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1.
2.
Florent Deleflie Gilles Métris Pierre Exertier 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,94(1):83-104
This paper studies the long period variations of the eccentricity vector of the orbit of an artificial satellite, under the
influence of the gravity field of a central body. We use modified orbital elements which are non-singular at zero eccentricity.
We expand the long periodic part of the corresponding Lagrange equations as power series of the eccentricity. The coefficients
characterizing the differential system depend on the zonal coefficients of the geopotential, and on initial semi-major axis,
inclination, and eccentricity. The differential equations for the components of the eccentricity vector are then integrated
analytically, with a definition of the period of the perigee based on the notion of “free eccentricity”, and which is also
valid for circular orbits. The analytical solution is compared to a numerical integration. This study is a generalization
of (Cook, Planet. Space Sci., 14, 1966): first, the coefficients involved in the differential equations depend on all zonal coefficients (and not only on
the very first ones); second, our method applies to nearly circular orbits as well as to not too eccentric orbits. Except
for the critical inclination, our solution is valid for all kinds of long period motions of the perigee, i.e., circulations
or librations around an equilibrium point. 相似文献
3.
Sylvie Charbit Masa Kageyama Didier Roche Catherine Ritz Gilles Ramstein 《Global and Planetary Change》2005,48(4):1887
A coupling procedure between a climate model of intermediate complexity (CLIMBER-2.3) and a 3-dimensional thermo-mechanical ice-sheet model (GREMLINS) has been elaborated. The resulting coupled model describes the evolution of atmosphere, ocean, biosphere, cryosphere and their mutual interactions. It is used to perform several simulations of the Last Deglaciation period to identify the physical mechanisms at the origin of the deglaciation process. Our baseline experiment, forced by insolation and atmospheric CO2, produces almost complete deglaciation of past northern hemisphere continental ice sheets, although ice remains over the Cordilleran region at the end of the simulation and also in Alaska and Eastern Siberia. Results clearly demonstrate that, in this study, the melting of the North American ice sheet is critically dependent on the deglaciation of Fennoscandia through processes involving switches of the thermohaline circulation from a glacial mode to a modern one and associated warming of the northern hemisphere. A set of sensitivity experiments has been carried out to test the relative importance of both forcing factors and internal processes in the deglaciation mechanism. It appears that the deglaciation is primarily driven by insolation. However, the atmospheric CO2 modulates the timing of the melting of the Fennoscandian ice sheet, and results relative to Laurentide illustrate the existence of threshold CO2 values, that can be translated in terms of critical temperature, below which the deglaciation is impeded. Finally, we show that the beginning of the deglaciation process of the Laurentide ice sheet may be influenced by the time at which the shift of the thermohaline circulation from one mode to the other occurs. 相似文献
4.
An Example of Island-Arc Petrogenesis: Geochemistry and Petrology of the Southern Luzon Arc, Philippines 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
DEFANT MARC J.; MAURY REN? C.; RIPLEY EDWARD M.; FEIGENSON MARK D.; JACQUES DARIO 《Journal of Petrology》1991,32(3):455-500
Volcanism throughout the Luzon arc is associated with eastwardsubduction of the South China Sea floor along the Manila Trench.The southern section of the arc, the focus of this study, extendsfrom the Lingayen-Dingalan fault to the small islands just southof Luzon. Two segments appear to exist along this section ofthe arc the northern Bataan and southern Mindoro segments whichare separated by the Macolod Corridor. The volcanic rocks have typical arc phenocryst mineralogies:olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and titanomagnetite inthe most mafic rocks and clinopyroxene, plagioclase, orthopyroxene,titanomagnetite, ? amphibole in the more felsic samples. Complexzoning, sieve textures, and decoupling of incompatible traceelements suggest that processes such as assimilation have takenplace. The rocks from the study area range from basalts to rhyolitesand show typical calc-alkaline features. The rocks of the MacolodCorridor and Mindoro segment are particularly enriched in largeion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE),and radiogenic Sr compared with the Bataan segment. The datafall within the mantle array on Sr-Nd isotopic diagrams andgrade toward higher Sr and lower Nd isotopic values from northto south. A likely source for the volcanics of this study is either amid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type mantle that undergoes higherdegrees of partial melting than regions involved in MORB generationor a previously depleted source. We suggest that the high fieldstrength element (HFSE) anomalies have been derived throughdifferential element partitioning during fluid transport fromthe subducted lithosphere to the mantle wedge. Continental crustal material seems to play a significant roleparticularly in the Macolod Corridor and the Mindoro segment,based on the high LILE, La/Sm ratios, radiogenic Sr isotopes,and 18O values. The Macolod Corridor and the Mindoro segmenthave undergone source contamination by crustal material fromthe North Palawan-Mindoro crustal block either during the collisionof this block with the Manila Trench or by subduction of sedimentsrich in this crustal material. A similar component has alsobeen detected in the Bataan segment but in minor amounts. Thetrace element and isotopic differences between the northernand southern sections of the arc are interpreted in terms ofvariable composition (i. e., variable amounts of a crustal componentintroduced from the Palawan-Mindoro crustal terrain) of themetasomatic fluids released into the source. 相似文献
5.
Unconsolidated sand, gravel and clay deposits near Beihai and in the Leizhou Peninsula in southern China form an unconfined
aquifer, aquitard and a confined aquifer. Water and soil samples were collected from the two aquifers in the coastal Beihai
area for the determination of chemical compositions, minerals and soluble ions. Hydrogeochemical modeling of three flow paths
through the aquitard are carried out using PHREEQC to determine water–rock interactions along the flow paths. The results
indicate that the dissolution of anorthite, fluorite, halite, rhodochrosite and CO2, and precipitation of potash feldspar and kaolinite may be occurring when groundwater leaks through the aquitard from the
unconfined aquifer to the confined aquifer. Cation exchanges between Na and Ca can also happen along the flow paths. 相似文献
6.
Diel patterns in the chlorophyll a specific absorption coefficient of surface picoplankton, a*pico (γ) (m2·[mg chlorophyll a]−1), were studied at 7 stations under daily cycle of in situ light condition in the western subarctic Pacific and Japan Sea. All the data were normalized by dividing the anomaly with daily averaged a*pico (γ). Opposite diel patterns were observed for the normalized a*pico (443) and a*pico (675) with maximum toward dawn or dusk and minimum toward midday at 4 stations under low-irradiance (LI) conditions and vice versa at 3 stations under high-irradiance (HI) conditions. The absorption efficiency factors at red absorption peak, Q
a (675), were determined by reconstruction with intracellular chlorophyll a concentration and cell diameter. The normalized Q
a (675) also showed diel pattern with maximum toward midday and minimum toward dawn or dusk under LI. The diel pattern in a*pico (675) and Q
a (675) were primarily caused by changes in intracellular chlorophyll a concentration due to photoadaptation under LI. The diel pattern in a*pico (443) was influenced by pigmentation, as recognized by blue to red ratio [a*pico (443)/a*pico (675)] under HI. This study proposed that the opposite diel pattern in a*pico (γ) might occur for a wide range of algal species. The results presented here have important consequences for the interpretation of diel variations in optical properties observed in the open ocean. 相似文献
7.
Toru?Iwata Keiko?Yoshikawa Katsutoshi?Nishimura Yoshihisa?Higuchi Takao?Yamashita Shigeru?Kato Eiji?OhtakiEmail author 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(6):995-1000
The measurements of the vertical transport of CO2 were carried out over the Sea of Japan using the specially designed pier of Kyoto University on September 20 to 22, 2000. CO2 fluxes were measured by the eddy correlation and aerodynamic techniques. Both techniques showed comparable CO2 fluxes during sea breeze conditions: −0.001 to −0.08 mg m−2s−1 with the mean of −0.05 mg m−2s−1. This means that the measuring site satisfies the fetch requirement for meteorological observations under sea breeze conditions. Moreover, the eddy diffusivity coefficient used in the aerodynamic technique is found to be consistent with the coefficient used in the eddy correlation technique. The present result leads us to conclude that the aerodynamic technique may be applicable to underway CO2 flux measurements over the ocean and may be used in place of the bulk technique. The important point is the need to maintain a measuring accuracy of CO2 concentration difference of the order of 0.1 ppmv on the research vessels or the buoys. 相似文献
8.
Roles of Biogeochemical Processes in the Oceanic Carbon Cycle Described with a Simple Coupled Physical-Biogeochemical Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masahiko?FujiiEmail author Motoyoshi?Ikeda Yasuhiro?Yamanaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(5):803-815
To evaluate the contribution of biogeochemical processes to the oceanic carbon cycle and to calculate the ratio of calcium
carbonate to organic carbon downward export, we have incorporated biological and alkalinity pumps in the yoked high-latitude
exchange/interior diffusion-advection (YOLDA) model. The biogeochemical processes are represented by four parameters. The
values of the parameters are tuned so that the model can reproduce the observed phosphate and alkalinity distributions in
each oceanic region. The sensitivity of the model to the biogeochemical parameters shows that biological production rates
in the euphotic zone and decomposition depths of particulate matters significantly influence horizontal and vertical distributions
of biogeochemical substances. The modeled vertical fluxes of particulate organic phosphorus and calcium carbonate are converted
to vertical carbon fluxes by the biological pump and the alkalinity pump, respectively. The downward carbon flux from the
surface layer to the deep layer in the entire region is estimated to be 3.36 PgC/yr, which consists of 2.93 PgC/yr from the
biological pump and 0.43 PgC/yr from the alkalinity pump, which is consistent with previous studies. The modeled rain ratio
is higher with depth and higher in the Pacific and Indian Oceans than in the Atlantic Ocean. The global rain ratio at the
surface layer is calculated to be 0.14 to 0.15. This value lies between the lower and higher ends of the previous estimates,
which range widely from 0.05 to 0.25. This study indicates that the rain ratio is unlikely to be higher than 0.15, at least
in the surface waters. 相似文献
9.
Monthon?Ganmanee Teruyoshi?Narita Hideo?SekiguchiEmail author 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(6):1071-1083
Based on our long-term data from megabenthos sampling from 1993 to 2002 in Ise Bay, central Japan, we examined spatio-temporal variations in taxon composition, species richness and its distribution of megabenthos in the bay in relation to the occurrence of the oxygen-poor water (i.e. oxygen content less than 3 ppm) in bottom waters of the bay. A total of 261 species were identified including 6 cnidarians, 1 tentaculate, 5 annelids, 71 molluscs, 72 crustaceans, 16 echinoderms, 12 urochordates and 78 pisces. Of the most abundant 10 megabenthos species, the following 4 species of echinoderms made up more than the half of megabenthos biomass: Luidia quinaria, Echinocardium cordatum, Asterias amurensis and Astropecten scoparius. Species richness of megabenthos varied significantly between seasons and among stations. The severity and period of occurrence of the oxygen-poor water developing every summer play an important role in determining spatial distributions of species richness in the bay. 相似文献
10.
Tatsuya?IwataEmail author Yoshiko?Shinomura Yuta?Natori Yasumasa?Igarashi Rumi?Sohrin Yoshimi?Suzuki 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(4):721-732
We investigated the water structure and nutrient distribution in the Suruga Bay from April 2000 to July 2002, especially the Offshore Water, which occupies a large part of the bay. The maximum salinity in the upper 200 m varied between 34.49 and 34.71, indicating a temporal change in the influence of Kuroshio Water on the Offshore Water. Seasonal variation in nutrient concentrations was largest from surface to 50 m. On the other hand, the variance in nutrient concentrations within each season was largest in the subsurface layer of 100–300 m in spring, summer and fall. In the Offshore Water, the change of nutrients was negatively correlated with that of salinity in each season. This suggests that an increasing intrusion of saline water brings about a lower nutrient concentration in the Offshore Water. Likewise, negative correlations were observed between the change of the maximum salinity and chlorophyll a (Δ [chl.a-int])/nutrients integrated in the upper 200 m. Δ[chl.a-int] was significantly correlated with the changes of nitrate and phosphorus, but there were no significant correlations between Δ[chl.a-int] and the change of silicate. These results suggest that the concentrations of chlorophyll a and nutrients in the Offshore Water were decreased due to the increasing intrusion of Kuroshio Water. The Offshore Water is likely to be related to the regulation of primary production by nitrate. 相似文献