that the source of the amino acids may be ice meltwater. The level of amino acids in EETA79001 druse is not by itself sufficient to account for the 600-700 ppm of volatile C reported in druse samples and suggested to be from endogenous martian organic material. However, estimates of total terrestrial organic C present in the druse material based on our amino acid analyses and the organic C content of polar ice can account for most of the reported putative organic C in EETA79001 druse.  相似文献   

GEOLOGICAL MARKS OF A POSSIBLE EXTRATERRESTRIAL IMPACT EVENT ON THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN SINIAN/CAMBRIAN IN TIANMENSHAN IN WESTERN HUNAN     

HUANG Huaiyong  WANG Daojing  CHEN Guanghao  YIN Hanhui 《大地构造与成矿学(英文版)》2004,28(1):43-52

Geologic marks related to extraterrestrial impact events, such as impact split gravels, impact brecciate layers, impact dikes, microirghizites, microtektites, especially meteoritic residues, were discovered on the boundary between Sinian/Cambrian at Tianmenshan of Western Hunan, which may possibly demonstrate that an extraterrestrial impact event has ever occurred there on the S/C boundary.  相似文献   

降雨条件下多层结构喷出岩滑坡孔隙水压力变化与稳定性分析     

康璇  徐光黎  刘府生  董同新 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018,29(1):15-22

多层结构喷出岩滑坡的形成条件和内部岩层组合都十分特殊。以浙江省下个寮滑坡为例,分析滑坡变形与降雨之间的关系,并采用数值模拟对坡体内部孔隙水压力和稳定性进行分析。结果表明:因为多次间隔喷发形成的强、中风化交替岩层,致使坡体内部岩体力学性质不统一。当降雨持续进行时,由于渗透性低的中风化夹层存在,深部岩体比浅部接受降雨入渗相对滞后,且前部岩体孔压变动较后部更迟缓,雨水入渗易在渗透系数较低的中风化层中受阻,并顺层面排泄,从而产生软化作用,联合坡体内部渗流场的变动,推动滑坡变形。  相似文献   

工程岩体质量分级的模糊综合评判   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘启千  徐光黎 《地球科学》1989,14(3):291-296

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节理岩体变形模量估算新方法     

徐光黎  潘别桐 《地球科学》1991,16(5):573-580

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Cryostorage of hepatic microsomes from two marine mammal species: effects on cytochrome P450-monooxygenase activities and content     

Tilley RE  Kemp GD  Hall AJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,46(5):654-658

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Using UCODE_2005 and PHREEQC to determine thermodynamic constants from experimental data     

Skold ME  Thyne GD  McCray JE 《Ground water》2007,45(3):368-373

This article presents a method for estimating chemical thermodynamic constants from experimental data using the two computer programs UCODE_2005 and PHREEQC. As an example, the conditional stability constant for lead (Pb) complexation by a remediation agent (carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin) is estimated, but the method can be applied to estimate other thermodynamic parameters such as sorption constants and degradation rate constants. Advantages of this technique include estimation of uncertainties associated with estimated parameters, evaluation of information content of observations, statistical evaluation of the appropriateness of the conceptual model, and statistical-based comparison of different models.  相似文献   

SBPM试验不同长径比颗粒流细观模拟     

张亚飞  徐光黎  胡焕忠 《工程地质学报》2014,(1)

自钻式旁压试验(Self-boring pressure-meter)具有对原位土体扰动小,测试深度大,能够得到不同深度处土体的应力-变形曲线,在测定地基土性参数和地基承载力上具有广阔的应用前景。然而受分析手段和研究水平限制,目前对SBPM试验不同长径比(length-to-diameter ratio)测定器加载过程中周围土体的细观变形响应研究较少,而土体参数的确定与其变形机制是密切相关的,基于此,应用PFC3D(Particle Flow Code in Three Dimensions)颗粒流程序对不同长径比L/D(6、10、15、20)下自钻式旁压试验进行了数值模拟,对测定器孔应变一定时,周围土体的位移场和应力场分布变化进行了分析研究。试验结果表明:根据长径比的大小,位移场和径向应力场分布可分为两种形式:当长径比L/D=6时,位移场和应力场分布呈"弧形壁灯笼状",测定器周围土体变形在其高度上不符合平面应变轴对称条件,且L/D=6时的土体应力小于后3值(L/D=10、15、20时);当L/D=10、15、20时,则呈"直壁灯笼状",此时在测定器高度上应力分布比前者均匀,其变形基本符合平面应变轴对称条件。径向应力在测定器附近两侧形成近似成对称分布的数个应力集中区。当测定器径向应变一定时,随着L/D的增大孔壁处土体径向应力逐渐呈负指数减小并趋于稳定。  相似文献   

声波测试法在判别地下厂房EDZ中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

徐光黎  董家兴  李志鹏  宋胜武  张世殊  王金生 《地球科学》2014,39(11):1599-1606

洞室开挖不可避免地会损伤岩体, 对于规模巨大、布置异常复杂的水电地下厂房围岩尤甚, 合理地确定开控损伤区(EDZ)分布成为地下洞室的信息化设计、施工和安全运营的关键性问题.在引入EDZ概念及强EDZ、弱EDZ和基本未损区分区的基础上, 提出采用声波测试方法来确定强EDZ和弱EDZ的分布.将声波波速-深度曲线划分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型等3种曲线类型, 根据曲线特征点, 对EDZ进行定性、半定量的初判.根据波速计算得出的损伤因子D, 对强、弱EDZ和基本未损区进行定量的判别.首次提出的基于声波测试法, 定性、半定量和定量相结合的综合研判法具有创新性, 为客观评价地下洞室EDZ提供了科学的方法.   相似文献