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Ambreen Ghalib Sahar Mirza Danish Raza Ainnee Rafi Farhan Ali 《Transactions in GIS》2023,27(5):1318-1337
The key objective of the study is to collect the factors which play an important role in the city's sustainability and implementation advantages for the development of cities in future. This article develops an urban sustainability assessment framework by giving GIS-based decision support tools to guide cities toward sustainability. Multicriteria analysis was used as the decision support system and provides an analytical framework for assessing differences in the level of criteria and ranking decision options. It has the capability for assessment of urban sustainability because it brings sustainability criteria from three pillars of sustainability, environmental, social, and economic, which provide an integrated approach for assessment of urban sustainability. The GIS-based multicriteria analysis serves as a sustainability support system that maps urban sustainability and the underlying environmental, social, and economic conditions. The results from the study show that the four cities - Faisalabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, and Multan - have better economic conditions while only Lahore and Faisalabad showed social progress and the remaining cities showed less suitability. For the environmental index, none of the cities attained high suitability. Lahore, Faisalabad, and Rawalpindi showed better conditions than Gujranwala and Multan. It is demonstrated that Punjab cities have made progress in economic condition and improvement in social condition but have poor environmental condition. In the study, the environmental dimension has indicators which have more impact on the urban sustainability. Environmental degradation is observed in all selected regions and not a single region showed suitability toward its environmental condition and due to this none of the cities gained suitable scores for urban sustainability. Consequently, urban sustainability is a multidimensional and dynamic process that needs regular evaluation and monitoring. Thus, this article contends that the tools help to highlight and emphasize those areas that need guidance in achieving urban sustainability. 相似文献
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The developing countries at present have a high urban growth rate that is likely to continue for at least another quarter-century.
In addition, many of these urban centres are located in the Neogene plate boundary zones and are subject to multiple earthquake
and volcanic hazards. Slope failures and accelerated surface and channel erosion are particularly severe in cities near active
plate margins, and in areas affected also by tropical cyclones. We discuss two extreme cases: Singapore and Kingston (Jamaica).
Singapore is located in a stable environment and the urbanization related problems of flood and slope instability have been
reduced by proper building and drainage practices at a considerable cost. In Kingston, the external disturbances are repetitive,
large-scale, and very difficult to control. The fast-growing cities in the tropics need to be carefully monitored, especially
when located in an unstable physical environment.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Probabilistic seismic hazard of Pakistan, Azad-Jammu and Kashmir 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The seismic hazard study for Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir has been conducted by using probabilistic approach in terms
of peak ground acceleration (PGA) in m/s2 and also seismic hazard response spectra for different cities. A new version of Ambraseys et al. (Bull Earthq Eng 3:1–53,
2005) ground acceleration model is used, and parameterization is based on most recent updated earthquake catalogs that consisted
of 14,000 events. The threshold magnitude was fixed at M
w 4.8, but seismic zones like northern Pakistan–Tajikistan, Hindukush and northern Afghanistan–Tajikistan border had M
w 5.2. The average normalized ‘a’ and ‘b’ values for all zones are 6.15 and 0.95, respectively. Seismicity of study area was modeled, and ground motion was computed
for eight frequencies (0.025, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 s) for different annual exceedance rates of 0.02, 0.01, 0.005,
0.002 and 0.001 (return periods 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 years) for stiff rocks at the gridding of 0.1° × 0.1°. Seismic
hazard maps based on computed PGA for 0.02, 0.01 and 0.002 annual exceedance are prepared. These maps indicate the earthquake
hazard of Pakistan and surrounding areas in the form of acceleration contour lines, which are in agreement with geological
and seismotectonic characteristics of the study area. The maximum seismic hazard values are found at Muzaffarabad, Gilgit
and Quetta areas. 相似文献
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Rafi Yasmin Taj Sahaderan Renganathan Nagarajan Partha Gurunathan Baskar Manikom Velan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(10):787-792
In the present work, biosorption of Cr(VI) by Nymphaea rubra was investigated in batch studies. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of initial sorbent dosage, solution pH and initial Cr(VI) concentration. The results showed that the equilibrium uptake capacity was increased with decrease in biomass dosage. The Cr(VI) removal was influenced by the initial chromium compound concentration. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used to represent the equilibrium data. The Freundlich isotherm model was fitted very well with the equilibrium data when compared to Langmuir isotherm model. The sorption results were analyzed for pseudo‐first order and pseudo‐second order kinetic model. It was observed that the kinetic data fitted very well with the pseudo‐second order rate equation when compared to the pseudo‐first order rate equation. Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the presence of different functional groups in the biomass. The surface morphology of the sorbent was exemplified by SEM analysis. Aquatic weeds seem to be a promising biosorbent for the removal of chromium ions from water environment. This paper reports the research findings of a laboratory‐based study on the removal of Cr(VI) from the synthetic solution using the dried stem of N. rubra as a biosorbent. 相似文献
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Seismic hazard assessment for Quetta is carried out using probabilistic seismic hazard analysis technique based on area sources and augmented by line source used for the first time in Pakistan. Seismic data has been collected and analyzed in spatial and temporal domains. Five Seismic Zones have been modeled in line with tectonics of the region with b-value of 1.14 using regression. The b-value is slightly higher, which is attributed to the fact that aftershocks were not removed as it distorted the dataset. Five fault sources are modeled, with three as reverse and two as strike-slip with 7.8 as maximum magnitude. Mach Structure is included in the tectonics for the first time. The attenuation relation used in the present study is recommended by various researchers. The expected Peak Ground Acceleration for 500-year return period is 4.79 m/s2 for rock outcrop and characterized as very high. Furthermore, variation in spectral acceleration within Quetta city is observed, for which spectral curves are developed for four different places. 相似文献
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