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1.
Partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons between water and particles compared to bioaccumulation in mussels: a harbour case 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hellou J Steller S Leonard J Langille MA Tremblay D 《Marine environmental research》2005,59(2):101-117
Water and particles from three sites located in Halifax Harbour, near and further away from combined municipal sewage effluents (CMSE) were analysed for parental and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (par and alkPAH). Bioavailability of PAH was compared for inter-tidal mussels collected at the same sites in April and November. The PAH fingerprint determined over 9 sampling times covering a period of 19 months differed more between phases (water and particles) and seasons, than between sites. In the spring, more alkPAH associated with diesel and gasoline were detected in the soluble phase, along with more bioaccumulation of alkPAH in inter-tidal mussels. A broader number of parPAH were detected in mussels collected in the fall. The mean sum of dissolved alkPAH concentrations was higher in water at the site closer to raw CMSE than at the other two sites and particles of that site. However, lowest bioconcentration factors (BCF) were determined in mussels of this more contaminated site. Similar biota-particle accumulation factors (BPAF) were determined for parPAH in mussels from the three sites, all lower than the BCF of alkPAH. The study indicates that sewage treatment plants will reduce the amount of parPAH especially larger than fluoranthene and pyrene from being deposited in the harbour; that alk naphthalenes and fluorenes present in water will continue to be discharged; that the disturbance of sediments can make particle-bound PAH available to mussels. 相似文献
2.
Combining indicator trends to assess ongoing changes in exploited fish communities: diagnostic of communities off the coasts of France 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
3.
Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos Elaine Crespim Georgiana Feitosa da Cruz Diego Barbosa Senatore Karen Christina Marques Simioni Eugênio Vaz dos Santos Neto Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli Valéria Maia de Oliveira 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(5):574-588
The detection of microorganisms with potential for biodeterioration and biodegradation in petroleum fields is of great relevance, since these organisms may be related to a decrease in petroleum quality in the reservoirs or damage in the production facilities. In this sense, petroleum formation water and oil samples were collected from the Campos Basin, Brazil, with the aim of isolating microorganisms and evaluating their ability to degrade distinct classes of hydrocarbon biomarkers (9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, phytane, nonadecanoic acid and 5α-cholestane). Twenty eight bacterial isolates were recovered and identified by sequencing their 16S rRNA genes. Biodegradation assays revealed that bacterial metabolism of hydrocarbons occurred through reactions based on oxidation, carbon–carbon bond cleavage and generation of new bonds or by the physical incorporation of hydrocarbons into microbial cell walls. Based on the biodegradation results, selective PCR-based systems were developed for direct detection in petroleum samples of bacterial groups of interest, namely Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Dietzia spp. and Bacillus pumilus. Primer sets targeting 16S rRNA genes were designed and their specificity was confirmed in silico (i.e. computational analysis) and in PCR reactions using DNA from reference strains as positive and negative controls. Total DNA from oil was purified and the amplification tests revealed the presence of the target bacteria in the samples, unraveling a significant potential for petroleum deterioration in the reservoirs sampled, once proper conditions are present for hydrocarbon degradation. The application of molecular methods for rapid detection of specific microorganisms in environmental samples would be valuable as a supporting tool for the evaluation of oil quality in production reservoirs. 相似文献
4.
Abstract Laboratory flume experiments were undertaken to measure the vertical profiles of mean flow velocity for three different flow discharges and four different stem densities of Hydrilla verticillata. The data were used to calculate three parameters, namely Manning's roughness coefficient, the Reynolds number and the Froude number. In addition, empirical equations were obtained for the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity within the transitional zone and above the plant canopy. The results show that: (a) the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity exhibits three zone profiles; (b) Manning's roughness coefficient decreases with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity; (c) the relationship between Manning's roughness coefficient and the depth-averaged flow velocity is within the smooth left inverse curve; (d) Manning's roughness coefficient significantly changes with increasing density of Hydrilla; (e) the Froude number is independent of the density of Hydrilla; and (f) both the Reynolds number and the Froude number increase with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity. Citation Shi, J.Z., Li, Y.-H., Hughes, J.M.R., and Zhao, M., 2013. Hydrological characteristics of vegetated river flows: a laboratory flume study. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (5), 1047–1058. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz 相似文献
5.
Jacques Verron Pierre Sengenes Juliette Lambin Jocelyne Noubel Nathalie Steunou Amandine Guillot 《Marine Geodesy》2015,38(3):2-21
The India-France SARAL/AltiKa mission is the first Ka-band altimetric mission dedi-cated to oceanography. The mission objectives are primarily the observation of the oceanic mesoscales but also include coastal oceanography, global and regional sea level monitoring, data assimilation, and operational oceanography. Secondary objectives include ice sheet and inland waters monitoring. One year after launch, the results widely confirm the nominal expectations in terms of accuracy, data quality and data availability in general.Today's performances are compliant with specifications with an overall observed performance for the Sea Surface Height RMS of 3.4 cm to be compared to a 4 cm requirement. Some scientific examples are provided that illustrate some salient features of today's SARAL/AltiKa data with regard to standard altimetry: data availability, data accuracy at the mesoscales, data usefulness in costal area, over ice sheet, and for inland waters. 相似文献
6.
This paper is devoted to the numerical reliability and time requirements of the Mixed Finite Element (MFE) and Mixed-Hybrid Finite Element (MHFE) methods. The behavior of these methods is investigated under the influence of two factors: the mesh discretization and the medium heterogeneity. We show that, unlike the MFE, the MHFE suffers with the presence of badly shaped discretized elements. Thereat, a numerical reliability analyzing software (Aquarels) is used to detect the instability of a matrix-inversion code generated automatically by a symbolic manipulator. We also show that the spectral condition number of the algebraic systems furnished by both methods in heterogeneous media grows up linearly according to the smoothness of the hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, it is found that the MHFE could accumulate numerical errors if large jumps in the tensor of conductivity take place. Finally, we compare running-times for both algorithms by giving various numerical experiments. 相似文献
7.
In coastal marshes, fish larvae may be exposed simultaneously to extreme salinities and to atrazine, a widely used herbicide. To assess the effects of salinity on the toxicity of atrazine, newly-hatched mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to atrazine (0, 5, 50 and 500 microg/L) at three salinities (3, 15 and 35PSU). Whole body cortisol was measured after 24 h. Body length, condition factor, whole body proteins, lipids, residual masses and water contents were assessed after 96 h. Significants effects were found for both condition factor and water content. Condition factors were lower at salinity 3 and 35 compared to near isoosmotic salinity, 15PSU. In addition, atrazine decreased condition factor at 500 microg/L. Reduction in condition was likely due to retardation in axial growth since body length, percentages of proteins or lipids were not affected. In the absence of atrazine, salinity had no effect on the prevalence of dehydrated (81% water) or hyperhydrated (85% water) larvae. In larvae exposed to atrazine, the prevalence of hyperhydrated larvae increased at 3PSU and 5 microg/L atrazine and that of dehydrated larvae increased at 15 and 35PSU and 5 microg/L atrazine. Severity of dehydratation increased with atrazine concentration at salinity 35PSU. Thus, a short-term exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of atrazine affects osmotic control in mummichog larvae with possible effects on buoyancy, survival and recruitment. 相似文献
8.
Rawad Massoud Alan.L Shihadeh Mohamed Roumié Myriam Youness Jocelyne Gerard Nada Saliba Rita Zaarour Maher Abboud Wehbeh Farah Najat Aoun Saliba 《Atmospheric Research》2011,101(4):893-901
The results of the first large scale chemical characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 at three different sites in the urban city of Beirut, Lebanon, are presented. Between May 2009 and April 2010 a total of 304 PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected by sampling every sixth day at three different sites in Beirut. Observed mass concentrations varied between 19.7 and 521.2 μg m? 3 for PM10 and between 8.4 and 72.2 μg m? 3 for PM2.5, respectively. Inorganic concentrations accounted for 29.7–35.6 μg m? 3 and 46.0–53.5 μg m? 3 of the total mass of PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. Intra-city temporal and spatial variations were assessed based on the study of three factors: correlation coefficients (R) for PM and chemical components, coefficient of divergence (CODs), and source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Based on R and COD of PM concentrations, the three sites appear homogeneous. However, when individual elements were compared, heterogeneity among sites was found. This latter was attributed to the variability in the percent contribution of biogenic and local anthropogenic source factors such as traffic related sources and dust resuspension. Other factors included the proximity to the Mediterranean sea, the population density and the topographical structure of the city. Hence, despite its small size (20.8 km2), one PM monitoring site does not reflect an accurate PM level in Beirut. 相似文献
9.
Boris Tagirov Jacques Schott Jocelyne Escalier 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2004,68(6):1333-1345
Formation of aqueous aluminate-borate complexes was characterized at 25°C using 27Al NMR spectroscopy, and at 50-200°C via measurements of gibbsite and boehmite solubility in the presence of boric acid. 27Al spectra performed at pH = 9 in Al-B solution with m(B) = 0.02 show the presence of two peaks at 80.5 and 74.5 ppm which correspond to Al(OH)4− and a single Al-substituted Q1Al dimer, Al(OH)3OB(OH)2−, respectively. In 0.08 m and 0.2 m borate solution, a third peak appears at 68.5 ppm which can be assigned to the Q2Al trimer Al(OH)2O2(B(OH)2)2−. These chemical shifts are close to those measured for Al(OH)3OSi(OH)3− and Al(OH)2O2(Si(OH)3)2− (74 and 69.5 ppm, respectively; Pokrovski et al., Min. Mag.62a (1998), 1194) which demonstrates the similar structure of Al-B and Al-Si complexes formed in alkaline solutions. Gibbsite and boehmite solubility were measured in weakly basic solutions as a function of boric acid concentration at 50°C and 78 to 200°C, respectively. Equilibrium was reached within several days at m(B) = 0.01-0.1, but more slowly at higher boron concentrations, and at 50°C and m(B) = 0.2, Al concentration increased continuously during at least 3 months as a result of the sluggish formation of Al-polyborates. The equilibrium constant of the reaction Al(OH)4− + B(OH)30(aq) = Al(OH)3OB(OH)2− + H2O decreases very slowly with increasing temperature to 200°C. The log K values are 1.58 ± 0.10, 1.46 ± 0.10, 1.52 ± 0.15, and 1.25 ± 0.15 at 50, 78, 150 and 200°C, respectively, which result in the following values of the standard thermodynamic properties for this reaction: ΔrG0 = −9.22 ± 3.25 kJ/mol, ΔrH0 = −4.6 ± 2.5 kJ/mol, ΔrS0 = 15.5 ± 6.9 J/mol K. The thermodynamic data generated in this study indicate that Al-B complexes can dominate aqueous aluminum speciation in solutions containing ≥0.7 g/L of boron at temperature to at least 400°C. 相似文献
10.
Water resource management involves numerical simulations in order to study contamination of groundwater by chemical species.
Not only do the aqueous components move due to physical advection and dispersion processes, but they also react together and
with fixed components. Therefore, the mass balance couples transport and chemistry, and reactive transport models are partial
differential equations coupled with nonlinear algebraic equations. In this paper, we present a global method based on the
method of lines and differential algebraic system (DAE) solvers. At each time step, nonlinear systems are solved by a Newton-LU
method. We use this method to carry out numerical simulations for the reactive transport benchmark proposed by the MoMas research
group. Although we study only 1D computations with a specific geochemical system, several difficulties arise. Numerical experiments
show that our method can solve quite difficult problems, get accurate results and capture sharp fronts. 相似文献