High rate anaerobic treatment of Sago wastewater using HUASB with PUF as carrier     

J. Rajesh Banu M.Sc  M.Phil.  Ph.D.  S. Kaliappan B.E.  M.E.  Ph.D.  D. Beck 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2006,3(1):69-77

Sago industry is one of the major small-scale sectors in India and over 800 units are located in the southern State of Tamilnadu. Processing of sago generates enormous quantities of high strength wastewater requiring systematic treatment prior to disposal. The present study is an attempt to treat the sago wastewater using Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) reactor, which offers the advantages of both fixed film and up flow anaerobic sludge blanket treatment. HUASB reactor with a volume of 5.6 L was operated at Organic Loading Rates varying from 10.7 to 24.7 kg COD/m³.day. After 130 days of startup, the reactor produced appreciable decrease in COD of wastewater and removed solids efficiently. The COD removal varied from 91–87%. While the removal of Total Solids was in the range of 61–57%, that of volatile solids varied from 70–67%. The ideal OLR for the reactor was 23.5 kg COD/m³.day. The findings of the study open up newer possibilities of design low cost and compact onsite treatment systems with very short retention periods.  相似文献   

Treatment of domestic wastewater using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor     

J. R. Banu Ph.D.  S. Kaliappan B.E  M.E. PhD  I. T. Yeom 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(3):363-370

This paper presents the findings of the study on treatment of domestic wastewater using a laboratory scale Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (HUASB) reactor. The reactor with a working volume of 5.9 L and plastic cut rings as packing media was operated at varying Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) for a period of 110 days. While the COD removal varied from 75–86%, the BOD removal was in the range of 70–91%. Methane content in the biogas was 62±3%. VFA levels fluctuating between 100 and 186 mg/L (as acetate) did not pose operational problems such as souring of the reactor. During the treatment, nutrient levels exhibited an increasing trend. HUASB system could be designed with very short HRT of 3.3 hours, which will reduce the treatment cost significantly. It appears to be a promising alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater in developing countries like India  相似文献   

Effect of extracellular polymeric substances on sludge reduction potential of Bacillus licheniformis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Merrylin  S. Kaliappan  S. Adish Kumar  I. T. Yeom  Banu J. Rajesh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(1):85-92

The disposal of wastewater sludge generated during the treatment of the various municipal and industrial wastewaters is a major environmental problem. In this study the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis, which enhances the efficiency of sludge reduction, was isolated from waste activated sludge acclimated to 55 °C. The resulting suspended solids’ degradation was 12 % and chemical oxygen demand solubilization was 18 %. To further enhance the sludge reduction potential, extra polymeric substances, which play a major role in the formation of flocs, were removed. A chemical extractant, ethylenediaminetetraacetate that is also a cation binding agent, was used to remove the extra polymeric substances. After the removal of extra polymeric substances, the suspended solids’ degradation increased from 12 to 23 % and the chemical oxygen demand solubilization increased from 18 to 25 %. These observations confirm that Bacillus licheniformis enhanced sludge reduction in non-flocculated sludge (with the removal of extra polymeric substances) as compared to flocculated sludge (without the removal of extra polymeric substances).  相似文献   

Effect of sludge pretreatment on the performance of anaerobic/ anoxic/ oxic membrane bioreactor treating domestic wastewater     

J. Rajesh Banu M.Sc.  M.Phil.  Ph.D.  D. K. Uan Ph.D.  S. Kaliappan BE  M. Tech.  Ph.D.  I. T. Yeom Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(2):281-290

In the present study, two bench-scale anaerobic/ anoxic/ oxic submerged membrane bioreactors were used to study the effect of thermochemical sludge disintegration system on the excess sludge production. Among the two membrane bioreactors, one was named experimental membrane bioreactor and another one was named as control membrane bioreactor, where a part of the mixed liquor was treated with thermo chemical and was returned back to membrane bioreactor. Thermo chemical digestion of sludge was carried out at fixed pH (11) and temperature (75 °C) for 24 % chemical oxygen demand solution. The other one was named control membrane bioreactor and was used as control. The reactors were operated at three different mixed liquor suspended solids range starting from 7500 mg/L to 15000 mg/L. Both of membrane bioreactors were operated at a flux of 17 LMH over a period of 240 days. The designed flux was increased stepwise over a period of one week. During the 240 days of reactor operation, both of membrane bioreactors maintained relatively constant transmembrane pressure. The sludge digestion had no impact on chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of the reactor. The results based on the study indicated that the proposed process configuration has potential to reduce the excess sludge production as well as it didn’t deteriorate the treated water quality.  相似文献   

Can well-being between Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries converge?     

Peter Adamu  Shivee Ranjanee Kaliappan  Abdalla Sirag  Ruth John Chenbap 《GeoJournal》2017,82(2):369-377

This study investigates the convergence of well-being between Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member countries during the period 1980–2014. The gap in living standard was examined from a steady state represented by the average income of OECD countries. Applying the unit root estimation technique to test for convergence with and without structural breaks, the result shows that; among a total of 43 countries studied, about 14 % are converging towards the average of OECD average. When the shock caused by the economic crisis of 2008 was factored into the analysis, the gains of about five countries out of the six converging disappeared. These results are disturbing owing to the fact that countries in the Asian region that started almost at the same level with SSA have converged to form a convergence club. Therefore, a lot more effort is needed from the government and stake holders in most countries in SSA to improve on the determinants of growth like good health care, quality institutions, better education and commitments to pursue developmental programmes which will boost the income of an average African to acquire better life.  相似文献