排序方式： 共有37条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This paper uses the disaster diplomacy framework to address the impact of the 26 December 2004 tsunami disaster on the decades-long conflict between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the Government of Indonesia. This framework enables the identification of a micro-factors of great importance in securing momentum for the peace talks. These factors include informal networks being created, plus disaster relief and diplomacy occurring at multiple levels through multi-way processes and the position of GAM dedicated to reconstruction activities. This paper further shows that, in the case of Aceh, the disaster had a deep influence on the peace talks between GAM and the Indonesian government and on the eventual implementation of the peace agreement reached. However, the tsunami disaster should not be considered the sole vector of peace in Aceh, but as a powerful catalyst in diplomatic talks, since negotiation between both sides were ongoing before the disaster and were favoured by recent changes in the political environment. Twenty-eight months after the tsunami catastrophe, it is actually non-disaster and internal political factors which are likely to have a more significant impact on the long-term resolution of the Aceh conflict. One important outcome is that it appears that the slow, unequal and often poor reconstruction process is not hindering, or even threatening, the peace process because tsunami disaster related factors are less important for peace than non-tsunami disaster related factors, findings in line with previous disaster diplomacy case studies. 相似文献
2.
Pore water aliquots were taken with an in situ close interval sampler: the “Peeper”.We report here the pore water concentration profiles of TCO2, SO4, TH2S, Ca and the trace metals Mn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr from sediments of a relatively polluted area, the Villefranche Bay, on the French Riviera (close to Nice).We investigated the major ion concentrations in order to establish geochemical mass balances of organic matter oxidation. ΔTCO2/ΔSO4 was <−2.0, reflecting the precipitation of calcite as confirmed by the calcium profile. Reduction of sulfate led to increasing sulfide concentrations with depth.Trace metal interstitial water concentrations decreased from 63 to 5 nM, 18 to 4 nM and 6.6 to less than 2 nM for Cu, Pb and Cr, respectively. Cd showed a different pattern with top and deep values of 0.7 nM and a minimum of 0.27 nM.Thermodynamic calculations were performed which suggest the potential formation of mineral phases such as sulfides. 相似文献
3.
Chemistry and micromorphological studies of calcretes occurring in the interdunal calcpan site of Singi Talav, near Didwana, Rajasthan, India are presented in this paper. These analyses reveal that the calcretes are formed by a process of reprecipitation and recementation. They are pedo-sedimentary and are also affected by groundwater during origin. A geomorphic model for explaining the evolution of the calc-pan site is suggested. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Cold seep deposits of Beauvoisin (Oxfordian; southeastern France) and Marmorito (Miocene; northern Italy): microbially induced authigenic carbonates 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
J. Peckmann V. Thiel W. Michaelis P. Clari C. Gaillard L. Martire J. Reitner 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(1):60-75
The relation of two well-known ancient carbonate deposits to hydrocarbon seepage was confirmed by this study. Archaea are
found to be associated with the formation of Oxfordian seep carbonates from Beauvoisin and with a Miocene limestone from Marmorito
("tube-worm limestone"). Carbonates formed due to a mediation by archaea exhibit extremely positive or extremely negative
δ13Ccarbonate values, respectively. Highly positive values (+15‰) reflect the use of 13C-enriched CO2 produced by methanogenesis. Low δ13C values of the Marmorito carbonates (–30‰) indicate the oxidation of seepage-derived hydrocarbons. Likewise, the δ13C content of specific tail-to-tail linked isoprenoids, biomarkers for archaea, was found to be strikingly depleted in these
samples (as low as –115‰). The isotopic signatures corroborate that archaea were involved in the cycling of seepage-derived
organic carbon at the ancient localities. Another Miocene limestone ("Marmorito limestone") shows a strong imprint of methanotrophic
bacteria as indicated by δ13C values of carbonate as low as –40‰ and biomarker evidence. Epifluorescence microscopy and field-emission scanning electron
microscopy revealed that bacterial biofilms were involved in carbonate aggregation. In addition to lucinid bivalves previously
reported from both localities, we infer that sponges from Beauvoisin and tube worms from Marmorito depended on chemosynthesis
as well. Low δ13C values of nodules related to sponge taphonomy (–27‰) indicate that sponges might have been linked to an enhanced hydrocarbon
oxidation. Tube worm fossils from Marmorito closely resemble chemosynthetic pogonophoran tube worms from Recent cold seeps
and are embedded in isotopically light carbonate (δ13C –30‰).
Received: 13 October 1998 / Accepted: 5 February 1999 相似文献
7.
Mount Pinatubo volcano erupted in June 1991 in the main island of Luzon belonging to the Philippines archipelago. Huge economic
losses and population exodus have followed. This major crisis has been relayed with other crises due to rain-fed lahars which
have been supplied with eruption deposits. These lahars have occurred every year since 1991 during the rainy season. They
will probably last until 2005. After a brief presentation of the Philippine official response system to disasters, this paper
draws up a critical analysis of the different kinds of institutional and social responses deployed to manage the different
crisis and post-crisis phases of this event. Based on three viewpoints: from population, media and other actors, this analysis
attempts to point out the strengths and weaknesses of the official management system, especially by studying the efficiency
and the range of the solutions taken. So, it appears that the management of the June 1991 main crisis (eruption) was a success.
On the other hand, difficulties have occurred with lahars risk management. Indeed, these lahars have obliged the authorities
to protect and relocate thousands of people. In spite of persistent problems, the management system (monitoring/warning/evacuation)
of lahar crises improves year after year. Failures appear especially within the rehabilitation program (protection/rehousing).
Many direct (lack of means, preparedness, coordination, dialog, etc.) and indirect (politico-administrative, socio-economic,
cultural contexts) factors come together to lock the wheels of the institutional response system. They defer the socio-economic
start of this vital northern Philippines area.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Natural Hazards - This article constitutes an effort towards providing an academic overview and grounding for the concept of capacities in the context of disaster studies and disaster risk... 相似文献
9.
The electrical conductivity of basaltic melts has been measured in real-time after fO2 step-changes in order to investigate redox kinetics. Experimental investigations were performed at 1 atm in a vertical furnace between 1200 and 1400 °C using air, pure CO2 or CO/CO2 gas mixtures to buffer oxygen fugacity in the range 10−8 to 0.2 bars. Ferric/ferrous ratios were determined by wet chemical titrations. A small but detectable effect of fO2 on the electrical conductivity is observed. The more reduced the melt, the higher the conductivity. A modified Arrhenian equation accounts for both T and fO2 effects on the electrical conductivity. We show that time-dependent changes in electrical conductivity following fO2 step-changes monitor the rate of Fe2+/Fe3+ changes. The conductivity change with time corresponds to a diffusion-limited process in the case of reduction in CO-CO2 gas mixtures and oxidation in air. However, a reaction at the gas-melt interface probably rate limits oxidation of the melt under pure CO2. Reduction and oxidation rates are similar and both increase with temperature. Those rates range from 10−9 to 10−8 m2/s for the temperature interval 1200-1400 °C and show activation energy of about 200 kJ/mol. The redox mechanism that best explains our results involves a cooperative motion of cations and oxygen, allowing such fast oxidation-reduction rates. 相似文献
10.
The objective of this study was to investigate the possible links between regional climate, fire and vegetation at the small spatial scale during the early and mid Holocene in southern Sweden using pollen, plant macrofossil and charcoal records from a small bog. The fire history was compared with climate reconstructions inferred from various proxy records in the study region. High fire activity is related to dry and warm climate around 8550, 7600, 5500–5100 and 4500 cal. a BC. Low fire activity ca. 6500–6000 and 4750 BC may correspond to the widespread ‘8.2 k event’ (ca. 6200 BC) recorded across the North Atlantic region, and a later, brief period of increased precipitation, respectively. The decrease in broadleaved trees culminating ca. 6500–6000 BC correlates with the ‘8.2 k event’. A long mid Holocene period with low fire activity (ca. 4350–1000 BC) agrees with the pattern emerging for Europe from the global charcoal database, and may correspond to generally wetter and cooler conditions. High fire activity ca. 8550 BC probably triggered the local establishment of Corylus. Warmer and drier conditions (and high fire activity) ca. 7600 BC might have favoured the establishment of Alnus, Quercus and Tilia. The fire‐adapted Pinus maintained important populations throughout the early and mid Holocene. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献