一种新型测向传感器——磁通门罗盘     

胡平  孟宪萍  江钩仁 《海洋与湖沼》1992,23(3):318-324

本文对磁通门罗盘的基本工作原理、实验线路以及主要技术指标和一些测量数据作简要介绍,最后对仪器的误差进行简单分析并提出一些减小误差的改进措施。  相似文献   

Clouds, hazes, and the stratospheric methane abundance in Neptune     

Baines KH  Hammel HB 《Icarus》1994,109(1):20-39

Analysis of high-spatial-resolution (approximately 0.8 arcsec) methane band and continuum imagery of Neptune's relatively homogeneous Equatorial Region yields significant constraints on (1) the stratospheric gaseous methane mixing ratio (fCH4,s), (2) the column abundances and optical properties of stratospheric and tropospheric hydrocarbon hazes, and (3) the wavelength-dependent single-scattering albedo of the 3-bar opaque cloud. From the center-to-limb behavior of the 7270-angstroms and 8900-angstrom sCH4 bands, the stratospheric methane mixing ratio is limited to fCH4,s < 1.7 x 10(-3), with a nominal value of fCH4,s = 3.5 x 10(-4), one to two orders of magnitude less than pre-Voyager estimates, but in agreement with a number of recent ultraviolet and thermal infrared measurements, and largely in agreement with the tropopause mixing ratio implied by Voyager temperature measurements. Upper limits to the stratospheric haze mass column abundance and 6190-angstroms and 8900-angstroms haze opacities are 0.61 microgram cm-2 and 0.075 and 0.042, respectively, with nominal values of 0.20 microgram cm-2 and 0.025 and 0.014 for the 0.2-micrometer radius particles preferred by the recent Voyager PPS analysis of Pryor et al. (1992, Icarus 99, 302-316). The tropospheric CH4 haze opacities are comparable to that found in the stratosphere, upper limits of 0.104 and 0.065 at 6190 angstroms and 8900 angstroms, respectively, with nominal values of 0.085 and 0.058. This indicates a column abundance less than 11.0 micrograms cm-2, corresponding to the methane gas content within a well-mixed 3% methane tropospheric layer only 0.1 cm thick near the 1.5-bar CH4 condensation level. Constraints on the single-scattering albedos of these hazes include (1) for the stratospheric component, 6190-angstroms and 8900-angstroms imaginary indices of refraction less than 0.047 and 0.099, respectively, with 0.000 (conservative scattering) being the nominal value at both wavelengths, and (2) CH4 haze single-scattering albedos greater than 0.85 and 0.50 at these two wavelengths, with conservative scattering again begin the preferred value. However, conservative scattering is ruled out for the opaque cloud near 3 bars marking the bottom of the visible atmosphere. Specifically, we find cloud single-scattering albedos of 0.915 +/- 0.006 at 6340 angstroms, 0.775 +/- 0.012 at 7490 angstroms, and 0.803 +/- 0.010 at 8260 angstrom. Global models utilizing a complete global spectrum confirm the red-absorbing character of the 3-bar cloud. The global-mean model has approximately 7.7 times greater stratospheric aerosol content then the Equatorial Region. An analysis of stratospheric haze precipitation rates indicates a steady-state haze production rate of 0.185-1.5 x 10(-14) g cm-2 sec-1, in agreement with recent theoretical photochemical estimates. Finally, reanalysis of the Voyager PPS 7500-angstroms phase angle data utilizing the fCH4,s value derived here confirms the Pryor et al. result of a tropospheric CH4 haze opacity of a few tenths in the 22-30 degrees S latitude region, several times that of the Equatorial Region or of the globe. The factor-of-10 reduction in fCH4,s below that assumed by Pryor et al. implies decreased gas absorption and consequently a decrease in the forward-scattering component of tropospheric aerosols.  相似文献   

Fractionation of carbon isotopes by phytoplankton and estimates of ancient CO2 levels     

Freeman KH  Hayes JM 《Global biogeochemical cycles》1992,6(2):185-198

Reports of the 13C content of marine particulate organic carbon are compiled and on the basis of GEOSECS data and temperatures, concentrations, and isotopic compositions of dissolved CO2 in the waters in which the related phytoplankton grew are estimated. In this way, the fractionation of carbon isotopes during photosynthetic fixation of CO2 is found to be significantly correlated with concentrations of dissolved CO2. Because ancient carbon isotopic fractionations have been determined from analyses of sedimentary porphyrins [Popp et al., 1989], the relationship between isotopic fractionation and concentrations of dissolved CO2 developed here can be employed to estimate concentrations of CO2 dissolved in ancient oceans and, in turn, partial pressures of CO2 in ancient atmospheres. The calculations take into account the temperature dependence of chemical and isotopic equilibria in the dissolved-inorganic-carbon system and of air-sea equilibria. Paleoenvironmental temperatures for each sample are estimated from reconstructions of paleogeography, latitudinal temperature gradients, and secular changes in low-latitude sea surface temperature. It is estimated that atmospheric partial pressures of CO2 were over 1000 micro atm 160 - 100 Ma ago, then declined to values near 300 micro atm during the next 100 Ma. Analysis of a high-resolution record of carbon isotopic fractionation at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary suggests that the partial pressure of CO2 in the atmosphere was drawn down from values near 840 micro atm to values near 700 micro atm during the anoxic event.  相似文献   

湖南东江水库诱发地震   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

胡平  陈献程 《地球物理学报》1997,40(1):66-77

东江水库自蓄水前约半年起就开始进行地震监测，发震后通过密集台网强化观测、震源机制解及地震地质等多项工作，综合研究该库诱发地震发震原因，认为由于库水渗透引起的多种局部性应力调整导致水库诱发地震活动．其发展趋势将表现为逐渐衰减，今后不致于发生破坏性地震．  相似文献   

四川盆地早寒武世龙王庙期沉积特征与古地理   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

马腾  谭秀成  李凌  曾伟  金民东  罗冰  洪海涛  胡平 《沉积学报》2016,34(1):33-48

基于盆内及其周缘钻孔取芯和露头剖面资料,结合区域背景和龙王庙组地层充填厚度分析认为,四川盆地周缘龙王庙期北邻摩天岭微古陆和汉南古陆、西接康滇古陆,东南和东北分别为威信-黔江、石阡-秀山-龙山和镇巴-巫溪-巴东水下古隆起环抱;盆内呈近北东向展布的川中古隆起和阆中-通江坳陷、江津-奉节坳陷构成“一隆两坳”,南部泸州-筠连-昭通继承性坳陷依然存在;盆地及周缘向东北隅和东南隅分别接入秦岭洋和江南盆地。受此影响,龙王庙期发育连陆碳酸盐岩台地-斜坡-盆地沉积体系,连陆碳酸盐岩台地构成沉积主体,可识别出混积潮坪、局限-蒸发台地、半局限-局限台地和台地边缘沉积相类型;进一步通过碎屑岩含量与陆源方向、石灰岩、白云岩和膏盐岩含量与海域局限性和台地边缘相对位置、颗粒岩含量等分析,阐明了龙王庙期岩相古地理展布样式并建立了沉积模式。结果表明潮坪向海侧、水下古隆起、泸州-筠连-昭通坳陷周缘是颗粒滩有利发育区,乐山和资阳地区经由早寒武世早期的充填拼合作用已形成统一古隆起,震旦纪末期-早寒武世的南北向桐梓-筠连裂陷槽演变为泸州-筠连-昭通台内坳陷,研究成果对拓宽龙王庙组滩控岩溶型储层的勘探领域具有重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

气枪震源激发模式及应用   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

罗桂纯  葛洪魁  王宝善  胡平  母红旺  陈颙 《中国地震》2007,23(3):225-232

气枪震源是一种重要的人工地震震源。气枪阵列理论的提出,使得气枪阵列设计技术日趋成熟,并能够在石油勘探和地球物理探测中得到更加广泛的运用。气枪震源在不同领域中应用时,需要不同的组合和激发模式,以适应不同的探测要求。加强主脉冲和加强气泡脉冲,是目前两种主要的气枪激发模式。通过比较研究两种气枪激发模式,讨论各种激发模式在激发时间、气枪间距、频率、分辨率等方面的差异,为气枪震源的广泛运用提供依据。  相似文献   

Third world settlement frontiers: modest population absorbers     

Stone KH 《GeoJournal》1978,2(3):193-202

Conclusions This study concludes that a relatively small part of the Third World's increasing populations may be absorbed in their frontiers. Throuh the 49 locations are scattered throughout that world three characteristics are emphasized: 1) these are the principal regions where studies of population absorption potential should be initiated before any new settling is undertaken, 2) the frontiers are not as convenient to areas of world population pressure as is desirable, and 3) what are mapped as areas may turn out to be a series of spots requiring considerable detailed planning at local levels.Overall there is reason for some encouragement. Frontiering could be executed now with degrees of success if proper respect is paid the complexity of the task and to previous experience. It is suggested that a contemporary planner of new settling is wiser to elect areas where the process may build on an existing minimal geographic base of settlers and transportation so as to start relatively quickly and be at least partly commercial. Frontiers these days are unlikely to take as long to develop as they did 25 or 50 years ago. Nor should they. Moreover, the drive to raise world standards of living is calling for a new order of economies and one corollary is apparent: frontiers for subsistence living have minimal value now and in the future and should be short-lived, if existent at all. But, most important, the frontiers provide the possibility of meeting a part of a burgeoning problem in a way that is familiar to the people and that could be efficient.  相似文献   

基于DVB/IP的气象应急卫星通信系统的设计与应用     

孙娟  杨礼敏  黄云峰  胡平  尹春光  孙骁俊 《南京气象学院学报》2012,4(2):145-150

为配合移动多普勒气象雷达车的数据传输,实现应急通讯的会商以及重大天气过程的直播和保障,利用卫星通信、计算机网络、无线通信、图像传输、多媒体制作等多种技术集成设计了DVB/IP气象应急卫星通信系统.该系统从数据收集和通信层面上立足于气象防灾减灾的需求,为气象应急保障服务和决策指挥提供了强有力的技术支撑,将对上海市气象局应急处置能力的提高起到一定推动作用.  相似文献   

Geomasking sensitive health data and privacy protection: an evaluation using an E911 database   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Allshouse WB  Fitch MK  Hampton KH  Gesink DC  Doherty IA  Leone PA  Serre ML  Miller WC 《国际地球制图》2010,25(6):443-452

Geomasking is used to provide privacy protection for individual address information while maintaining spatial resolution for mapping purposes. Donut geomasking and other random perturbation geomasking algorithms rely on the assumption of a homogeneously distributed population to calculate displacement distances, leading to possible under-protection of individuals when this condition is not met. Using household data from 2007, we evaluated the performance of donut geomasking in Orange County, North Carolina. We calculated the estimated k-anonymity for every household based on the assumption of uniform household distribution. We then determined the actual k-anonymity by revealing household locations contained in the county E911 database. Census block groups in mixed-use areas with high population distribution heterogeneity were the most likely to have privacy protection below selected criteria. For heterogeneous populations, we suggest tripling the minimum displacement area in the donut to protect privacy with a less than 1% error rate.  相似文献   

首都圈地区小震重新定位及其在地震构造研究中的应用   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

朱艾斓  徐锡伟  胡平  周永胜  林元武  陈桂华  甘卫军 《地质论评》2005,51(3):268-274

使用双差地震定位法对首都圈地区39°～4 1°N,115°～118°E范围内1980～2 0 0 0年的2 0 98个小震进行了重新定位,定位均方根残差从重新定位前的1.4 s降到0 .32 s。重新定位后,地震活动多集中分布于北东与北西向断裂的交汇处,或密集成北东与北西向线性分布,与已知活动断裂具有密切的关系。在顺义与延怀盆地一带揭示出几条高角度北西向隐伏活动断裂,长度在10～2 0 km间。小震活动显示的构造信息表明,北西向构造是重要的发震构造,在现今构造变形和地震孕育、发生中,与北东向构造起着同样重要的作用。同时,重定位震源深度分布在东西方向上显示出明显的不均匀性,推测是地壳变形和构造活动强弱在横向变化的一种反映。  相似文献