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1.
新疆北部晚古生代埃达克岩、富铌玄武岩组合：古亚洲洋板块南向俯冲的证据 总被引：50，自引：0，他引：50
地球化学研究结果表明，新疆北部富蕴县境内的晚古生代下泥盆统托让格库都克组的安山质岩石具有与埃达克岩非常相似的地球化学特征，它们具有较高的Al2O3，Na2O和Sr含量以及Sr/Y比值；明显亏损重稀土和Y，它们的MORB标准化微量元素蛛网图表现为明显的Nb，Ta负异常和Sr正异常，同时强烈亏损高场强元素。与埃达克岩共生的玄武岩的地球化学特征则与富铌玄武岩一致，表现为Si过饱和及富Na的特征，同时具有较高的Nb，TiO2和P2O5含量，并富集高场强元素。由于埃达克岩和富铌玄武岩的形成均与板块俯冲有关，因此，它们的存在表明，古亚洲洋在早-中泥盆世向南(哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块)发生了一次洋壳俯冲作用。 相似文献
2.
Abstract Recent advanced chronological studies for the Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Northeast (NE) Japan arc revealed three volcanic fronts which differed in temporal and spatial distribution. These fronts were (i) the Matsumae-Shizukuishi-Shiogama line of 22–25 Ma which is obliquely across the Quaternary volcanic front (QVF); (ii) the Tomari-Shiogama line of 13–16 Ma which exists 30–50 km east of the QVF and (iii) a line of 0–8 Ma which is the same as the QVF. The first shifting of the 22–25 Ma line to the 13–16 Ma one was due to the counterclockwise rotation of the NE Japan arc during 20–12 Ma as proposed by Otofuji et al . (1985), and the second shifting of the 13–16 Ma line to the 0–8 Ma line could have contributed to a decrease in the dip of the slab of the Pacific plate which subducted beneath the NE Japan arc during 13–8 Ma. 相似文献
3.
Regional classification or regionalization is the most basic and important problem in geography and has three fundamental functions of providing a common language, transmitting some knowledge or information of regions, and permitting us to generalize inductively the areal system. This paper presents a quantitative method of homogeneous regionalization, which is one method of satisfying some requirements and ideas pursued by D. B. Grigg. As a result of applying this method to the socio-economic regionalization problem of the Nagoya metropolitan area, the clear difference in socio-economic regionality between the ward district of Nagoya city and the Iga district in Mie Prefecture and the existence of seven homogeneous regions can be recognized. The spatial configuration of these regions reveals a concentric pattern, in which the region named as a central commercial region comprises the central core and the other six regions spread themselves toward the outskirts of the Nagoya area. 相似文献
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The Jinnosuke-dani landslide is a giant landslide 2,000 m long and 500 m wide in the Haku-san Mountain area, Japan. It was
also the first landslide to be designated as a “Landslide Prevention Area” according to the “Japan Landslide Prevention Law.”
This landslide consists of alternating layers of sandstone and shale in the Tedori Formation, which was deposited from the
Jurassic period to the Early Cretaceous. Based on deformation monitoring results for more than 7 years, the landslide is divided
into upper and lower blocks. The upper block has moved at a speed of 80 to 170 mm/year, while the lower block has moved more
slowly (3 to 15 mm/year). Monitoring data show that the variation of the groundwater level has a great influence on the landslide
movement. The deteriorating effect of the weathering of the alternating layers of sandstone and shale on the landslide deformation
has been confirmed by borehole exploration and monitoring. 相似文献
7.
Shoko Oshigami Shinya Okuno Yasushi Yamaguchi Makiko Ohtake Junichi Haruyama Takao Kobayashi Atsushi Kumamoto Takayuki Ono 《Icarus》2012,218(1):506-512
Comparison of the Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) data to the Multiband Imager (MI) data is performed to identify the subsurface reflectors in Mare Serenitatis. The LRS is FM-CW radar (4–6 MHz) and the 2 MHz bandwidth leads to the range resolution of 75 m in a vacuum, whereas the sampling interval in the flight direction is about 75 m when an altitude of the spacecraft with polar orbit is nominal (100 km). Horizontally continuous reflectors were clearly detected by LRS in limited areas that consist of about 9% of the whole maria. The typical depth of the reflectors is estimated to be a few hundred meters. Layered structures of mare basalts are also discernible on some crater walls in the MI data of the visible bands (VIS). The VIS range has nine wavelengths of 415, 750, 900, 950, and 1000 nm, and their spatial resolution is 20 m/pixel at a nominal altitude. The stratigraphies around Bessel and Bessel-H craters in Mare Serenitatis are examined in this paper. It was revealed that the subsurface reflectors lie on the boundaries between basalt units with different chemical compositions. In addition, model calculations using the simplified radar equation indicate that the subsurface reflectors are not compositional interfaces but layer boundaries with a high-porosity contrast. These results suggest that the detected reflectors in Mare Serenitatis are regolith accumulated during so long hiatus of mare volcanisms enough for chemical composition of magma to change, not instantaneously. Therefore combination of the LRS and MI data has a potential to reveal characteristics of a series of magmatism forming each lithostratigraphic unit in Mare Serenitatis and other maria. 相似文献
8.
Structural changes of synthetic opal by heat treatment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Akane Arasuna Masayuki Okuno Hiroki Okudera Tomoyuki Mizukami Shoji Arai Shin’ichi Katayama Mikio Koyano Nobuaki Ito 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(9):747-755
The structural changes of synthetic opal by heat treatment up to 1,400 °C were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The results indicate that the dehydration and condensation of silanol in opal are very important factors in the structural evolution of heat-treated synthetic opal. Synthetic opal releases water molecules and silanols by heat treatment up to 400 °C, where the dehydration of silanol may lead to the condensation of a new Si–O–Si network comprising a four-membered ring structure of SiO4 tetrahedra, even at 400 °C. Above 600 °C, water molecules are lost and the opal surface and internal silanol molecules are completely dehydrated by heat effect, and the medium-temperature range structure of opal may begin to thermally reconstruct to six-membered rings of SiO4 tetrahedra. Above 1,000 °C, the opal structure almost approaches that of silica glass with an average structure of six-membered rings. Above 1,200 °C, the opal changes to low-cristobalite; however, minor evidence of low-tridymite stacking was evident after heat treatment at 1,400 °C. 相似文献
9.
Normal mode approaches for calculating viscoelastic responses of self-gravitating and compressible spherical earth models have an intrinsic problem of determining the roots of the secular equation and the associated residues in the Laplace domain. To bypass this problem, a method based on numerical inverse Laplace integration was developed by Tanaka et al. (2006, 2007) for computations of viscoelastic deformation caused by an internal dislocation. The advantage of this approach is that the root-finding problem is avoided without imposing additional constraints on the governing equations and earth models. In this study, we apply the same algorithm to computations of viscoelastic responses to a surface load and show that the results obtained by this approach agree well with those obtained by a time-domain approach that does not need determinations of the normal modes in the Laplace domain. Using the elastic earth model PREM and a convex viscosity profile, we calculate viscoelastic load Love numbers (h, l, k) for compressible and incompressible models. Comparisons between the results show that effects due to compressibility are consistent with results obtained by previous studies and that the rate differences between the two models total 10–40%. This will serve as an independent method to confirm results obtained by time-domain approaches and will usefully increase the reliability when modeling postglacial rebound. 相似文献
10.
M. Okuno B. Reynard Y. Shimada Y. Syono C. Willaime 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(4):304-311
The densification processes in SiO2 glass induced by shock-wave compression up to 43.4 GPa are investigated by Raman spectroscopy. At first, densification increases
with increasing shock pressure. A maximum densification of 11% is obtained for a shock pressure of 26.3 GPa. This densification
is attributed to the reduction of the average Si−O−Si angle, which occurs first by the collapse of the largest ring cavities,
then by further reduction of the average ring size. For higher shock pressures, a different structural modification is observed,
resulting in decreasing densification with increasing shock pressure. Indeed, the recovered densification becomes very small,
with values of 1.8 and 0.5% at 32 and 43.4 GPa, respectively. This is attributed to partial annealing of the samples due to
high after shock residual temperatures. The study of the annealing process of the most densified glass by in situ high temperature
Raman spectroscopy confirms that relaxation of the Si−O−Si angle starts at a lower temperature (about 800 K) than that of
the siloxane rings (about 1000 K), thus explaining the high intensity of the siloxane defect bands in the samples schocked
at compressions of 32 and 43.4 GPa. The large intensity of the siloxane bands in the nearly undensified samples shocked by
compressions above 30 GPa may be explained by the relaxation during decompression of five- and six-fold coordinated silicon
species formed at high pressure and high temperature during the shock event.
Received: March 30, 1998 / Revised, accepted: August 21, 1998 相似文献