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1.
The influence of salinity on the heat-shock protein response of Potamocorbula amurensis (Bivalvia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Werner I 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):803-807
For biomarkers to be useful in assessing anthropogenic impacts in field studies involving aquatic organisms, they should not be affected by naturally occurring changes in environmental parameters such as salinity. This is especially important in estuarine environments and for relatively unspecific biomarkers like heat-shock proteins (hsps, stress proteins). In this study, the heat-shock protein response was measured in the euryhaline clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, after exposure to a range of salinities reflecting normal and extreme environmental conditions in Northern San Francisco Bay, California. The ability to raise cellular hsp70 levels in response to heat-shock was significantly impaired in P. amurensis collected from a low (0.5 ppt) salinity field site, and after 14 day exposure to low salinity in the laboratory. 相似文献
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Biomarker responses in Macoma nasuta (Bivalvia) exposed to sediments from northern San Francisco Bay
Ingeborg Werner Swee J. Teh Seema Datta XiaoQiao Lu Thomas M. Young 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):299
Our study investigates biomarker responses and survival of Macoma nasuta exposed to sediments collected from six locations in northern San Francisco Bay. Biomarkers analyzed were stress proteins (hsp70) in gill, mantle and digestive gland, lysosomal membrane damage and histopathologic lesions. Sediments and clam tissues were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of heavy metals and trace organic pollutants. Sediment grain size and organic carbon content were determined. Clams accumulated metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (aldrin and p,p′-DDT and its metabolites p,p′-DDD and p,p′-DDE). Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that mortality, hsp70 in gill and histopathologic lesion scores in gonads, and lysosomal membrane damage were significantly correlated with tissue concentrations of DDT and/or its metabolites. Tissue concentrations of metals, in particular nickel, chromium, and copper, were associated with macrophage aggregates in digestive gland and germ cell necrosis. Cadmium was linked to mortality and lysosomal membrane damage. 相似文献
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Geological and engineering characteristics of expansive soils and rocks in northern Oman 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The geology and former climate of northern Oman favoured the formation of smectite clay minerals in certain materials which are implicated in ground heave problems. Investigations have shown that the smectite content of these expansive materials was developed in Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene times. No evidence of a significant content of smectite was found in pre Eocene strata or in Quaternary strata, except for Desert Fill. It is shown that the main types of expansive materials in northern Oman are bentonitic mudstones, marls and silty mudstones, argillaceous dolomitic limestone, altered conglomerates and the desert fill derived from these. These swelling materials exist as impersistent bands within the bedrock Tertiary conglomerates and limestones. A geotechnical testing program was carried out on undisturbed samples from Sultan Qaboos University staff housing areas where building damage had occurred, to evaluate mineralogical composition, cation content and swelling characteristics. The test results characterized these soils/rocks as highly expansive type with Na-smectite as the dominant clay mineral. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide esfenvalerate on medaka (Oryzias latipes) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Werner I Geist J Okihiro M Rosenkranz P Hinton DE 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):609-614
The pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate is widely used on orchard crops throughout California. In the aquatic environment, this compound is likely to accumulate in sediments, food particles and benthic organisms due to its lipophilicity and environmental persistence. This pilot project tested the hypothesis that esfenvalerate is toxic to medaka (Oryzias latipes) when taken up with the diet. For 7 days fish were fed diets, which contained esfenvalerate in three different concentrations (4, 21, 148 mg/kg, measured). Endpoints measured were mortality, fecundity, fertilization and hatching success of embryos, viability of larvae and cellular stress protein (hsp60, hsp70, hsp90) levels. The toxicity of aqueous exposure of medaka to esfenvalerate was also determined. Whereas the 96-h LC50 in the aqueous exposure was <9.4 microg/l, the dietary exposure did not cause mortality. Possible effects of dietary esfenvalerate were seen on fertilization and hatching success and the number of non-viable larvae. Expression of hsp60 and hsp90 showed a dose-dependent response pattern. 相似文献
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Depth Distribution and Abundance of Northern Adriatic Littoral Rocky Reef Blennioid Fishes (Blenniidae and Tripterygion) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Abstract. Species' depth distributions and abundances were visually assessed along 24 transects in a northern Adriatic assemblage of blennioid fishes (14 species of Blenniidae , 1 species of Triptery-giidue). Total abundance of blennioids was highest in 0.5-1 m depth, decreasing upwards and downwards. Species diversity (S hannon -W iener ) is highest at the shallowest depth (0-0.5 in). The curybathic species Parablennius incognitus, Lipophrys dalmatinus, Tripterygion tripteronotus , and Parablennius tentacularis were most abundant at all depths (relative to the species investigated). All stenobathic species were most abundant at 0-0.5 m. Depth distribution patterns and abundance ranks of species were similar at western, eastern, southern, and northern transects. 相似文献
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Jean-Gabriel Bréhéret Jean-Jacques Macaire Amélie Fleury Agathe Fourmont Ingeborg Soulié-Märsche 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(5):479-485
The autochthonous magnesian carbonates and the gypsum depicted in the Holocene deposits from the ‘Marais de Sarliève’ (Limagne, France) result from an alkaline, magnesian and sulphated composition of waters. This is also recorded by the composition of algal micro- and macrophytes. This may be explained by the dissolved fluxes from the Oligocene catchment and from a restriction. During the historical period, the lake evolved towards a lesser restriction. To cite this article: J.-G. Bréhéret et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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First results of baseline observations from the new BAPMoN station Tenerife give information about the atmospheric background in this latitude of about 25° N in the North Atlantic. The influence of the meridional exchange with the northern part of the hemisphere as well as transport from the African continent is evident. Changes of air mass are strongly reflected in the concentration records of carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone depending on the seasonal and meridional distribution of these components. Transport of Sahara dust results in an increase of optical thickness and an ozone depletion. According to the seasonal frequency of characteristic transport conditions, these influences are reflected in the annual cycle of the records. 相似文献
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Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, hsps) form part of the cellular protein repair system, and are induced by a wide variety of Stressors. To determine their suitability as tools for assessing sublethal sediment toxicity, we measured levels of members of the stress protein families hsp60 and hsp70 in benthic estuarine amphipods (Ampelisca abdita) exposed to sediments from 23 different sampling sites in San Francisco Bay for 10 d. Concentrations of sediment-associated xenobiotics were determined. Per cent survival was recorded and surviving animals were analysed for stress proteins using western blotting techniques. An inverse correlation (r2 = 0.44) was seen between amphipod survival and hsp64 levels, and hsp64 levels were positively correlated with concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (r2 = 0.5). Principal component analysis revealed that amphipod mortality was linked to a combination of several PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene) and di-n-butylphthalate at southern San Francisco Bay sites. At northern San Francisco Bay sites, negative correlations were found between hsp64 levels and organotin compounds (MBT, DBT, TBT), and between hsp71 levels and the PAHs, benzo (b,k)fluoranthene and benzo(G,H,I)perylene, suggesting an inhibitory effect of these compounds on stress protein expression. 相似文献