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为准确描述我国最大的固定/半固定沙漠-古尔班通古特沙漠区域的大气边界层结构，本文利用该沙漠腹地2017年的梯度铁塔和通量观测数据，基于中尺度气象模式WRF (Weather Research and Forecast v3.7.1)，分析了5种边界层参数化方案在古尔班通古特沙漠的适用性。结果表明：1）采用WRF模拟沙漠腹地近地层内的边界层特征时，2m气温的模拟存在冷偏差，5种边界层参数化方案均能较好地模拟出四个季节2m气温的日变化特征，其中非局地方案ACM2(Asymmetric Convective Model version 2)对2m气温效果最好，局地方案BL方案的模拟偏差最大；2）5种边界层参数化方案均能够模拟出10m风速的日变化特征，其中局地方案BL(Bougeault-Lacarrere)对10m风速效果最佳；3）采用WRF模拟沙漠近地层内的地表通量特征时，感热通量存在高估现象，潜热通量存在低估现象，5种边界层参数化方案均能较好地模拟出四个季节模拟时间段内地表净辐射通量的日变化特征，其中局地方案MYJ(Mellor-Yamada-Janjie)的模拟精度最高。 相似文献
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One of the main problems of optical remote sensing is clouds and cloud shadows caused by specific atmospheric conditions during data acquisition. These features limit the usage of acquired images and increase the difficulty in data analysis, such as normalized difference vegetation index values, misclassification, and atmospheric correction. Accurate detection and reliable cloning of cloud and cloud shadow features in satellite images are very useful processes for optical remote sensing applications. In this study, an automated cloud removal algorithm to generate cloud and cloud shadow free images from multitemporal Landsat-8 images is introduced. Cloud and cloud shadow areas are classified by using process-based rule set developed by using spectral and spatial features after applying simple linear iterative clustering superpixel segmentation algorithm to the image to find cloud pixel groups easily and correctly. Segmentation-based cloud detection method gives better results than pixel-based for detection of cloud and cloud shadow patches. After detection of clouds and cloud shadows, cloud-free images are created by cloning cloudless regions from multitemporal dataset. Spectral and structural consistency are preserved by considering spectral features and seasonal effects while cloning process. Statistical similarity tests are applied to find best cloud-free image to use for cloning process. Cloning results are tested with the structural similarity index metric to evaluate the performance of cloning algorithm. 相似文献
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Evidence of multiple evaporite recycling processes in a salt‐tectonic context,Sivas Basin,Turkey 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alexandre Pichat Guilhem Hoareau Jean‐Paul Callot Etienne Legeay Kaan Sevki Kavak Sidonie Révillon Corinne Parat Jean‐Claude Ringenbach 《地学学报》2018,30(1):40-49
The isotopic composition of evaporites can shed light on their environment of precipitation and their subsequent recycling processes. In this study, we performed Sr, O and S isotopic analyses on evaporitic sulphates in the halokinetic Sivas Basin. The main objectives were to decipher the age and origin of the evaporites responsible for the salt tectonics, and to test whether diapir dissolution acts as the source of younger evaporitic layers in continental mini‐basins. The Sr isotopes demonstrate that the first evaporites precipitated from seawater during the Middle–Late Eocene. The similar isotopic values measured in the halokinetic domain confirm that the Eocene evaporites triggered the salt tectonics and were continuously recycled in Oligo‐Miocene mini‐basins as lacustrine to sabkha evaporites. Modern halite precipitates suggest that the dissolution and recycling of diapiric halite is ongoing. This study demonstrates the efficiency of isotopic analyses in constraining evaporite recycling processes in continental halokinetic domains. 相似文献
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古尔班通古特沙漠是中国最大的固定、半固定沙漠。利用2017年该沙漠克拉美丽站辐射资料,分析了古尔班通古特沙漠不同时间尺度和不同天气条件下的地表辐射变化特征。结果表明：（1）不同月份沙漠辐射收支各分量月平均日变化均呈单峰型,但极值大小及出现时间存在差异。各分量曝辐量季节变化明显：太阳总辐射表现为生长期（4—9月）>积雪期（1—3月）>凋零期（10—12月）,反射短波辐射表现为积雪期>生长期>凋零期,长波辐射和净辐射均表现为生长期>凋零期>积雪期。（2）地表反照率4—11月的日变化均呈“U”型曲线,年均值为0.367,积雪期、生长期、凋零期的平均值分别为0.7、0.246和0.27,其中1月1日至3月15日的日均值均高于0.7,这是该期间古尔班通古特沙漠存在稳定积雪所致。（3）晴天各分量日变化均为倒“U”型曲线,多云和雨天则不如晴天平滑,雪天短波辐射和净辐射日变化呈倒“V”型,长波辐射无明显日变化。降雨前后地表反照率日均值表现为雨前晴天>雨后晴天>雨天,降雪前后表现为雪后晴天>雪天>雪前晴天。（4）融雪前后各分量变化明显,积雪快速融化时地表反照率和反射短波辐射逐日减小,净辐射则反之,积雪完全融化前地表长波辐射一直较弱,积雪完全融化后逐渐增强。 相似文献
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Tong Zhao Changyou Liu Kaan Yetilmezsoy Baisheng Zhang Shuai Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(21):751
The thick hard rock (THR) roof of the long-wall mining face is prone to the large-sized cantilever roof, and its sudden fracture will cause serious rock dynamic disasters, such as coal and gas outburst and rockburst. In this study, based on the long beam theory, the initial fracture mechanical model for THR was established, and the first weighting characteristics and extreme fracture step distance were calculated. This study introduced a new technology called deep-hole pre-splitting blasting (DPB) which could break the THR by drilling holes with different depths and angles at different levels of roof rock and then blasting it. Field measurement analysis indicated that the immediate roof and lower thick hard strata were fully collapsed to fill the goaf, and the upper thick hard stratum was effectively cut off. The results showed that mechanical model and drilling holes method and DPB technique were so notably that would lead to a foundation for large-scale popularization and application in a Chinese Mine. 相似文献
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The potential genotoxic activity in the surface waters of the Golden Horn Estuary was statistically evaluated utilizing a combination of appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests. The genotoxic activities that were associated with the water samples were determined by the SOS chromotest microplate assay. This assay utilizes β-galactosidase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and four different solvent controls, to generate reliable results when corrected induction factors (CIF) are used as quantitative measurements of genotoxic activity. The CIF values were obtained from a total of 384 different genotoxic experiments that were grouped into subsets according to the respective seasons and the selected sampling locations. A total of 160 subsets were statistically compared to assess any possible differences between the pairs of groups, with 95% confidence limits. The findings of this study clearly indicate that some seasonal variations exist in the CIF values at several sampling sites. However, no potentially hazardous impact to the aquatic environment was found in the estuarine system. 相似文献
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AbstractMathematical models developed for quantification of sediment transport in hydrological watersheds require data collected through field or laboratory experiments, but these are still very rare in the literature. This study aims to collect such data at the laboratory scale. To this end, a rainfall simulator equipped with nozzles to spray rainfall was constructed, together with an erosion flume that can be given longitudinal and lateral slopes. Eighty experiments were performed, considering microtopographical features by pre-forming a rill on the soil surface before the start of each experiment. Medium and fine sands were used as soil, and four rainfall intensities (45, 65, 85 and 105 mm h-1) were applied in the experiments. Rainfall characteristics such as uniformity, granulometry, drop velocity and kinetic energy were evaluated; flow and sediment discharge data were collected and analysed. The analysis shows that the sediment transport rate is directly proportional to rainfall intensity and slope. In contrast, the volumetric sediment concentration stays constant and does not change with rainfall intensity unless the slope changes. These conclusions are restricted to the conditions of experiments performed under rainfall intensities between and 105 mm h-1 for medium and fine sands in a 136-cm-wide, 650-cm-long and 17-cm-deep erosion flume with longitudinal and lateral slopes varying between 5 and 20%.Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor G. MahéCitation Aksoy, H., Unal, N.E., Cokgor, S., Gedikli, A., Yoon, J., Koca, K., Inci, S.B., Eris, E., and Pak, G., 2013. Laboratory experiments of sediment transport from bare soil with a rill. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (7), 1505–1518. 相似文献
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Mustafa Evren Ersahin Recep Kaan Dereli Hale Ozgun Berivan Gunes Donmez Ismail Koyuncu Mahmut Altinbas Izzet Ozturk 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(6):543-548
Baker's yeast industry has significant effects on environment due to significant water consumption and high strength wastewater production. Effluents from baker's yeast industry are characterized by high concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate, and dark brown color. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed quantitative and qualitative identification and characterization of the wastewater sources from different processes of a baker's yeast industry. It is identified that the most polluted wastewater components of the facility are coming from rotary drum filter and evaporation process. However, the highest pollution loads is identified as tank and equipment cleaning effluent due to very high flow rate from this source. The efforts should be on the way to minimize the water usage for the tank and equipment cleaning process, and to recycle less polluted waste streams back to the process. 相似文献